Git_Introduction.md

Git Introduction

Getting Started

• Version Control
  • Local Version Control Systems (RCS)
  • Centralized Version Control Systems (SVN)
  • Distributed Version Control Systems (Git)
• Installation
• Environment Setup

  • Learn Linux Commands

    Linux Command Cheat Sheet

    1. cd: Change directory.
    2. cd ..: Move up one directory level. Use cd to go directly to the default directory.
    3. pwd: Display the current directory path.
    4. ls (ll): List all files in the current directory. ll provides more detailed information.
    5. touch: Create a new file. For example, touch index.js creates a new file named index.js in the current directory.
    6. rm: Delete a file. For example, rm index.js deletes the file index.js.
    7. mkdir: Create a new directory. For example, mkdir new_folder creates a directory named new_folder.
    8. rm -r: Delete a directory. For example, rm -r src deletes the directory src.
    9. mv: Move a file. For example, mv index.html src/ moves index.html to the src directory. Ensure the source and target directories exist.
    10. reset: Reinitialize and clear the terminal.
    11. clear: Clear the terminal screen.
    12. history: View the command history.
    13. help: Display help information.
    14. exit: Exit the terminal.
    15. #: Used for comments.

  • Configuration

Git Basics

• Basic Theory

  • Working Areas
    • Local
      • Working Directory: The workspace where files are dited. It contains the files currently being worked on.
      • Repository (or Local Repository): A secure storage area for data, containing all the versions of files you have committed. The HEAD pointer references the latest version committed to the repository.
      • Staging Area (Stage/Index) A temporary area for storing changes. Essentially, it is a file that holds information about the files that are about to be committed.
    • Remote
      • Remote Repository
  • File States
    • Untracked
    • Unmodified
    • Modified
    • Staged

• File Operations

  • View File States

  • Ignore Files (.gitignore)

    Comments Example

    .txt # Ignore all files ending with .txt
    !lib.txt # Except for lib.txt
    /temp # Ignore the temp file only in the project's root directory, but not in other directories
    build/ # Ignore all files in the build/ directory
    doc/.txt # Ignore doc/notes.txt but not doc/server/arch.txt

• Basic Workflow

  • Diagram of Workflow
  • 

• Other Operations

Git Branches

• List Branches
  • Local Branches
  • All Remote Branches
• Create a New Branch
  • Stay in Current Branch: git branch [branch-name]
  • Switch to the New Branch: git checkout -b [branch]
• Merge Branches
  • git merge [branch]

Useful command

LOCAL COMMANDS

git init                     # Initialize a new Git repository
git status                   # Check the status of the working directory
git add <file_name>          # Stage changes to a file
git add .                    # Stage all changes in the current directory
git commit -m "message"      # Commit staged changes with a message
git log                      # View commit history
git diff                     # Show differences between working directory and staging area

REMOTE COMMANDS

git remote add origin <url>  # Link a local repository to a remote
git remote -v                # List all remotes
git push origin <branch>     # Push changes to a remote branch
git pull origin <branch>     # Pull changes from a remote branch
git clone <url>              # Clone a repository to your local machine

BRANCH COMMANDS

git branch                   # List all local branches
git branch <branch_name>     # Create a new branch
git checkout <branch_name>   # Switch to a branch
git checkout -b <branch_name> # Create and switch to a new branch
git merge <branch_name>      # Merge a branch into the current branch
git branch -d <branch_name>  # Delete a local branch
git push origin --delete <branch> # Delete a branch in the remote repository