RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded when a .env file has environment variable with default values

[hgouveia]

Describe the bug

if you have a .env file in your project and this has environment variable with default values, you will get this error

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Unhandled Error ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded
    at RegExp.exec (<anonymous>)
    at file://test-app/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-e8f070e8.js:36830:54
    at Array.reduce (<anonymous>)
    at _interpolate (file://test-app/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-e8f070e8.js:36829:18)
    at file://test-app/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-e8f070e8.js:36863:15
    at Array.reduce (<anonymous>)
    at _interpolate (file://test-app/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-e8f070e8.js:36829:18)
    at file://test-app/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-e8f070e8.js:36863:15
    at Array.reduce (<anonymous>)
    at _interpolate (file://test-app/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-e8f070e8.js:36829:18)

this only happened to me in Linux and my ci with docker, this does not happen on windows (my main machine)

Reproduction

https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-brtwpg?file=.env

Steps to reproduce

• create a empty project npm init -y
• install vite
• create a .env file with this content

MY_SECRET=${MY_SECRET:-}

• run npx vite

System Info

System:
    OS: Linux 5.15 Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS 22.04.2 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
    CPU: (12) x64 AMD Ryzen 5 5600X 6-Core Processor
    Memory: 29.10 GB / 31.31 GB
    Container: Yes
    Shell: 5.1.16 - /bin/bash
  Binaries:
    Node: 18.16.0 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v18.16.0/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.19 - /mnt/d/programas/nodejs/yarn
    npm: 9.5.1 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v18.16.0/bin/npm
  npmPackages:
    vitest: ^0.31.2 => 0.31.2

Used Package Manager

npm

Logs

$ vite

  VITE v4.3.9  ready in 826 ms

  ➜  Local:   http://localhost:5173/
  ➜  Network: use --host to expose
  ➜  press h to show help
9:54:42 AM [vite] .env changed, restarting server...
9:54:42 AM [vite] server restarted.
9:54:49 AM [vite] .env changed, restarting server...
9:54:49 AM [vite] Maximum call stack size exceeded
9:54:49 AM [vite] server restart failed

Validations

• Follow our Code of Conduct
• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
• Read the docs.
• Check that there isn't already an issue that reports the same bug to avoid creating a duplicate.
• Make sure this is a Vite issue and not a framework-specific issue. For example, if it's a Vue SFC related bug, it should likely be reported to vuejs/core instead.
• Check that this is a concrete bug. For Q&A open a GitHub Discussion or join our Discord Chat Server.
• The provided reproduction is a minimal reproducible example of the bug.

[stackblitz]

Start a new pull request in StackBlitz Codeflow.

• vitejs-vite-brtwpg (Open reproduction)

[bluwy]

Seems like an upstream issue motdotla/dotenv-expand#98

[bluwy]

Closing this as there's not much we can do. When this is fixed upstream, we'll update the dotenv dependency.