diff --git a/docs/guide/api-javascript.md b/docs/guide/api-javascript.md
index 1ff419058f2706..54b1dd0fa2be43 100644
--- a/docs/guide/api-javascript.md
+++ b/docs/guide/api-javascript.md
@@ -38,6 +38,41 @@ const __dirname = fileURLToPath(new URL('.', import.meta.url))
 When using `createServer` and `build` in the same Node.js process, both functions rely on `process.env.NODE_ENV` to work properly, which also depends on the `mode` config option. To prevent conflicting behavior, set `process.env.NODE_ENV` or the `mode` of the two APIs to `development`. Otherwise, you can spawn a child process to run the APIs separately.
 :::
 
+::: tip NOTE
+When using [middleware mode](/config/server-options.html#server-middlewaremode) combined with [proxy config for WebSocket](/config/server-options.html#server-proxy), the parent http server should be provided in `middlewareMode` to bind the proxy correctly.
+
+<details>
+<summary>Example</summary>
+
+```ts
+import http from 'http'
+import { createServer } from 'vite'
+
+const parentServer = http.createServer() // or express, koa, etc.
+
+const vite = await createServer({
+  server: {
+    // Enable middleware mode
+    middlewareMode: {
+      // Provide the parent http server for proxy WebSocket
+      server: parentServer,
+    },
+  },
+  proxy: {
+    '/ws': {
+      target: 'ws://localhost:3000',
+      // Proxying WebSocket
+      ws: true,
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+server.use(vite.middlewares)
+```
+
+</details>
+:::
+
 ## `InlineConfig`
 
 The `InlineConfig` interface extends `UserConfig` with additional properties:
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index 8620826f7674fc..8e4483659ff3e0 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { isDepsOptimizerEnabled, resolveConfig } from '../config'
 import {
   diffDnsOrderChange,
   isInNodeModules,
+  isObject,
   isParentDirectory,
   mergeConfig,
   normalizePath,
@@ -111,7 +112,16 @@ export interface ServerOptions extends CommonServerOptions {
    * Create Vite dev server to be used as a middleware in an existing server
    * @default false
    */
-  middlewareMode?: boolean
+  middlewareMode?:
+    | boolean
+    | {
+        /**
+         * Parent server instance to attach to
+         *
+         * This is needed to proxy WebSocket connections to the parent server.
+         */
+        server: http.Server
+      }
   /**
    * Options for files served via '/\@fs/'.
    */
@@ -691,7 +701,11 @@ export async function _createServer(
   // proxy
   const { proxy } = serverConfig
   if (proxy) {
-    middlewares.use(proxyMiddleware(httpServer, proxy, config))
+    const middlewareServer =
+      (isObject(serverConfig.middlewareMode)
+        ? serverConfig.middlewareMode.server
+        : null) || httpServer
+    middlewares.use(proxyMiddleware(middlewareServer, proxy, config))
   }
 
   // base