The Allen Brain Institute hosts a rich database of mouse brain imagery. It contains a large number of gene expression datasets obtained through the in situ hybridization (ISH) staining. While for a given gene a number of datasets corresponding to different specimen can be found, each of these datasets only contains sparse section images that do not form a continuous volume. This package explores techniques that allow to interpolate the missing slices and thus reconstruct whole gene expression volumes.
Note that due to some of our dependencies we're currently limited to python
version 3.7. Please make sure you set up a virtual environment with that
version before trying to install this library. If you're unsure how to do that
please have a look at conda or
pyenv.
If you are part of the Blue Brain Project and are working on the BB5 you can
find the correct python version in the archive modules between archive/2020-02
and archive/2020-12 (inclusive). Here's an example of a set of commands
that will set up your environment on the BB5:
module purge
module load archive/2020-12
module load python
python -m venv venv
. ./venv/bin/activate
python --versionWe also recommend that you make sure that pip is up-to-date and that the
packages wheel and setuptools are installed:
pip install --upgrade pip wheel setuptoolsIn order to access the data and the example scripts a local clone of this repository is required. Run these commands to get it:
git clone https://github.com/BlueBrain/atlas-interpolation
cd atlas-interpolationThe "Atlas Interpolation" package can now be installed directly from the clone we just created:
pip install '.[data, optical]'The data for this project is managed by the DVC tool and all
related files are located in the data directory. The DVC tool has already been
installed together with the "Atlas Interpolation" package. Every time you need
to run a DVC command (dvc ...) make sure to change to the data directory
first (cd data).
We have already prepared all the data, but it is located on a remote storage
that is only accessible to people within the Blue Brain Project who have
access permissions to project proj101. If you're unsure you can test your
permissions with the following command:
ssh bbpv1.bbp.epfl.ch \
"ls /gpfs/bbp.cscs.ch/data/project/proj101/dvc_remotes"Possible outcomes:
# Access OK
atlas_annotation
atlas_interpolation
# Access denied
ls: cannot open directory [...]: Permission deniedDepending on whether you have access to the remote storage in the following
sections you will either pull the data from the remote (dvc pull) or download
the input data manually and re-run the data processing pipelines to reproduce
the output data (dvc repro).
If you work on the BB5 and have access to the remote storage then run the following command to short-circuit the remote access (because the remote is located on the BB5 itself):
cd data
dvc remote add --local gpfs_proj101 \
/gpfs/bbp.cscs.ch/data/project/proj101/dvc_remotes/atlas_interpolation
cd ..Much of the functionality of "Atlas Interpolation" relies on pre-trained deep learning models. The model checkpoints that need to be loaded are part of the data.
If you have access to the remote storage (see above) you can pull all model checkpoints from the remote:
cd data
dvc pull checkpoints/rife.dvc
dvc pull checkpoints/cain.dvc
dvc pull checkpoints/maskflownet.params.dvc
dvc pull checkpoints/RAFT.dvc
cd ..If you don't have access to the remote you need to download the checkpoint files
by hand and put the downloaded data into the data/checkpoints folder. You
may not need all the checkpoints depending on the examples you want to run. Here
are the instructions for the four models we use: RIFE, CAIN, MaskFlowNet, and
RAFT:
- RIFE: download the checkpoint from a shared Google Drive folder by following
this link.
Unzip the contents of the downloaded file into
data/checkpoints/rife. [ref] - CAIN: download the checkpoint from a shared Dropbox folder by following
this link.
Move the downloaded file to
data/checkpoints/cain. [ref] - MaskFlowNet: download the checkpoint directly from GitHub by following
this link.
Rename the file to
maskflownet.paramsand move it todata/checkpoints. [ref] - RAFT: download the checkpoint files from a shared Dropbox folder by following
this link.
Move all downloaded
.pthfiles to thedata/checkpoints/RAFT/modelsfolder. [ref]
If you downloaded all checkpoints or pulled them from the remote you should have the following files:
data
└── checkpoints
├── RAFT
│ ├── models
│ │ ├── raft-chairs.pth
│ │ ├── raft-kitti.pth
│ │ ├── raft-sintel.pth
│ │ ├── raft-small.pth
│ │ └── raft-things.pth
├── cain
│ └── pretrained_cain.pth
├── maskflownet.params
└── rife
├── contextnet.pkl
├── flownet.pkl
└── unet.pkl
The purpose of the "Atlas Interpolation" package is to interpolate missing section images within section image datasets. This section explains how to obtain these data.
Remember that if you don't have access to the remote storage (see above) you'll
need to use the dvc repro commands that download/process the data live. If
you do have access, you'll use dvc pull instead, which is faster.
Normally it's not necessary to get all data. Due to its size it may take a lot
of disk space as well as time to download and pre-process. If you still decide
to do so you can by running dvc repro or dvc pull without any parameters.
Specific examples only require specific data. You can use DVC to list all data pipeline stages to find out which stage produces the data you're interested in. To list all data pipeline stages run:
cd data
dvc stage listIf, for example, you need data located in data/aligned/coronal/Gad1, then
according to the output of command above the relevant stage is named
align@Gad1. Therefore, you only need to run this stage to get the necessary
data (replace repro by pull if you can access the remote storage):
dvc repro align@Gad1If you're familiar with the AIBS data that we're using and would like to add
new ISH gene expressions that are not yet available as one of our pipeline
stages (check the output of dvc stage list) then follow the following
instructions.
- Edit the file
data/dvc.yamland add the new gene name to the lists in thestages:download_dataset:foreachandstages:align:foreachsections. - Run the data downloading and processing pipelines (replace
NEW_GENEby the real gene name that you used indata/dvc.yaml):dvc repro download_dataset@NEW_GENE dvc repro align@NEW_GENE
In this section we showcase several typical use-cases of "Atlas Interpolation":
- Use pair interpolation to predict an intermediate image between two given images
- Predict optical flow between any pair of images and use it to morph a third image
- In a gene expression volume predict missing slices and reconstruct the whole volume
Note that all models accept both RGB images (shape=(height, width, 3))
and grayscale images (shape=(height, width)).
The only data you need for this example is the RIFE model checkpoint. Follow the instructions in the corresponding section above to get it. If you have access to the remote data storage it's enough to run the following commands:
cd data
dvc pull checkpoints/rife.dvc
cd ..In this example we start with a pair of images img1 and img2 (randomly
generated for example's sake). First use the RIFE model to interpolate between
them in a manual way and find the image in-between (img_middle). Then we
demonstrate the use of the PairInterpolate class that streamlines the
interpolation procedure. Starting with the same pair of images we iterate the
interpolation three times to produce a stack of seven interpolated images
(interpolated_imgs).
import numpy as np
from atlinter.vendor.rife.RIFE_HD import Model as RifeModel
from atlinter.vendor.rife.RIFE_HD import device as rife_device
from atlinter.pair_interpolation import PairInterpolate, RIFEPairInterpolationModel
# Get the input images
img1 = np.random.rand(100, 200, 3) # replace by real section image
img2 = np.random.rand(100, 200, 3) # replace by real section image
# Get the RIFE interpolation model
checkpoint_path = "data/checkpoints/rife/" # Please change, if needed
rife_model = RifeModel()
rife_model.load_model(checkpoint_path, -1)
rife_model.eval()
interpolation_model = RIFEPairInterpolationModel(rife_model, rife_device)
# Manually predict middle image between img1 and img2
preimg1, preimg2 = interpolation_model.before_interpolation(img1=img1, img2=img2)
img_middle = interpolation_model.interpolate(img1=preimg1, img2=preimg2)
img_middle = interpolation_model.after_interpolation(img_middle)
print(img_middle.shape)
# Streamline the interpolation using PairInterpolate and predict a stack
# of 7 intermediate images
interpolator = PairInterpolate(n_repeat=3)
interpolated_imgs = interpolator(img1, img2, interpolation_model)
print(interpolated_imgs.shape)The only data you need for this example is the MaskFlowNet model checkpoint. Follow the instructions in the corresponding section above to get it. If you have access to the remote data storage it's enough to run the following commands:
cd data
dvc pull checkpoints/maskflownet.params.dvc
cd ..This example demonstrates how an optical flow model can be used to compute the optical flow between a pair of images. It can then be used to warp a third image. The images in this example are randomly generated. In a realistic setting they should be replaced by real images.
import numpy as np
from atlinter.optical_flow import MaskFlowNet
# Instantiate an optical flow model (in this case: MaskFlowNet)
checkpoint_path = "data/checkpoints/maskflownet.params"
net = MaskFlowNet(checkpoint_path)
# Prepare random images. Should be replaced by real section images
img1 = np.random.rand(100, 200, 3)
img2 = np.random.rand(100, 200, 3)
img3 = np.random.rand(100, 200, 3)
# Predict the optical flow between img1 and img2
img1, img2 = net.preprocess_images(img1=img1, img2=img2)
predicted_flow = net.predict_flow(img1=img1, img2=img2)
# Warp a third image using the optical flow
predicted_img = net.warp_image(predicted_flow, img3)
print(predicted_img.shape)The data you need for this example are the RIFE model checkpoint and the Vip gene expression dataset. To get the RIFE checkpoint follow the instruction in the corresponding section above. If you have access to the remote data storage it's enough to run the following commands:
cd data
dvc pull checkpoints/rife.dvc
cd ..As described in the data section above, there are two ways of getting the Vip gene expression dataset. If you have access to the remote data storage you can pull it from there:
cd data
dvc pull download_dataset@Vip
cd ..If you don't have access then you can re-download it. This should always work, but may take several minutes:
cd data
dvc repro download_dataset@Vip
cd ..In this example with start with a gene expression volume that has missing
section images. First we load the image data and the metadata from disk and
wrap it into a GeneDataset class. Then we instantiate the RIFE deep learning
model that will be used for interpolation. We use this model to first predict a
single slice in the volume, then we reconstruct the whole volume by predicting
all intermediate slices. Note that this last step is computation-heavy and might
therefore take some time.
import json
import numpy as np
from atlinter.data import GeneDataset
from atlinter.pair_interpolation import GeneInterpolate, RIFEPairInterpolationModel
from atlinter.vendor.rife.RIFE_HD import Model as RifeModel
from atlinter.vendor.rife.RIFE_HD import device as rife_device
# Load the gene expression dataset from disk
data_path = "data/sagittal/Vip/1102.npy" # Change the path if needed
data_json = "data/sagittal/Vip/1102.json" # Change the path if needed
section_images = np.load(data_path)
with open(data_json) as fh:
metadata = json.load(fh)
section_numbers = [int(s) for s in metadata["section_numbers"]]
axis = metadata["axis"]
# Wrap the data into a GeneDataset class
gene_dataset = GeneDataset(
section_images,
section_numbers,
volume_shape=(528, 320, 456, 3),
axis=axis,
)
# Load the RIFE deep learning model that will be used for interpolation
checkpoint_path = "data/checkpoints/rife"
rife_model = RifeModel()
rife_model.load_model(checkpoint_path, -1)
rife_model.eval()
rife_interpolation_model = RIFEPairInterpolationModel(rife_model, rife_device)
# Create a gene interpolator
gene_interpolate = GeneInterpolate(gene_dataset, rife_interpolation_model)
# Predict a single section image
predicted_slice = gene_interpolate.predict_slice(10)
print(predicted_slice.shape)
# Reconstruct the whole volume. This might take some time.
predicted_volume = gene_interpolate.predict_volume()
print(predicted_volume.shape)Some dependencies are not available as packages and therefore had to be
vendored. The vendoring is done using the
py-vendor utility. It's installed
automatically together with the dev extras. You can also install it by hand
via pip install py-vendor==0.1.2.
The vendoring is then done using the following command (add --force to
overwrite existing folders):
py-vendor run --config py-vendor.yamlSee the py-vendor.yaml file for details on the vendor sources and files.
The development of this software was supported by funding to the Blue Brain Project, a research center of the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), from the Swiss government’s ETH Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology.
Copyright (c) 2021-2022 Blue Brain Project/EPFL