Implementation of Menter's 1-eq gamma transition model (#1287)

--------- Co-authored-by: Kevin Griffin <kgriffin@nrel.gov> Co-authored-by: Marc Henry de Frahan <marc.henrydefrahan@nrel.gov>
Exawind · Sep 25, 2024 · 6155b17 · 6155b17
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diff --git a/docs/sphinx/references/references.bib b/docs/sphinx/references/references.bib
@@ -412,4 +412,11 @@ @book{wilcox1998turbulence
   volume={2},
   year={1998},
   publisher={DCW industries La Canada, CA}
-}
+}
+
+@article{Menter:2015,
+  Author = {Menter, F. R. and Smirnov, P. E., and Liu, T and Avancha, R.},
+  Journal = {Flow Turbulence Combust},
+  Title = {A One-Equation Local Correlation-Based Transition Model},
+  Year = {2015}
+}
diff --git a/docs/sphinx/source/theory/supportedEquationSet.rst b/docs/sphinx/source/theory/supportedEquationSet.rst
@@ -855,6 +855,41 @@ where :math:`\Omega` is the earth's angular velocity and :math:`\lambda` is the
 
 .. _eqn_sst_des:
 
+Laminar-Turbulent Transition Model Formulation
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+To account for the effects of the laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition, 
+Menter's one-equation :math:`\gamma` transition model :cite:`Menter:2015` is coupled with the SST model.
+The model consists of single transport equation for intermittency
+
+.. math::
+   \frac{D(\rho \gamma)}{Dt}=P_{\gamma}-D_{\gamma}+\frac{\partial }{\partial x_j}\left[ (\mu + \frac{\mu_t}{\sigma_{\gamma}} )\frac{\partial \gamma}{\partial x_j} \right]
+
+The production term, :math:`P_{\gamma}`, and destruction term, :math:`D_{\gamma}`, are as:
+
+.. math::
+   P_{\gamma}=F_{length} \rho S \gamma (1-\gamma) F_{onset}, \quad D_{\gamma}=C_{a2} \rho \Omega \gamma F_{turb} (C_{e2}\gamma-1)
+
+The model constants are:
+
+.. math::
+   F_{length}=100, \quad  c_{e2}=50, \quad  c_{a2}=0.06, \quad  \sigma_{\gamma}=1.0 
+
+The transition onset criteria of the model are defined as:
+
+.. math::
+   F_{onset1}=\frac{Re_{v}}{2.2Re_{\theta c}}, \quad F_{onset2}=(F_{onset1},2.0 ) 
+
+.. math::
+   F_{onset3}=\max \left(1- \left (\frac{R_{T}}{3.5}\right)^3,0 \right ), \quad F_{onset}=\max(F_{onset2}-F_{onset3},0)
+
+.. math::
+   F_{turb}=e^{-\left ( \frac{R_{T}}{2} \right )^{4}}, \quad R_T=\frac{\rho k}{\mu \omega}, \quad Re_v=\frac{\rho d_{w}^2S}{\mu}
+
+The transition onset occurs once the scaled vorticity Reynolds number, :math:`Re_{v}/2.2`, exceeds the critical momentum thickness Reynolds number, :math:`Re_{\theta c}`, from the empirical correlations.
+
+The output intermittency from the transition model is applied to both the production and destruction terms of the turbulent kinetic energy
+transport equation. 
+
 Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) Formulation
 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 

diff --git a/include/Enums.h b/include/Enums.h
@@ -245,12 +245,8 @@ enum TurbulenceModelConstant {
   TM_sdrAmb = 63,
   TM_avgTimeCoeff = 64,
   TM_alphaInf = 65,
-  TM_caOne = 66,
-  TM_caTwo = 67,
-  TM_ceOne = 68,
-  TM_ceTwo = 69,
-  TM_c0t = 70,
-  TM_END = 71
+  TM_fsti = 66,
+  TM_END = 67
 };
 
 static const std::string TurbulenceModelConstantNames[] = {
@@ -320,11 +316,7 @@ static const std::string TurbulenceModelConstantNames[] = {
   "sdr_amb",
   "avgTimeCoeff",
   "alphaInf",
-  "caOne",
-  "caTwo",
-  "ceOne",
-  "ceTwo",
-  "c0t",
+  "fsti",
   "END"};
 
 enum ActuatorType {

diff --git a/include/GammaEquationSystem.h b/include/GammaEquationSystem.h
@@ -73,10 +73,15 @@ class GammaEquationSystem : public EquationSystem
   VectorFieldType* dgamdx_;
   ScalarFieldType* gamTmp_;
   ScalarFieldType* minDistanceToWall_;
+  VectorFieldType* dwalldistdx_;
+  ScalarFieldType* nDotV_;
+  VectorFieldType* dnDotVdx_;
   ScalarFieldType* visc_;
   ScalarFieldType* tvisc_;
   ScalarFieldType* evisc_;
   ScalarNodalGradAlgDriver nodalGradAlgDriver_;
+  ScalarNodalGradAlgDriver wallDistGradAlgDriver_;
+  ScalarNodalGradAlgDriver nDotVGradAlgDriver_;
 
   std::unique_ptr<Algorithm> effDiffFluxAlg_;
 };

diff --git a/include/NaluParsedTypes.h b/include/NaluParsedTypes.h
@@ -63,12 +63,6 @@ struct GammaInf
   GammaInf() : gamma_(1.0) {}
 };
 
-struct GammaOpen
-{
-  double gamma_;
-  GammaOpen() : gamma_(1.0) {}
-};
-
 struct Temperature
 {
   double temperature_;

diff --git a/include/NaluParsing.h b/include/NaluParsing.h
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ struct OpenUserData : public UserData
   MixtureFraction mixFrac_;
   VolumeOfFluid volumeOfFluid_;
   MassFraction massFraction_;
-  GammaOpen gamma_;
+  GammaInf gamma_;
 
   bool uSpec_;
   bool pSpec_;

diff --git a/include/ShearStressTransportEquationSystem.h b/include/ShearStressTransportEquationSystem.h
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class ShearStressTransportEquationSystem : public EquationSystem
 
   const double tkeMinValue_{1.0e-8};
   const double sdrMinValue_{1.0e-8};
-  const double gammaMinValue_{0.0};
+  const double gammaMinValue_{0.02};
   const double gammaMaxValue_{1.0};
 };
 

diff --git a/include/node_kernels/BLTGammaM2015NodeKernel.h b/include/node_kernels/BLTGammaM2015NodeKernel.h
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ class BLTGammaM2015NodeKernel : public NGPNodeKernel<BLTGammaM2015NodeKernel>
   stk::mesh::NgpField<double> visc_;
   stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dudx_;
   stk::mesh::NgpField<double> minD_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dwalldistdx_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dnDotVdx_;
   stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dualNodalVolume_;
   stk::mesh::NgpField<double> coordinates_;
   stk::mesh::NgpField<double> velocityNp1_;
@@ -68,16 +70,12 @@ class BLTGammaM2015NodeKernel : public NGPNodeKernel<BLTGammaM2015NodeKernel>
   unsigned viscID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
   unsigned dudxID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
   unsigned minDID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dwalldistdxID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dnDotVdxID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
   unsigned dualNodalVolumeID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
   unsigned gamintID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
 
-  NodeKernelTraits::DblType caOne_;
-  NodeKernelTraits::DblType caTwo_;
-  NodeKernelTraits::DblType ceOne_;
-  NodeKernelTraits::DblType ceTwo_;
-
-  int timeStepCount;
-  int maxStepCount;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType fsti_;
 
   const int nDim_;
 };

diff --git a/include/node_kernels/SDRSSTBLTM2015NodeKernel.h b/include/node_kernels/SDRSSTBLTM2015NodeKernel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright 2017 National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC
+// (NTESS), National Renewable Energy Laboratory, University of Texas Austin,
+// Northwest Research Associates. Under the terms of Contract DE-NA0003525
+// with NTESS, the U.S. Government retains certain rights in this software.
+//
+// This software is released under the BSD 3-clause license. See LICENSE file
+// for more details.
+//
+
+#ifndef SDRSSTBLTM2015NODEKERNEL_H
+#define SDRSSTBLTM2015NODEKERNEL_H
+
+#include "node_kernels/NodeKernel.h"
+#include "FieldTypeDef.h"
+
+#include "stk_mesh/base/BulkData.hpp"
+#include "stk_mesh/base/Ngp.hpp"
+#include "stk_mesh/base/NgpField.hpp"
+#include "stk_mesh/base/Types.hpp"
+
+namespace sierra {
+namespace nalu {
+
+class Realm;
+
+class SDRSSTBLTM2015NodeKernel : public NGPNodeKernel<SDRSSTBLTM2015NodeKernel>
+{
+public:
+  SDRSSTBLTM2015NodeKernel(const stk::mesh::MetaData&);
+
+  SDRSSTBLTM2015NodeKernel() = delete;
+
+  KOKKOS_DEFAULTED_FUNCTION
+  virtual ~SDRSSTBLTM2015NodeKernel() = default;
+
+  virtual void setup(Realm&) override;
+
+  KOKKOS_FUNCTION
+  virtual void execute(
+    NodeKernelTraits::LhsType&,
+    NodeKernelTraits::RhsType&,
+    const stk::mesh::FastMeshIndex&) override;
+
+private:
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> tke_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> sdr_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> density_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> tvisc_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dudx_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dkdx_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dwdx_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dualNodalVolume_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> fOneBlend_;
+
+  unsigned tkeID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned sdrID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned densityID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned tviscID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dudxID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dkdxID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dwdxID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dualNodalVolumeID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned fOneBlendID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType betaStar_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType tkeProdLimitRatio_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType sigmaWTwo_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType betaOne_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType betaTwo_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType gammaOne_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType gammaTwo_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType sdrAmb_;
+
+  const int nDim_;
+
+  bool lengthScaleLimiter_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType corfac_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType referenceVelocity_;
+};
+
+} // namespace nalu
+} // namespace sierra
+
+#endif /* SDRSSTBLTM2015NODEKERNEL_H */
diff --git a/include/node_kernels/TKESSTBLTM2015NodeKernel.h b/include/node_kernels/TKESSTBLTM2015NodeKernel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright 2017 National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC
+// (NTESS), National Renewable Energy Laboratory, University of Texas Austin,
+// Northwest Research Associates. Under the terms of Contract DE-NA0003525
+// with NTESS, the U.S. Government retains certain rights in this software.
+//
+// This software is released under the BSD 3-clause license. See LICENSE file
+// for more details.
+//
+
+#ifndef TKESSTBLTM2015NODEKERNEL_H
+#define TKESSTBLTM2015NODEKERNEL_H
+
+#include "node_kernels/NodeKernel.h"
+#include "FieldTypeDef.h"
+#include "stk_mesh/base/BulkData.hpp"
+#include "stk_mesh/base/Ngp.hpp"
+#include "stk_mesh/base/NgpField.hpp"
+#include "stk_mesh/base/Types.hpp"
+
+namespace sierra {
+namespace nalu {
+
+class Realm;
+
+class TKESSTBLTM2015NodeKernel : public NGPNodeKernel<TKESSTBLTM2015NodeKernel>
+{
+public:
+  TKESSTBLTM2015NodeKernel(const stk::mesh::MetaData&);
+
+  TKESSTBLTM2015NodeKernel() = delete;
+
+  KOKKOS_DEFAULTED_FUNCTION
+  virtual ~TKESSTBLTM2015NodeKernel() = default;
+
+  virtual void setup(Realm&) override;
+
+  KOKKOS_FUNCTION
+  virtual void execute(
+    NodeKernelTraits::LhsType&,
+    NodeKernelTraits::RhsType&,
+    const stk::mesh::FastMeshIndex&) override;
+
+private:
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> tke_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> sdr_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> gamint_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> density_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> tvisc_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> visc_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dudx_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> wallDist_;
+  stk::mesh::NgpField<double> dualNodalVolume_;
+
+  unsigned tkeID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned sdrID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned gamintID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned densityID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned viscID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned tviscID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dudxID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned wallDistID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+  unsigned dualNodalVolumeID_{stk::mesh::InvalidOrdinal};
+
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType betaStar_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType tkeProdLimitRatio_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType tkeAmb_;
+  NodeKernelTraits::DblType sdrAmb_;
+
+  const int nDim_;
+};
+
+} // namespace nalu
+} // namespace sierra
+
+#endif /* TKESSTBLTM2015NODEKERNEL_H */
diff --git a/reg_tests/CTestList.cmake b/reg_tests/CTestList.cmake
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ if(NOT ENABLE_CUDA AND NOT ENABLE_ROCM)
     add_test_r(airfoilRANSEdgeNGPHypre.rst 2)
     add_test_r(fsiTurbineSurrogate 4)
     add_test_r(VOFZalDisk 4)
+    add_test_r(airfoilSST_Gamma_Trans 4)
 
     if (ENABLE_TRILINOS_SOLVERS)
       add_test_r(aslNeutralEdgeSST 4)
@@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ else()
     add_test_r(ablNeutralNGPHypreSegregated 2)
     add_test_r(multiElemCylinder 2)
     add_test_r(VOFZalDisk 2)
+    add_test_r(airfoilSST_Gamma_Trans 4)
   endif()
 
   if (ENABLE_TIOGA AND ENABLE_TRILINOS_SOLVERS)

diff --git a/reg_tests/test_files/airfoilSST_Gamma_Trans/airfoilSST_Gamma_Trans.norm.gold b/reg_tests/test_files/airfoilSST_Gamma_Trans/airfoilSST_Gamma_Trans.norm.gold
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+9886408.858641421 1 0.0146628
+3938.732212071351 2 0.0293255
+43.78119071175424 3 0.0439883
+26.35564999333952 4 0.058651
+18.24183547843733 5 0.0733138