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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" />
<title>PDR: Tutorial 1: Introduction to UNIX: VirtualBox Use</title>
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<body>
<h1 id="pdr-tutorial-1-introduction-to-unix-virtualbox-use">PDR:
Tutorial 1: Introduction to UNIX: VirtualBox Use</h1>
<p><a href="index.html">Go up to the main tutorial 1 page</a></p>
<p>VirtualBox is a free program that allows you to run another operating
system on your machine without needing to reinstall anything. You just
have to install the VirtualBox client, which installs like any other
program and is available for many different platforms (Windows, macOS,
Linux). We provide you with a pre-configured VirtualBox image that
contains an Ubuntu Linux installation that you can use for this
course.</p>
<h3 id="emulating-64-bit">Emulating 64-bit</h3>
<p>When stepping through the steps below, you need to select 64-bit
Linux/Ubuntu, and <strong>NOT</strong> 32-bit. If the <em>only</em>
options that appear at that step are 32-bit OSes, then you need to
enable your computer to emulate 64-bit OSes. Two of these things are
done in the BIOS (hit delete, F1, or F10 when your computer starts).
Because everybody’s BIOS is different, we cannot provide specific
instructions as to which exact steps to take. However, you need to
enable the following two features in the BIOS:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Intel Virtualization Technology</li>
<li>VT-d</li>
</ol>
<p>In addition, if you are using a Windows machine, you will need
Hyper-V disabled in the “Turn Windows Features on and off” menu. You can
get to it by searching for that quoted text in the start menu.</p>
<h3 id="quick-start">Quick start</h3>
<ul>
<li>A bit of terminology: the ‘host’ machine is the physical computer
(laptop, desktop, etc.) that you are using. The ‘guest’ machine is the
virtual machine that is running in VirtualBox, and is often just called
the ‘guest operating system’.
<ul>
<li>You are welcome to try this on a netbook host machine, but the
computing power of a netbook may not be enough</li>
</ul></li>
<li>You will need to install the VirtualBox client. It can be downloaded
for free from <a href="https://www.virtualbox.org/">here</a> and runs on
most operating systems.
<ul>
<li>Under Linux, I installed the ‘virtualbox-ose-qt’ package (the name
of yours might be different), but if you are running Linux already, you
won’t need to install a virtual machine running Linux…</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Download the provided VirtualBox image, the link to which is posted
on the Collab workspace landing age. You will need to unzip this file
before using it.
<ul>
<li>This file to download is rather large (about 2.8 Gb), so you may
want to try downloading it during off hours, such as late at night. If
you have problems downloading it, let us know. If you do not have
sufficient bandwidth to download it, please see us after lecture, and we
will provide it on a different media for you.</li>
<li>Unzip this file; it will take up about 9.8 Gb on your machine. Once
uncompressed, you can delete the .zip file that you downloaded.
<ul>
<li>Your unzip program may complain about needing some insane amount of
space (like 700 petabytes, where a petabyte is 1,000 terabytes); this is
a bug in many unzip programs. Try <a
href="https://www.7-zip.org/">7-zip</a>, which has had more
success.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li>Run VirtualBox, and import the image:
<ul>
<li>To do that, click on ‘New’, and choose the right OS type/version
(“Linux”/“Ubuntu (64 bit)” – don’t choose the 32 bit version!). Give it
a name to help differentiate it from other virtual machines that you may
end up using in later classes.</li>
<li>Stay with the default memory amount (you can change it later). You
don’t want to use less than 2048 Mb (2 Gb) – it will not really be
usable with less than that. For a reasonable speed, you will want more –
3072 Mb (3 Gb) or even 4096 (4 Gb), if your computer has it. In any
case, you probably shouldn’t dedicate more than half of your host
computer’s memory to the VirtualBox image. You can always change this
later, as mentioned (right-click on the icon for the machine when
VirtualBox starts up, and click on Settings).</li>
<li>At the ‘Hard drive’ screen select ‘use an existing virtual hard
drive file’, and click the folder icon to the right of the drop-down
list. You want to use the file you unzipped above.</li>
<li>That should be it for the Wizard</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Boot the machine (click the Start icon at the top - it’s a green
rightward pointing arrow). You may notice some display artifacts during
boot-up as the virtual machine changes video modes, but that will
stabilize once booting has completed.</li>
<li>The login is ‘student’ (although you’ll probably click on the ‘L33t
Hax0r’ button on the login screen), and the password is ‘password’.
<ul>
<li>The documentation is available online in either <a
href="https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html">HTML format</a>
or <a
href="https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/UserManual.pdf">PDF
format</a>, although most of the salient details are listed on this
page.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="notes">Notes</h3>
<ul>
<li>No root password is set (you can use <code>sudo</code> instead); to
change the root password, run <code>sudo passwd</code>.</li>
<li>The ‘host key’ is defined by your host machine’s operating system
(it’s the right control button on Windows, for example). This key is
used for a number of contexts, including un-capturing the mouse. To have
VirtualBox warn you about what the host key is, you can reset all
warnings via the VirtualBox help menu, and it will warn you about this
at boot-up. It may also be listed in the lower-right of the VirtualBox
window.</li>
<li>We did not always install the latest version of Ubuntu, but instead
usually prefer a Long-Term Support (LTS) version. The difference is that
the LTS versions are supported for far longer (3 years or so) than the
non-LTS versions (which are only supported for a year or so). For this
class, there won’t be a noticable difference between the LTS version and
any newer versions of Ubuntu.</li>
<li>Sound and network should work automatically, as the VirtualBox
program will connect those to your host machine’s sound and network
device drivers.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="how-tos">How-Tos</h3>
<ul>
<li>To open a terminal: it’s towards the bottom of the menu on the
left-hand launcher column.</li>
<li>To load emacs: it’s also in the menu on the left-hand launcher
column, right above the terminal launcher icon</li>
<li>To change the password: when logged in, you enter the ‘passwd’
command from a terminal window. You should do this. The original
password is ‘password’.</li>
<li>To toggle between full-screen and windowed mode, click on the host
key and ‘f’. Don’t know what the host key is? Read the bullet point
about this in the ‘Notes’ section, above.</li>
<li>To change the screen resolution: from the top menu bar, click on the
circular power button icon on the far right, and select ‘Displays’. Note
that there are not many resolutions available, but you can use
full-screen mode which will change the resolution to your host machine’s
resolution.</li>
<li>To set up printing: it’s probably easiest to print to a PDF,
transfer that file to your host machine (see below), and print from your
host machine.</li>
<li>Load up a file manager (like Windows Explorer): from the ‘Places’
menu (upper-left of the screen), select ‘Home Folder’</li>
<li>Make emacs show one screen (and not be a split-screen): press
control-x then press ‘1’ (this should not be necessary, by the way)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="transferring-files-back-and-forth">Transferring files back and
forth</h3>
<p>The easiest solution may be the last one listed here, but read
through all of these before you start on any of them.</p>
<p>One option is to set up an e-mail client (or use a web browser -
Google Chrome is installed, and the icon is on the bottom menu bar) and
e-mail your files back and forth. Or use an online file server.</p>
<p>You can also set up ‘shared folders’ to directly read and write files
back and forth. To do so, see <a
href="https://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-access-windows-host-shared-folders-from-ubuntu-guest-in-virtualbox.html">here</a>.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com">Dropbox</a> may be the easiest way
to sync files between your virtual machine and your host machine. To
install, see the instructions toward the bottom of the <a
href="vb-image-details.html">Virtual Box Image Creation Details</a> (<a
href="vb-image-details.md">md</a>) page.</p>
<h3 id="image-creation-details">Image creation details</h3>
<p><a href="vb-image-details.html">Here</a> (<a
href="vb-image-details.md">md</a>) are the details of how the image was
created. That page lists a number of installation options. The only
sections needed for this course are the <a
href="vb-image-details.md#basic">Basic Installation</a> (<a
href="vb-image-details.html#basic">html</a>), and the <a
href="vb-image-details.md#development">Development Installation</a> (<a
href="vb-image-details.html#development">html</a>). The Development
Installation has three sections, and only the first is needed for this
course; however, the image has the other two sections configured as well
(they are used for <a
href="https://aaronbloomfield.github.io/slp">another course</a>). In
addition, the Image Finalization part of the <a
href="vb-image-details.md#completion">Image Completion</a> (<a
href="vb-image-details.html#completion">html</a>) section was done on
the image, although that is not necessary if one is installing this on
their own machine.</p>
</body>
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