diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
index 892955164a2e09..8abc4ee7f6e0e0 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
@@ -336,8 +336,10 @@ export function cssPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
             return joinUrlSegments(config.base, decodedUrl)
           }
         }
-        const resolved = await resolveUrl(decodedUrl, importer)
+        const [id, fragment] = decodedUrl.split('#')
+        let resolved = await resolveUrl(id, importer)
         if (resolved) {
+          if (fragment) resolved += '#' + fragment
           return fileToUrl(resolved, config, this)
         }
         if (config.command === 'build') {
diff --git a/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts b/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
index 6f193cc43cd9ca..f6ad1ed750c7f5 100644
--- a/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
@@ -358,6 +358,12 @@ describe('svg fragments', () => {
         : /svg#icon-heart-view$/,
     )
   })
+
+  test('url with an alias', async () => {
+    expect(await getBg('.icon-clock-alias')).toMatch(
+      /\.svg#icon-clock-view"\)$/,
+    )
+  })
 })
 
 test('Unknown extension assets import', async () => {
diff --git a/playground/assets/css/icons.css b/playground/assets/css/icons.css
index 248af58488a385..4ace08e6c2e943 100644
--- a/playground/assets/css/icons.css
+++ b/playground/assets/css/icons.css
@@ -20,3 +20,7 @@ img {
 .icon-arrow-right {
   background: url(../nested/fragment-bg.svg#icon-arrow-right-view) no-repeat;
 }
+
+.icon-clock-alias {
+  background: url('fragment#icon-clock-view') no-repeat;
+}
diff --git a/playground/assets/index.html b/playground/assets/index.html
index 2fd63f46f63960..dbb482229296c7 100644
--- a/playground/assets/index.html
+++ b/playground/assets/index.html
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ <h2>SVG Fragments via CSS background url</h2>
   <span class="icon icon-clock"></span>
   <span class="icon icon-heart"></span>
   <span class="icon icon-arrow-right"></span>
+  <span class="icon icon-clock-alias"></span>
 </div>
 
 <h2>SVG Fragments via JS Import</h2>
diff --git a/playground/assets/vite.config.js b/playground/assets/vite.config.js
index 94073d7aa70aa4..e0ba18d5e69567 100644
--- a/playground/assets/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/assets/vite.config.js
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   resolve: {
     alias: {
       '@': path.resolve(__dirname, 'nested'),
+      fragment: path.resolve(__dirname, 'nested/fragment-bg.svg'),
     },
   },
   assetsInclude: ['**/*.unknown'],