Add retry with backoff to all client operations

[dylan-bourque]

This PR adds a retry (with backoff + jitter) to all client operations to help with transient 502-Server Unavailable errors.

Additional changes:

• Updated the Docker Compose test setup to use PostgreSQL v16 and v0.40.0 of the pg-semver extension (which includes a fix for incorrect errors when parsing pre-release tokens that start with a 0 but aren't numbers.
• As an optimization, moved the retrieval of the latest module version for the perseus list-modules CLI command from the client to the server.
• Updated the client dial logic to automatically use H2C for non-TLS client connections (so that users don't need to know that they have to)