diff --git a/vl-convert-python/pyproject.toml b/vl-convert-python/pyproject.toml
index 2f74398..5e6b4c8 100644
--- a/vl-convert-python/pyproject.toml
+++ b/vl-convert-python/pyproject.toml
@@ -13,3 +13,67 @@ classifiers = [
 
 [tool.maturin]
 sdist-include = ["*_thirdparty.*"]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py310"
+line-length = 88
+indent-width = 4
+exclude = []
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+quote-style = "double"
+indent-style = "space"
+skip-magic-trailing-comma = true
+line-ending = "lf"
+# https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/formatter/#docstring-formatting
+docstring-code-format = true
+docstring-code-line-length = 88
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+# https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/preview/
+preview = true
+
+# https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/settings/#lint_extend-safe-fixes
+extend-safe-fixes = [
+    # from __future__ import annotations #
+    # ---------------------------------- #
+    "UP006",
+    "UP007",
+    "UP008",
+    "TCH",
+    # unsorted-dunder-all
+    "RUF022",
+    # pydocstyle #
+    # ---------- #
+    # fits-on-one-line
+    "D200",
+    # escape-sequence-in-docstring
+    "D301",
+    # ends-in-period
+    "D400",
+]
+extend-select = [
+    "ANN",
+    "D",
+    "D213",
+    "D400",
+    "E",
+    "F",
+    "FA",
+    "I001",
+    "RUF",
+    "TCH",
+    "TID",
+    "UP",
+    "W", 
+]
+ignore = [
+    # indent-with-spaces
+    "D206",
+    # multi-line-summary-first-line ((D213) is the opposite of this)
+    "D212", 
+    # Line too long
+    "E501",
+]
+pydocstyle.convention = "numpy"
+isort.split-on-trailing-comma = false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vl-convert-python/vl_convert.pyi b/vl-convert-python/vl_convert.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ea9477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vl-convert-python/vl_convert.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any, Literal, TypeAlias
+
+    FormatLocaleName: TypeAlias = Literal[
+        "ar-001",
+        "ar-AE",
+        "ar-BH",
+        "ar-DJ",
+        "ar-DZ",
+        "ar-EG",
+        "ar-EH",
+        "ar-ER",
+        "ar-IL",
+        "ar-IQ",
+        "ar-JO",
+        "ar-KM",
+        "ar-KW",
+        "ar-LB",
+        "ar-LY",
+        "ar-MA",
+        "ar-MR",
+        "ar-OM",
+        "ar-PS",
+        "ar-QA",
+        "ar-SA",
+        "ar-SD",
+        "ar-SO",
+        "ar-SS",
+        "ar-SY",
+        "ar-TD",
+        "ar-TN",
+        "ar-YE",
+        "ca-ES",
+        "cs-CZ",
+        "da-DK",
+        "de-CH",
+        "de-DE",
+        "en-CA",
+        "en-GB",
+        "en-IE",
+        "en-IN",
+        "en-US",
+        "es-BO",
+        "es-ES",
+        "es-MX",
+        "fi-FI",
+        "fr-CA",
+        "fr-FR",
+        "he-IL",
+        "hu-HU",
+        "it-IT",
+        "ja-JP",
+        "ko-KR",
+        "mk-MK",
+        "nl-NL",
+        "pl-PL",
+        "pt-BR",
+        "pt-PT",
+        "ru-RU",
+        "sl-SI",
+        "sv-SE",
+        "uk-UA",
+        "zh-CN",
+    ]
+    TimeFormatLocaleName: TypeAlias = Literal[
+        "ar-EG",
+        "ar-SY",
+        "ca-ES",
+        "cs-CZ",
+        "da-DK",
+        "de-CH",
+        "de-DE",
+        "en-CA",
+        "en-GB",
+        "en-US",
+        "es-ES",
+        "es-MX",
+        "fa-IR",
+        "fi-FI",
+        "fr-CA",
+        "fr-FR",
+        "he-IL",
+        "hr-HR",
+        "hu-HU",
+        "it-IT",
+        "ja-JP",
+        "ko-KR",
+        "mk-MK",
+        "nb-NO",
+        "nl-BE",
+        "nl-NL",
+        "pl-PL",
+        "pt-BR",
+        "ru-RU",
+        "sv-SE",
+        "tr-TR",
+        "uk-UA",
+        "vi-VN",
+        "zh-CN",
+        "zh-TW",
+    ]
+    VegaThemes: TypeAlias = Literal[
+        "carbong10",
+        "carbong100",
+        "carbong90",
+        "carbonwhite",
+        "dark",
+        "excel",
+        "fivethirtyeight",
+        "ggplot2",
+        "googlecharts",
+        "latimes",
+        "powerbi",
+        "quartz",
+        "urbaninstitute",
+        "vox",
+    ]
+    Renderer: TypeAlias = Literal["canvas", "hybrid", "svg"]
+    FormatLocale: TypeAlias = FormatLocaleName | dict[str, Any]
+    TimeFormatLocale: TypeAlias = TimeFormatLocaleName | dict[str, Any]
+    VlSpec: TypeAlias = str | dict[str, Any]
+
+__all__ = [
+    "get_format_locale",
+    "get_local_tz",
+    "get_themes",
+    "get_time_format_locale",
+    "javascript_bundle",
+    "register_font_directory",
+    "svg_to_jpeg",
+    "svg_to_pdf",
+    "svg_to_png",
+    "vega_to_html",
+    "vega_to_jpeg",
+    "vega_to_pdf",
+    "vega_to_png",
+    "vega_to_scenegraph",
+    "vega_to_svg",
+    "vega_to_url",
+    "vegalite_to_html",
+    "vegalite_to_jpeg",
+    "vegalite_to_pdf",
+    "vegalite_to_png",
+    "vegalite_to_scenegraph",
+    "vegalite_to_svg",
+    "vegalite_to_url",
+    "vegalite_to_vega",
+]
+
+def get_format_locale(name: FormatLocaleName) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Get the d3-format locale dict for a named locale.
+
+    See https://github.com/d3/d3-format/tree/main/locale for available names
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name
+        d3-format locale name (e.g. 'it-IT')
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    d3-format locale dict
+    """
+    ...
+
+def get_local_tz() -> str | None:
+    """
+    Get the named local timezone that Vega uses to perform timezone calculations.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Named local timezone (e.g. "America/New_York"), or None if the local timezone
+    cannot be determined.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def get_themes() -> dict[VegaThemes, dict[str, Any]]:
+    """
+    Get the config dict for each built-in theme.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict from theme name to config object.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def get_time_format_locale(name: TimeFormatLocaleName) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Get the d3-time-format locale dict for a named locale.
+
+    See https://github.com/d3/d3-time-format/tree/main/locale for available names
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name
+        d3-time-format locale name (e.g. 'it-IT')
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    d3-time-format locale dict.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def javascript_bundle(snippet: str, vl_version: str | None) -> str:
+    """
+    Create a JavaScript bundle containing the Vega Embed, Vega-Lite, and Vega libraries.
+
+    Optionally, a JavaScript snippet may be provided that references Vega Embed
+    as `vegaEmbed`, Vega-Lite as `vegaLite`, Vega and `vega`, and the lodash.debounce
+    function as `lodashDebounce`.
+
+    The resulting string will include these JavaScript libraries and all of their
+    dependencies.
+    This bundle result is suitable for inclusion in an HTML <script> tag with
+    no external dependencies required.
+    The default snippet assigns `vegaEmbed`, `vegaLite`, and `vega` to the global
+    window object, making them available globally to other script tags.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    snippet
+        An ES6 JavaScript snippet which includes no imports
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15') (default to latest)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Bundled snippet with all dependencies.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def register_font_directory(font_dir: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Register a directory of fonts for use in subsequent conversions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    font_dir
+        Absolute path to a directory containing font files
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PNG image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def svg_to_jpeg(svg: str, scale: float, quality: int | None) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert an SVG image string to JPEG image data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    svg
+        SVG image string
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    quality
+        JPEG Quality between 0 (worst) and 100 (best). Default 90
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    JPEG image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def svg_to_pdf(svg: str, scale: float) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert an SVG image string to PDF document data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    svg
+        SVG image string
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PDF document data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def svg_to_png(svg: str, scale: float, ppi: float | None) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert an SVG image string to PNG image data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    svg
+        SVG image string
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    ppi
+        Pixels per inch (default 72)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PNG image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vega_to_html(
+    vg_spec: VlSpec,
+    bundle: bool | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+    renderer: Renderer | None,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega spec to a self-contained HTML document.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vg_spec
+        Vega JSON specification string or dict
+    bundle
+        If True, bundle all dependencies in HTML file.
+        If False (default), HTML file will load dependencies from only CDN
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+    renderer
+        Vega renderer. One of 'svg' (default), 'canvas',
+        or 'hybrid' (where text is svg and other marks are canvas)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    HTML document.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vega_to_jpeg(
+    vg_spec: VlSpec,
+    scale: float,
+    quality: int | None,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega spec to JPEG image data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vg_spec
+        Vega JSON specification string or dict
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    quality
+        JPEG Quality between 0 (worst) and 100 (best). Default 90
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    JPEG image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vega_to_pdf(
+    vg_spec: VlSpec,
+    scale: float,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega spec to PDF format.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vg_spec
+        Vega JSON specification string or dict
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PDF file bytes.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vega_to_png(
+    vg_spec: VlSpec,
+    scale: float,
+    ppi: float | None,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega spec to PNG image data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vg_spec
+        Vega JSON specification string or dict
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    ppi
+        Pixels per inch (default 72)
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PNG image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vega_to_scenegraph(
+    vg_spec: VlSpec,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega spec to a Vega Scenegraph.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vg_spec
+        Vega JSON specification string or dict
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    scenegraph.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vega_to_svg(
+    vg_spec: VlSpec,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega spec to an SVG image string.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vg_spec
+        Vega JSON specification string or dict
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    SVG image string.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vega_to_url(vg_spec: VlSpec, fullscreen: bool | None) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega spec to a URL that opens the chart in the Vega editor.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vg_spec
+        Vega JSON specification string or dict
+    fullscreen
+        Whether to open the chart in full screen in the editor
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    URL string.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_html(
+    vl_spec: VlSpec,
+    vl_version: str | None,
+    bundle: bool | None,
+    config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    theme: VegaThemes | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+    renderer: Renderer | None,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to self-contained HTML document using a particular version of the Vega-Lite JavaScript library.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15')
+        (default to latest)
+    bundle
+        If True, bundle all dependencies in HTML file
+        If False (default), HTML file will load dependencies from only CDN
+    config
+        Chart configuration object to apply during conversion
+    theme
+        Named theme (e.g. "dark") to apply during conversion
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+    renderer
+        Vega renderer. One of 'svg' (default), 'canvas',
+        or 'hybrid' (where text is svg and other marks are canvas)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    HTML document.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_jpeg(
+    vl_spec: VlSpec,
+    vl_version: str | None,
+    scale: float,
+    quality: int | None,
+    config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    theme: VegaThemes | None,
+    show_warnings: bool | None,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to JPEG image data using a particular version of the Vega-Lite JavaScript library.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15')
+        (default to latest)
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    quality
+        JPEG Quality between 0 (worst) and 100 (best). Default 90
+    config
+        Chart configuration object to apply during conversion
+    theme
+        Named theme (e.g. "dark") to apply during conversion
+    show_warnings
+        Whether to print Vega-Lite compilation warnings (default false)
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    JPEG image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_pdf(
+    vl_spec: VlSpec,
+    vl_version: str | None,
+    scale: float,
+    config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    theme: VegaThemes | None,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to PDF image data using a particular version of the Vega-Lite JavaScript library.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15')
+        (default to latest)
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    config
+        Chart configuration object to apply during conversion
+    theme
+        Named theme (e.g. "dark") to apply during conversion
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PDF image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_png(
+    vl_spec: VlSpec,
+    vl_version: str | None,
+    scale: float,
+    ppi: float | None,
+    config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    theme: VegaThemes | None,
+    show_warnings: bool | None,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to PNG image data using a particular version of the Vega-Lite JavaScript library.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15')
+        (default to latest)
+    scale
+        Image scale factor (default 1.0)
+    ppi
+        Pixels per inch (default 72)
+    config
+        Chart configuration object to apply during conversion
+    theme
+        Named theme (e.g. "dark") to apply during conversion
+    show_warnings
+        Whether to print Vega-Lite compilation warnings (default false)
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PNG image data.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_scenegraph(
+    vl_spec: VlSpec,
+    vl_version: str | None,
+    config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    theme: VegaThemes | None,
+    show_warnings: bool | None,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to a Vega Scenegraph using a particular version of the Vega-Lite JavaScript library.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15')
+        (default to latest)
+    config
+        Chart configuration object to apply during conversion
+    theme
+        Named theme (e.g. "dark") to apply during conversion
+    show_warnings
+        Whether to print Vega-Lite compilation warnings (default false)
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    SVG image string.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_svg(
+    vl_spec: VlSpec,
+    vl_version: str | None,
+    config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    theme: VegaThemes | None,
+    show_warnings: bool | None,
+    allowed_base_urls: list[str] | None,
+    format_locale: FormatLocale | None,
+    time_format_locale: TimeFormatLocale | None,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to an SVG image string using a particular version of the Vega-Lite JavaScript library.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15')
+        (default to latest)
+    config
+        Chart configuration object to apply during conversion
+    theme
+        Named theme (e.g. "dark") to apply during conversion
+    show_warnings
+        Whether to print Vega-Lite compilation warnings (default false)
+    allowed_base_urls
+        List of allowed base URLs for external data requests.
+        Default allows any base URL
+    format_locale
+        d3-format locale name or dictionary
+    time_format_locale
+        d3-time-format locale name or dictionary
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    SVG image string.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_url(vl_spec: VlSpec, fullscreen: bool | None) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to a URL that opens the chart in the Vega editor.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    fullscreen
+        Whether to open the chart in full screen in the editor
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    URL string.
+    """
+    ...
+
+def vegalite_to_vega(
+    vl_spec: VlSpec,
+    vl_version: str | None,
+    config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    theme: VegaThemes | None,
+    show_warnings: bool | None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Convert a Vega-Lite spec to a Vega spec using a particular version of the Vega-Lite JavaScript library.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vl_spec
+        Vega-Lite JSON specification string or dict
+    vl_version
+        Vega-Lite library version string (e.g. 'v5.15')
+        (default to latest)
+    config
+        Chart configuration object to apply during conversion
+    theme
+        Named theme (e.g. "dark") to apply during conversion
+    show_warnings
+        Whether to print Vega-Lite compilation warnings (default false)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Vega JSON specification dict.
+    """
+    ...