unique_search_results_31_12_2023.jsonl

{
   "bose-etal-2023-detoxifying": {
      "abstract": "The expression of opinions, stances, and moral foundations on social media often coincide with toxic, divisive, or inflammatory language that can make constructive discourse across communities difficult. Natural language generation methods could provide a means to reframe or reword such expressions in a way that fosters more civil discourse, yet current Large Language Model (LLM) methods tend towards language that is too generic or formal to seem authentic for social media discussions. We present preliminary work on training LLMs to maintain authenticity while presenting a community{'}s ideas and values in a constructive, non-toxic manner.",
      "pages": "9--14",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.sicon-1.2",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.sicon-1.2",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social Influence in Conversations (SICon 2023)",
      "editor": "Chawla, Kushal  and\nShi, Weiyan",
      "author": "Bose, Ritwik  and\nPerera, Ian  and\nDorr, Bonnie",
      "title": "Detoxifying Online Discourse: A Guided Response Generation Approach for Reducing Toxicity in User-Generated Text",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "bose-etal-2023-detoxifying",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "paulissen-wendt-2023-lauri": {
      "abstract": "Identifying expressions of human values in textual data is a crucial albeit complicated challenge, not least because ethics are highly variable, often implicit, and transcend circumstance. Opinions, arguments, and the like are generally founded upon more than one guiding principle, which are not necessarily independent. As such, little is known about how to classify and predict moral undertones in natural language sequences. Here, we describe and present a solution to ValueEval, our shared contribution to SemEval 2023 Task 4. Our research design focuses on investigating chain classifier architectures with pretrained contextualized embeddings to detect 20 different human values in written arguments. We show that our best model substantially surpasses the classification performance of the baseline method established in prior work. We discuss limitations to our approach and outline promising directions for future work.",
      "pages": "193--198",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.semeval-1.27",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.semeval-1.27",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2023)",
      "editor": "Ojha, Atul Kr.  and\nDo{\\u{g}}ru{\\\"o}z, A. Seza  and\nDa San Martino, Giovanni  and\nTayyar Madabushi, Harish  and\nKumar, Ritesh  and\nSartori, Elisa",
      "author": "Paulissen, Spencer  and\nWendt, Caroline",
      "title": "Lauri Ingman at SemEval-2023 Task 4: A Chain Classifier for Identifying Human Values behind Arguments",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "paulissen-wendt-2023-lauri",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "sanchez-rada-etal-2023-sliwc": {
      "pages": "617--626",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.ldk-1.67",
      "publisher": "NOVA CLUNL, Portugal",
      "address": "Vienna, Austria",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "September",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge",
      "editor": "Carvalho, Sara  and\nKhan, Anas Fahad  and\nAni{\\'c}, Ana Ostro{\\v{s}}ki  and\nSpahiu, Blerina  and\nGracia, Jorge  and\nMcCrae, John P.  and\nGromann, Dagmar  and\nHeinisch, Barbara  and\nSalgado, Ana",
      "author": "S{\\'a}nchez-Rada, J. Fernando  and\nAraque, Oscar  and\nGarc{\\'\\i}a-Grao, Guillermo  and\nIglesias, Carlos {\\'A}.",
      "title": "SLIWC, Morality, NarrOnt and Senpy Annotations: four vocabularies to fight radicalization",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "sanchez-rada-etal-2023-sliwc",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "abercrombie-etal-2023-temporal": {
      "abstract": "Much work in natural language processing (NLP) relies on human annotation. The majority of this implicitly assumes that annotator{'}s labels are temporally stable, although the reality is that human judgements are rarely consistent over time. As a subjective annotation task, hate speech labels depend on annotator{'}s emotional and moral reactions to the language used to convey the message. Studies in Cognitive Science reveal a {`}foreign language effect{'}, whereby people take differing moral positions and perceive offensive phrases to be weaker in their second languages. Does this affect annotations as well? We conduct an experiment to investigate the impacts of (1) time and (2) different language conditions (English and German) on measurements of intra-annotator agreement in a hate speech labelling task. While we do not observe the expected lower stability in the different language condition, we find that overall agreement is significantly lower than is implicitly assumed in annotation tasks, which has important implications for dataset reproducibility in NLP.",
      "pages": "96--103",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.law-1.10",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.law-1.10",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 17th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-XVII)",
      "editor": "Prange, Jakob  and\nFriedrich, Annemarie",
      "author": "Abercrombie, Gavin  and\nHovy, Dirk  and\nPrabhakaran, Vinodkumar",
      "title": "Temporal and Second Language Influence on Intra-Annotator Agreement and Stability in Hate Speech Labelling",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "abercrombie-etal-2023-temporal",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "feyen-etal-2023-pragmatic": {
      "abstract": "The annotation task we elaborated aims at describing the contextual factors that influence the appearance and interpretation of moral predicates, in newspaper articles on police brutality, in French and in English. The paper provides a brief review of the literature on moral predicates and their relation with context. The paper also describes the elaboration of the corpus and the ontology. Our hypothesis is that the use of moral adjectives and their appearance in context could change depending on the political orientation of the journal. We elaborated an annotation task to investigate the precise contexts discussed in articles on police brutality. The paper concludes by describing the study and the annotation task in details.",
      "pages": "146--153",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.law-1.15",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.law-1.15",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 17th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-XVII)",
      "editor": "Prange, Jakob  and\nFriedrich, Annemarie",
      "author": "Feyen, Tess  and\nMari, Alda  and\nPortner, Paul",
      "title": "Pragmatic Annotation of Articles Related to Police Brutality",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "feyen-etal-2023-pragmatic",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "upadhyaya-etal-2023-toxicity": {
      "abstract": "In this work, we focus on the task of determining the public attitude toward various social issues discussed on social media platforms. Platforms such as Twitter, however, are often used to spread misinformation, fake news through polarizing views. Existing literature suggests that higher levels of toxicity prevalent in Twitter conversations often spread negativity and delay addressing issues. Further, the embedded moral values and speech acts specifying the intention of the tweet correlate with public opinions expressed on various topics. However, previous works, which mainly focus on stance detection, either ignore the speech act, toxic, and moral features of these tweets that can collectively help capture public opinion or lack an efficient architecture that can detect the attitudes across targets. Therefore, in our work, we focus on the main task of stance detection by exploiting the toxicity, morality, and speech act as auxiliary tasks. We propose a multitasking model TWISTED that initially extracts the valence, arousal, and dominance aspects hidden in the tweets and injects the emotional sense into the embedded text followed by an efficient attention framework to correctly detect the tweet{'}s stance by using the shared features of toxicity, morality, and speech acts present in the tweet. Extensive experiments conducted on 4 benchmark stance detection datasets (SemEval-2016, P-Stance, COVID19-Stance, and ClimateChange) comprising different domains demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of our approach.",
      "pages": "4464--4478",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.295",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.295",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Upadhyaya, Apoorva  and\nFisichella, Marco  and\nNejdl, Wolfgang",
      "title": "Toxicity, Morality, and Speech Act Guided Stance Detection",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "upadhyaya-etal-2023-toxicity",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "vida-etal-2023-values": {
      "abstract": "With language technology increasingly affecting individuals{'} lives, many recent works have investigated the ethical aspects of NLP. Among other topics, researchers focused on the notion of morality, investigating, for example, which moral judgements language models make. However, there has been little to no discussion of the terminology and the theories underpinning those efforts and their implications. This lack is highly problematic, as it hides the works{'} underlying assumptions and hinders a thorough and targeted scientific debate of morality in NLP. In this work, we address this research gap by (a) providing an overview of some important ethical concepts stemming from philosophy and (b) systematically surveying the existing literature on moral NLP w.r.t. their philosophical foundation, terminology, and data basis. For instance, we analyse what ethical theory an approach is based on, how this decision is justified, and what implications it entails. Our findings surveying 92 papers show that, for instance, most papers neither provide a clear definition of the terms they use nor adhere to definitions from philosophy. Finally, (c) we give three recommendations for future research in the field. We hope our work will lead to a more informed, careful, and sound discussion of morality in language technology.",
      "pages": "5534--5554",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.368",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.368",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Vida, Karina  and\nSimon, Judith  and\nLauscher, Anne",
      "title": "Values, Ethics, Morals? On the Use of Moral Concepts in NLP Research",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "vida-etal-2023-values",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "rao-etal-2023-makes": {
      "abstract": "Moral or ethical judgments rely heavily on the specific contexts in which they occur. Understanding varying shades of defeasible contextualizations (i.e., additional information that strengthens or attenuates the moral acceptability of an action) is critical to accurately represent the subtlety and intricacy of grounded human moral judgment in real-life scenarios. We introduce defeasible moral reasoning: a task to provide grounded contexts that make an action more or less morally acceptable, along with commonsense rationales that justify the reasoning. To elicit high-quality task data, we take an iterative self-distillation approach that starts from a small amount of unstructured seed knowledge from GPT-3 and then alternates between (1) self-distillation from student models; (2) targeted filtering with a critic model trained by human judgment (to boost validity) and NLI (to boost diversity); (3) self-imitation learning (to amplify the desired data quality). This process yields a student model that produces defeasible contexts with improved validity, diversity, and defeasibility. From this model we distill a high-quality dataset, $\\delta$-Rules-of-Thumb, of 1.2M entries of contextualizations and rationales for 115K defeasible moral actions rated highly by human annotators 85.9{\\%} to 99.8{\\%} of the time. Using $\\delta$-RoT we obtain a final student model that wins over all intermediate student models by a notable margin.",
      "pages": "12140--12159",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.812",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.812",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Rao, Kavel  and\nJiang, Liwei  and\nPyatkin, Valentina  and\nGu, Yuling  and\nTandon, Niket  and\nDziri, Nouha  and\nBrahman, Faeze  and\nChoi, Yejin",
      "title": "What Makes it Ok to Set a Fire? Iterative Self-distillation of Contexts and Rationales for Disambiguating Defeasible Social and Moral Situations",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "rao-etal-2023-makes",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "rao-etal-2023-ethical": {
      "abstract": "In this position paper, we argue that instead of morally aligning LLMs to specific set of ethical principles, we should infuse generic ethical reasoning capabilities into them so that they can handle value pluralism at a global scale. When provided with an ethical policy, an LLM should be capable of making decisions that are ethically consistent to the policy. We develop a framework that integrates moral dilemmas with moral principles pertaining to different foramlisms of normative ethics, and at different levels of abstractions. Initial experiments with GPT-x models shows that while GPT-4 is a nearly perfect ethical reasoner, the models still have bias towards the moral values of Western and English speaking societies.",
      "pages": "13370--13388",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.892",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.892",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Rao, Abhinav  and\nKhandelwal, Aditi  and\nTanmay, Kumar  and\nAgarwal, Utkarsh  and\nChoudhury, Monojit",
      "title": "Ethical Reasoning over Moral Alignment: A Case and Framework for In-Context Ethical Policies in LLMs",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "rao-etal-2023-ethical",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "haemmerl-etal-2023-speaking": {
      "abstract": "Pre-trained multilingual language models (PMLMs) are commonly used when dealing with data from multiple languages and cross-lingual transfer. However, PMLMs are trained on varying amounts of data for each language. In practice this means their performance is often much better on English than many other languages. We explore to what extent this also applies to moral norms. Do the models capture moral norms from English and impose them on other languages? Do the models exhibit random and thus potentially harmful beliefs in certain languages? Both these issues could negatively impact cross-lingual transfer and potentially lead to harmful outcomes. In this paper, we (1) apply the MORALDIRECTION framework to multilingual models, comparing results in German, Czech, Arabic, Chinese, and English, (2) analyse model behaviour on filtered parallel subtitles corpora, and (3) apply the models to a Moral Foundations Questionnaire, comparing with human responses from different countries. Our experiments demonstrate that, indeed, PMLMs encode differing moral biases, but these do not necessarily correspond to cultural differences or commonalities in human opinions. We release our code and models.",
      "pages": "2137--2156",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.134",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-acl.134",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023",
      "editor": "Rogers, Anna  and\nBoyd-Graber, Jordan  and\nOkazaki, Naoaki",
      "author": "Haemmerl, Katharina  and\nDeiseroth, Bjoern  and\nSchramowski, Patrick  and\nLibovick{\\'y}, Jind{\\v{r}}ich  and\nRothkopf, Constantin  and\nFraser, Alexander  and\nKersting, Kristian",
      "title": "Speaking Multiple Languages Affects the Moral Bias of Language Models",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "haemmerl-etal-2023-speaking",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "wang-etal-2023-t2iat": {
      "abstract": "*Warning: This paper contains several contents that may be toxic, harmful, or offensive.*In the last few years, text-to-image generative models have gained remarkable success in generating images with unprecedented quality accompanied by a breakthrough of inference speed. Despite their rapid progress, human biases that manifest in the training examples, particularly with regard to common stereotypical biases, like gender and skin tone, still have been found in these generative models. In this work, we seek to measure more complex human biases exist in the task of text-to-image generations. Inspired by the well-known Implicit Association Test (IAT) from social psychology, we propose a novel Text-to-Image Association Test (T2IAT) framework that quantifies the implicit stereotypes between concepts and valence, and those in the images. We replicate the previously documented bias tests on generative models, including morally neutral tests on flowers and insects as well as demographic stereotypical tests on diverse social attributes. The results of these experiments demonstrate the presence of complex stereotypical behaviors in image generations.",
      "pages": "2560--2574",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.160",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-acl.160",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023",
      "editor": "Rogers, Anna  and\nBoyd-Graber, Jordan  and\nOkazaki, Naoaki",
      "author": "Wang, Jialu  and\nLiu, Xinyue  and\nDi, Zonglin  and\nLiu, Yang  and\nWang, Xin",
      "title": "T2IAT: Measuring Valence and Stereotypical Biases in Text-to-Image Generation",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "wang-etal-2023-t2iat",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "sun-etal-2023-decoding": {
      "abstract": "Automatic response forecasting for news media plays a crucial role in enabling content producers to efficiently predict the impact of news releases and prevent unexpected negative outcomes such as social conflict and moral injury. To effectively forecast responses, it is essential to develop measures that leverage the social dynamics and contextual information surrounding individuals, especially in cases where explicit profiles or historical actions of the users are limited (referred to as lurkers). As shown in a previous study, 97{\\%} of all tweets are produced by only the most active 25{\\%} of users. However, existing approaches have limited exploration of how to best process and utilize these important features. To address this gap, we propose a novel framework, named SocialSense, that leverages a large language model to induce a belief-centered graph on top of an existent social network, along with graph-based propagation to capture social dynamics. We hypothesize that the induced graph that bridges the gap between distant users who share similar beliefs allows the model to effectively capture the response patterns. Our method surpasses existing state-of-the-art in experimental evaluations for both zero-shot and supervised settings, demonstrating its effectiveness in response forecasting. Moreover, the analysis reveals the framework{'}s capability to effectively handle unseen user and lurker scenarios, further highlighting its robustness and practical applicability.",
      "pages": "43--57",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.4",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.4",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Sun, Chenkai  and\nLi, Jinning  and\nFung, Yi  and\nChan, Hou  and\nAbdelzaher, Tarek  and\nZhai, ChengXiang  and\nJi, Heng",
      "title": "Decoding the Silent Majority: Inducing Belief Augmented Social Graph with Large Language Model for Response Forecasting",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "sun-etal-2023-decoding",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "wu-etal-2023-cross": {
      "abstract": "Folk tales are strong cultural and social influences in children{'}s lives, and they are known to teach morals and values. However, existing studies on folk tales are largely limited to European tales. In our study, we compile a large corpus of over 1,900 tales originating from 27 diverse cultures across six continents. Using a range of lexicons and correlation analyses, we examine how human values, morals, and gender biases are expressed in folk tales across cultures. We discover differences between cultures in prevalent values and morals, as well as cross-cultural trends in problematic gender biases. Furthermore, we find trends of reduced value expression when examining public-domain fiction stories, extrinsically validate our analyses against the multicultural Schwartz Survey of Cultural Values and the Global Gender Gap Report, and find traditional gender biases associated with values, morals, and agency. This large-scale cross-cultural study of folk tales paves the way towards future studies on how literature influences and reflects cultural norms.",
      "pages": "5113--5125",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.311",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.311",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Wu, Winston  and\nWang, Lu  and\nMihalcea, Rada",
      "title": "Cross-Cultural Analysis of Human Values, Morals, and Biases in Folk Tales",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "wu-etal-2023-cross",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "shen-etal-2023-modeling": {
      "abstract": "The most meaningful connections between people are often fostered through expression of shared vulnerability and emotional experiences in personal narratives. We introduce a new task of identifying similarity in personal stories based on empathic resonance, i.e., the extent to which two people empathize with each others{'} experiences, as opposed to raw semantic or lexical similarity, as has predominantly been studied in NLP. Using insights from social psychology, we craft a framework that operationalizes empathic similarity in terms of three key features of stories: main events, emotional trajectories, and overall morals or takeaways. We create EmpathicStories, a dataset of 1,500 personal stories annotated with our empathic similarity features, and 2,000 pairs of stories annotated with empathic similarity scores. Using our dataset, we fine-tune a model to compute empathic similarity of story pairs, and show that this outperforms semantic similarity models on automated correlation and retrieval metrics. Through a user study with 150 participants, we also assess the effect our model has on retrieving stories that users empathize with, compared to naive semantic similarity-based retrieval, and find that participants empathized significantly more with stories retrieved by our model. Our work has strong implications for the use of empathy-aware models to foster human connection and empathy between people.",
      "pages": "6237--6252",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.383",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.383",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Shen, Jocelyn  and\nSap, Maarten  and\nColon-Hernandez, Pedro  and\nPark, Hae  and\nBreazeal, Cynthia",
      "title": "Modeling Empathic Similarity in Personal Narratives",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "shen-etal-2023-modeling",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "wagner-etal-2023-event": {
      "abstract": "This work focuses on the spatial dimension of narrative understanding and presents the task of event-location tracking in narrative texts. The task intends to extract the sequence of locations where the narrative is set through its progression. We present several architectures for the task that seeks to model the global structure of the sequence, with varying levels of context awareness. We compare these methods to several baselines, including the use of strong methods applied over narrow contexts. We also develop methods for the generation of location embeddings and show that learning to predict a sequence of continuous embeddings, rather than a string of locations, is advantageous in terms of performance. We focus on the test case of Holocaust survivor testimonies. We argue for the moral and historical importance of studying this dataset in computational means and that it provides a unique case of a large set of narratives with a relatively restricted set of location trajectories. Our results show that models that are aware of the larger context of the narrative can generate more accurate location chains. We further corroborate the effectiveness of our methods by showing similar trends from experiments on an additional domain.",
      "pages": "8789--8805",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.544",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.544",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Bouamor, Houda  and\nPino, Juan  and\nBali, Kalika",
      "author": "Wagner, Eitan  and\nKeydar, Renana  and\nAbend, Omri",
      "title": "Event-Location Tracking in Narratives: A Case Study on Holocaust Testimonies",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "wagner-etal-2023-event",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "wang-etal-2023-humanoid": {
      "abstract": "Just as computational simulations of atoms, molecules and cells have shaped the way we study the sciences, true-to-life simulations of human-like agents can be valuable tools for studying human behavior. We propose Humanoid Agents, a system that guides Generative Agents to behave more like humans by introducing three elements of System 1 processing: Basic needs (e.g. hunger, health and energy), Emotion and Closeness in Relationships. Humanoid Agents are able to use these dynamic elements to adapt their daily activities and conversations with other agents, as supported with empirical experiments. Our system is designed to be extensible to various settings, three of which we demonstrate, as well as to other elements influencing human behavior (e.g. empathy, moral values and cultural background). Our platform also includes a Unity WebGL game interface for visualization and an interactive analytics dashboard to show agent statuses over time. Our platform is available on https://www.humanoidagents.com/ and code is on https://github.com/HumanoidAgents/HumanoidAgents",
      "pages": "167--176",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-demo.15",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-demo.15",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Singapore",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations",
      "editor": "Feng, Yansong  and\nLefever, Els",
      "author": "Wang, Zhilin  and\nChiu, Yu Ying  and\nChiu, Yu Cheung",
      "title": "Humanoid Agents: Platform for Simulating Human-like Generative Agents",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "wang-etal-2023-humanoid",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "wang-etal-2023-zhong": {
      "language": "Chinese",
      "abstract": "{``}社会道德的历时变迁研究具有重要意义。通过观察语言使用与道德变迁的历时联系,能够帮助描绘社会道德的变化趋势和发展规律、把握社会道德动态、推进道德建设。目前缺少从词汇角度、利用计算手段对大规模历时语料进行系统、全面的社会道德变迁研究。基于此,该文提出道德主题词历时计量模型,通过计量指标对1946-2015共70年的《人民日报》语料进行了历时计算与分析,观察了70年社会道德主题词的使用选择与变化。研究结果发现,道德词汇的历时使用与社会道德之间存在互动关系,反映出70年中国社会道德的历时变革与发展情况。{''}",
      "pages": "289--299",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.ccl-1.26",
      "publisher": "Chinese Information Processing Society of China",
      "address": "Harbin, China",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "August",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 22nd Chinese National Conference on Computational Linguistics",
      "editor": "Sun, Maosong  and\nQin, Bing  and\nQiu, Xipeng  and\nJiang, Jing  and\nHan, Xianpei",
      "author": "Wang, Hongrui  and\nYu, Dong  and\nLiu, Pengyuan  and\nCeng, Liying",
      "title": "中国社会道德变化模型与发展动因探究------基于70年《人民日报》的计量与分析 (The Model of Moral Change and Motivation in Chinese Society ------The Vocabulary Analysis of the 70-year ''People's Daily'')",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "wang-etal-2023-zhong",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "simmons-2023-moral": {
      "abstract": "Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating fluent text, as well as tendencies to reproduce undesirable social biases. This work investigates whether LLMs reproduce the moral biases associated with political groups in the United States, an instance of a broader capability herein termed moral mimicry. This work explores this hypothesis in the GPT-3/3.5 and OPT families of Transformer-based LLMs. Using tools from Moral Foundations Theory, this work shows that these LLMs are indeed moral mimics. When prompted with a liberal or conservative political identity, the models generate text reflecting corresponding moral biases. This study also explores the relationship between moral mimicry and model size, and similarity between human and LLM moral word use.",
      "pages": "282--297",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.acl-srw.40",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-srw.40",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 4: Student Research Workshop)",
      "editor": "Padmakumar, Vishakh  and\nVallejo, Gisela  and\nFu, Yao",
      "author": "Simmons, Gabriel",
      "title": "Moral Mimicry: Large Language Models Produce Moral Rationalizations Tailored to Political Identity",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "simmons-2023-moral",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "sun-etal-2023-measuring": {
      "abstract": "Predicting how a user responds to news events enables important applications such as allowing intelligent agents or content producers to estimate the effect on different communities and revise unreleased messages to prevent unexpected bad outcomes such as social conflict and moral injury. We present a new task, Response Forecasting on Personas for News Media, to estimate the response a persona (characterizing an individual or a group) might have upon seeing a news message. Compared to the previous efforts which only predict generic comments to news, the proposed task not only introduces personalization in the modeling but also predicts the sentiment polarity and intensity of each response. This enables more accurate and comprehensive inference on the mental state of the persona. Meanwhile, the generated sentiment dimensions make the evaluation and application more reliable. We create the first benchmark dataset, which consists of 13,357 responses to 3,847 news headlines from Twitter. We further evaluate the SOTA neural language models with our dataset. The empirical results suggest that the included persona attributes are helpful for the performance of all response dimensions. Our analysis shows that the best-performing models are capable of predicting responses that are consistent with the personas, and as a byproduct, the task formulation also enables many interesting applications in the analysis of social network groups and their opinions, such as the discovery of extreme opinion groups.",
      "pages": "554--562",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.acl-short.48",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-short.48",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
      "editor": "Rogers, Anna  and\nBoyd-Graber, Jordan  and\nOkazaki, Naoaki",
      "author": "Sun, Chenkai  and\nLi, Jinning  and\nChan, Hou Pong  and\nZhai, ChengXiang  and\nJi, Heng",
      "title": "Measuring the Effect of Influential Messages on Varying Personas",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "sun-etal-2023-measuring",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "ramezani-xu-2023-knowledge": {
      "abstract": "Moral norms vary across cultures. A recent line of work suggests that English large language models contain human-like moral biases, but these studies typically do not examine moral variation in a diverse cultural setting. We investigate the extent to which monolingual English language models contain knowledge about moral norms in different countries. We consider two levels of analysis: 1) whether language models capture fine-grained moral variation across countries over a variety of topics such as {``}homosexuality{''} and {``}divorce{''}; 2) whether language models capture cultural diversity and shared tendencies in which topics people around the globe tend to diverge or agree on in their moral judgment. We perform our analyses with two public datasets from the World Values Survey (across 55 countries) and PEW global surveys (across 40 countries) on morality. We find that pre-trained English language models predict empirical moral norms across countries worse than the English moral norms reported previously. However, fine-tuning language models on the survey data improves inference across countries at the expense of a less accurate estimate of the English moral norms. We discuss the relevance and challenges of incorporating cultural knowledge into the automated inference of moral norms.",
      "pages": "428--446",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.26",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.26",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Rogers, Anna  and\nBoyd-Graber, Jordan  and\nOkazaki, Naoaki",
      "author": "Ramezani, Aida  and\nXu, Yang",
      "title": "Knowledge of cultural moral norms in large language models",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "ramezani-xu-2023-knowledge",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "sun-etal-2023-moraldial": {
      "abstract": "Morality in dialogue systems has raised great attention in research recently. A moral dialogue system aligned with users{'} values could enhance conversation engagement and user connections. In this paper, we propose a framework, MoralDial to train and evaluate moral dialogue systems. In our framework, we first explore the communication mechanisms of morality and resolve expressed morality into three parts, which indicate the roadmap for building a moral dialogue system. Based on that, we design a simple yet effective method: constructing moral discussions between simulated specific users and the dialogue system. The constructed discussions consist of expressing, explaining, revising, and inferring moral views in dialogue exchanges, which makes conversational models learn morality well in a natural manner. Furthermore, we propose a novel evaluation method under the framework. We evaluate the multiple aspects of morality by judging the relation between dialogue responses and human values in discussions, where the multifaceted nature of morality is particularly considered. Automatic and manual experiments demonstrate that our framework is promising to train and evaluate moral dialogue systems.",
      "pages": "2213--2230",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.123",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.123",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Rogers, Anna  and\nBoyd-Graber, Jordan  and\nOkazaki, Naoaki",
      "author": "Sun, Hao  and\nZhang, Zhexin  and\nMi, Fei  and\nWang, Yasheng  and\nLiu, Wei  and\nCui, Jianwei  and\nWang, Bin  and\nLiu, Qun  and\nHuang, Minlie",
      "title": "MoralDial: A Framework to Train and Evaluate Moral Dialogue Systems via Moral Discussions",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "sun-etal-2023-moraldial",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "pyatkin-etal-2023-clarifydelphi": {
      "abstract": "Context is everything, even in commonsense moral reasoning. Changing contexts can flip the moral judgment of an action; Lying to a friend is wrong in general, but may be morally acceptable if it is intended to protect their life. We present ClarifyDelphi, an interactive system that learns to ask clarification questions (e.g., why did you lie to your friend?) in order to elicit additional salient contexts of a social or moral situation. We posit that questions whose potential answers lead to \\textit{diverging} moral judgments are the most informative. Thus, we propose a reinforcement learning framework with a defeasibility reward that aims to maximize the divergence between moral judgments of hypothetical answers to a question. Human evaluation demonstrates that our system generates more relevant, informative and defeasible questions compared to competitive baselines. Our work is ultimately inspired by studies in cognitive science that have investigated the flexibility in moral cognition (i.e., the diverse contexts in which moral rules can be bent), and we hope that research in this direction can assist both cognitive and computational investigations of moral judgments.",
      "pages": "11253--11271",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.630",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.630",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Rogers, Anna  and\nBoyd-Graber, Jordan  and\nOkazaki, Naoaki",
      "author": "Pyatkin, Valentina  and\nHwang, Jena D.  and\nSrikumar, Vivek  and\nLu, Ximing  and\nJiang, Liwei  and\nChoi, Yejin  and\nBhagavatula, Chandra",
      "title": "ClarifyDelphi: Reinforced Clarification Questions with Defeasibility Rewards for Social and Moral Situations",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "pyatkin-etal-2023-clarifydelphi",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "liscio-etal-2023-text": {
      "abstract": "Moral rhetoric influences our judgement. Although social scientists recognize moral expression as domain specific, there are no systematic methods for analyzing whether a text classifier learns the domain-specific expression of moral language or not. We propose Tomea, a method to compare a supervised classifier{'}s representation of moral rhetoric across domains. Tomea enables quantitative and qualitative comparisons of moral rhetoric via an interpretable exploration of similarities and differences across moral concepts and domains. We apply Tomea on moral narratives in thirty-five thousand tweets from seven domains. We extensively evaluate the method via a crowd study, a series of cross-domain moral classification comparisons, and a qualitative analysis of cross-domain moral expression.",
      "pages": "14113--14132",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.789",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.789",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Toronto, Canada",
      "year": "2023",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Rogers, Anna  and\nBoyd-Graber, Jordan  and\nOkazaki, Naoaki",
      "author": "Liscio, Enrico  and\nAraque, Oscar  and\nGatti, Lorenzo  and\nConstantinescu, Ionut  and\nJonker, Catholijn  and\nKalimeri, Kyriaki  and\nMurukannaiah, Pradeep Kumar",
      "title": "What does a Text Classifier Learn about Morality? An Explainable Method for Cross-Domain Comparison of Moral Rhetoric",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "liscio-etal-2023-text",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "zheng-etal-2022-towards": {
      "abstract": "Online messaging is dynamic, influential, and highly contextual, and a single post may contain contrasting sentiments towards multiple entities, such as dehumanizing one actor while empathizing with another in the same message. These complexities are important to capture for understanding the systematic abuse voiced within an online community, or for determining whether individuals are advocating for abuse, opposing abuse, or simply reporting abuse. In this work, we describe a formulation of directed social regard (DSR) as a problem of multi-entity aspect-based sentiment analysis (ME-ABSA), which models the degree of intensity of multiple sentiments that are associated with entities described by a text document. Our DSR schema is informed by Bandura{'}s psychosocial theory of moral disengagement and by recent work in ABSA. We present a dataset of over 2,900 posts and sentences, comprising over 24,000 entities annotated for DSR over nine psychosocial dimensions by three annotators. We present a novel transformer-based ME-ABSA model for DSR, achieving favorable preliminary results on this dataset.",
      "pages": "203--208",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.woah-1.19",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.woah-1.19",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, Washington (Hybrid)",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH)",
      "editor": "Narang, Kanika  and\nMostafazadeh Davani, Aida  and\nMathias, Lambert  and\nVidgen, Bertie  and\nTalat, Zeerak",
      "author": "Zheng, Joan  and\nFriedman, Scott  and\nSchmer-galunder, Sonja  and\nMagnusson, Ian  and\nWheelock, Ruta  and\nGottlieb, Jeremy  and\nGomez, Diana  and\nMiller, Christopher",
      "title": "Towards a Multi-Entity Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis for Characterizing Directed Social Regard in Online Messaging",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "zheng-etal-2022-towards",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "fraser-etal-2022-moral": {
      "abstract": "In an effort to guarantee that machine learning model outputs conform with human moral values, recent work has begun exploring the possibility of explicitly training models to learn the difference between right and wrong. This is typically done in a bottom-up fashion, by exposing the model to different scenarios, annotated with human moral judgements. One question, however, is whether the trained models actually learn any consistent, higher-level ethical principles from these datasets {--} and if so, what? Here, we probe the Allen AI Delphi model with a set of standardized morality questionnaires, and find that, despite some inconsistencies, Delphi tends to mirror the moral principles associated with the demographic groups involved in the annotation process. We question whether this is desirable and discuss how we might move forward with this knowledge.",
      "pages": "26--42",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.trustnlp-1.3",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.trustnlp-1.3",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, U.S.A.",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Trustworthy Natural Language Processing (TrustNLP 2022)",
      "editor": "Verma, Apurv  and\nPruksachatkun, Yada  and\nChang, Kai-Wei  and\nGalstyan, Aram  and\nDhamala, Jwala  and\nCao, Yang Trista",
      "author": "Fraser, Kathleen C.  and\nKiritchenko, Svetlana  and\nBalkir, Esma",
      "title": "Does Moral Code have a Moral Code? Probing Delphi's Moral Philosophy",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "fraser-etal-2022-moral",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "roy-etal-2022-towards": {
      "abstract": "Data scarcity is a common problem in NLP, especially when the annotation pertains to nuanced socio-linguistic concepts that require specialized knowledge. As a result, few-shot identification of these concepts is desirable. Few-shot in-context learning using pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) has been recently applied successfully in many NLP tasks. In this paper, we study few-shot identification of a psycho-linguistic concept, Morality Frames (Roy et al., 2021), using LLMs. Morality frames are a representation framework that provides a holistic view of the moral sentiment expressed in text, identifying the relevant moral foundation (Haidt and Graham, 2007) and at a finer level of granularity, the moral sentiment expressed towards the entities mentioned in the text. Previous studies relied on human annotation to identify morality frames in text which is expensive. In this paper, we propose prompting based approaches using pretrained Large Language Models for identification of morality frames, relying only on few-shot exemplars. We compare our models{'} performance with few-shot RoBERTa and found promising results.",
      "pages": "183--196",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.nlpcss-1.20",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.nlpcss-1.20",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Abu Dhabi, UAE",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "November",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science (NLP+CSS)",
      "editor": "Bamman, David  and\nHovy, Dirk  and\nJurgens, David  and\nKeith, Katherine  and\nO'Connor, Brendan  and\nVolkova, Svitlana",
      "author": "Roy, Shamik  and\nNakshatri, Nishanth Sridhar  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "Towards Few-Shot Identification of Morality Frames using In-Context Learning",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "roy-etal-2022-towards",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "talat-etal-2022-machine": {
      "abstract": "Ethics is one of the longest standing intellectual endeavors of humanity. In recent years, the fields of AI and NLP have attempted to address issues of harmful outcomes in machine learning systems that are made to interface with humans. One recent approach in this vein is the construction of NLP morality models that can take in arbitrary text and output a moral judgment about the situation described. In this work, we offer a critique of such NLP methods for automating ethical decision-making. Through an audit of recent work on computational approaches for predicting morality, we examine the broader issues that arise from such efforts. We conclude with a discussion of how machine ethics could usefully proceed in NLP, by focusing on current and near-future uses of technology, in a way that centers around transparency, democratic values, and allows for straightforward accountability.",
      "pages": "769--779",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.56",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.naacl-main.56",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, United States",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
      "editor": "Carpuat, Marine  and\nde Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and\nMeza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir",
      "author": "Talat, Zeerak  and\nBlix, Hagen  and\nValvoda, Josef  and\nGanesh, Maya Indira  and\nCotterell, Ryan  and\nWilliams, Adina",
      "title": "On the Machine Learning of Ethical Judgments from Natural Language",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "talat-etal-2022-machine",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "guan-etal-2022-corpus": {
      "abstract": "Teaching morals is one of the most important purposes of storytelling. An essential ability for understanding and writing moral stories is bridging story plots and implied morals. Its challenges mainly lie in: (1) grasping knowledge about abstract concepts in morals, (2) capturing inter-event discourse relations in stories, and (3) aligning value preferences of stories and morals concerning good or bad behavior. In this paper, we propose two understanding tasks and two generation tasks to assess these abilities of machines. We present STORAL, a new dataset of Chinese and English human-written moral stories. We show the difficulty of the proposed tasks by testing various models with automatic and manual evaluation on STORAL. Furthermore, we present a retrieval-augmented algorithm that effectively exploits related concepts or events in training sets as additional guidance to improve performance on these tasks.",
      "pages": "5069--5087",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.374",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.naacl-main.374",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, United States",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
      "editor": "Carpuat, Marine  and\nde Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and\nMeza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir",
      "author": "Guan, Jian  and\nLiu, Ziqi  and\nHuang, Minlie",
      "title": "A Corpus for Understanding and Generating Moral Stories",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "guan-etal-2022-corpus",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "pacheco-etal-2022-holistic": {
      "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has led to infodemic of low quality information leading to poor health decisions. Combating the outcomes of this infodemic is not only a question of identifying false claims, but also reasoning about the decisions individuals make. In this work we propose a holistic analysis framework connecting stance and reason analysis, and fine-grained entity level moral sentiment analysis. We study how to model the dependencies between the different level of analysis and incorporate human insights into the learning process. Experiments show that our framework provides reliable predictions even in the low-supervision settings.",
      "pages": "5821--5839",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.427",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.naacl-main.427",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, United States",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
      "editor": "Carpuat, Marine  and\nde Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and\nMeza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir",
      "author": "Pacheco, Maria Leonor  and\nIslam, Tunazzina  and\nMahajan, Monal  and\nShor, Andrey  and\nYin, Ming  and\nUngar, Lyle  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "A Holistic Framework for Analyzing the COVID-19 Vaccine Debate",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "pacheco-etal-2022-holistic",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "ammanabrolu-etal-2022-aligning": {
      "abstract": "We focus on creating agents that act in alignment with socially beneficial norms and values in interactive narratives or text-based games{---}environments wherein an agent perceives and interacts with a world through natural language. Such interactive agents are often trained via reinforcement learning to optimize task performance, even when such rewards may lead to agent behaviors that violate societal norms{---}causing harm either to the agent itself or other entities in the environment. Social value alignment refers to creating agents whose behaviors conform to expected moral and social norms for a given context and group of people{---}in our case, it means agents that behave in a manner that is less harmful and more beneficial for themselves and others. We build on the Jiminy Cricket benchmark (Hendrycks et al. 2021), a set of 25 annotated interactive narratives containing thousands of morally salient scenarios covering everything from theft and bodily harm to altruism. We introduce the GALAD (Game-value ALignment through Action Distillation) agent that uses the social commonsense knowledge present in specially trained language models to contextually restrict its action space to only those actions that are aligned with socially beneficial values. An experimental study shows that the GALAD agent makes decisions efficiently enough to improve state-of-the-art task performance by 4{\\%} while reducing the frequency of socially harmful behaviors by 25{\\%} compared to strong contemporary value alignment approaches.",
      "pages": "5994--6017",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.439",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.naacl-main.439",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, United States",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
      "editor": "Carpuat, Marine  and\nde Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and\nMeza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir",
      "author": "Ammanabrolu, Prithviraj  and\nJiang, Liwei  and\nSap, Maarten  and\nHajishirzi, Hannaneh  and\nChoi, Yejin",
      "title": "Aligning to Social Norms and Values in Interactive Narratives",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "ammanabrolu-etal-2022-aligning",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "alhassan-etal-2022-bad": {
      "abstract": "Natural language processing (NLP) has been shown to perform well in various tasks, such as answering questions, ascertaining natural language inference and anomaly detection. However, there are few NLP-related studies that touch upon the moral context conveyed in text. This paper studies whether state-of-the-art, pre-trained language models are capable of passing moral judgments on posts retrieved from a popular Reddit user board. Reddit is a social discussion website and forum where posts are promoted by users through a voting system. In this work, we construct a dataset that can be used for moral judgement tasks by collecting data from the AITA? (Am I the A*******?) subreddit. To model our task, we harnessed the power of pre-trained language models, including BERT, RoBERTa, RoBERTa-large, ALBERT and Longformer. We then fine-tuned these models and evaluated their ability to predict the correct verdict as judged by users for each post in the datasets. RoBERTa showed relative improvements across the three datasets, exhibiting a rate of 87{\\%} accuracy and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.76, while the use of the Longformer model slightly improved the performance when used with longer sequences, achieving 87{\\%} accuracy and 0.77 MCC.",
      "pages": "267--276",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.28",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association",
      "address": "Marseille, France",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nB{\\'e}chet, Fr{\\'e}d{\\'e}ric  and\nBlache, Philippe  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nCieri, Christopher  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nIsahara, Hitoshi  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, H{\\'e}l{\\`e}ne  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "Alhassan, Areej  and\nZhang, Jinkai  and\nSchlegel, Viktor",
      "title": "`Am I the Bad One'? Predicting the Moral Judgement of the Crowd Using Pre--trained Language Models",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "alhassan-etal-2022-bad",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "ntogramatzis-etal-2022-ellogon": {
      "abstract": "In this paper, we present the Ellogon Web Annotation Tool. It is a collaborative, web-based annotation tool built upon the Ellogon infrastructure offering an improved user experience and adaptability to various annotation scenarios by making good use of the latest design practices and web development frameworks. Being in development for many years, this paper describes its current architecture, along with the recent modifications that extend the existing functionalities and the new features that were added. The new version of the tool offers document analytics, annotation inspection and comparison features, a modern UI, and formatted text import (e.g. TEI XML documents, rendered with simple markup). We present two use cases that serve as two examples of different annotation scenarios to demonstrate the new functionalities. An appropriate (user-supplied, XML-based) annotation schema is used for each scenario. The first schema contains the relevant components for representing concepts, moral values, and ideas. The second includes all the necessary elements for annotating argumentative units in a document and their binary relations.",
      "pages": "3442--3450",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.368",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association",
      "address": "Marseille, France",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nB{\\'e}chet, Fr{\\'e}d{\\'e}ric  and\nBlache, Philippe  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nCieri, Christopher  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nIsahara, Hitoshi  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, H{\\'e}l{\\`e}ne  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "Ntogramatzis, Alexandros Fotios  and\nGradou, Anna  and\nPetasis, Georgios  and\nKokol, Marko",
      "title": "The Ellogon Web Annotation Tool: Annotating Moral Values and Arguments",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "ntogramatzis-etal-2022-ellogon",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "perez-almendros-etal-2022-pre": {
      "abstract": "Patronizing and Condescending Language (PCL) is a subtle but harmful type of discourse, yet the task of recognizing PCL remains under-studied by the NLP community. Recognizing PCL is challenging because of its subtle nature, because available datasets are limited in size, and because this task often relies on some form of commonsense knowledge. In this paper, we study to what extent PCL detection models can be improved by pre-training them on other, more established NLP tasks. We find that performance gains are indeed possible in this way, in particular when pre-training on tasks focusing on sentiment, harmful language and commonsense morality. In contrast, for tasks focusing on political speech and social justice, no or only very small improvements were witnessed. These findings improve our understanding of the nature of PCL.",
      "pages": "3902--3911",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.415",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association",
      "address": "Marseille, France",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nB{\\'e}chet, Fr{\\'e}d{\\'e}ric  and\nBlache, Philippe  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nCieri, Christopher  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nIsahara, Hitoshi  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, H{\\'e}l{\\`e}ne  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "Perez Almendros, Carla  and\nEspinosa Anke, Luis  and\nSchockaert, Steven",
      "title": "Pre-Training Language Models for Identifying Patronizing and Condescending Language: An Analysis",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "perez-almendros-etal-2022-pre",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "levine-2022-distribution": {
      "abstract": "Deontic modals are auxiliary verbs which express some kind of necessity, obligation, or moral recommendation. This paper investigates the collocation and distribution within Jane Austen{'}s six mature novels of the following deontic modals: must, should, ought, and need. We also examine the co-occurrences of these modals with name mentions of the heroines in the six novels, categorizing each occurrence with a category of obligation if applicable. The paper offers a brief explanation of the categories of obligation chosen for this investigation. In order to examine the types of obligations associated with each heroine, we then investigate the distribution of these categories in relation to mentions of each heroine. The patterns observed show a general concurrence with the thematic characterizations of Austen{'}s heroines which are found in literary analysis.",
      "pages": "70--74",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.latechclfl-1.9",
      "publisher": "International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Gyeongju, Republic of Korea",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "October",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 6th Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature",
      "editor": "Degaetano, Stefania  and\nKazantseva, Anna  and\nReiter, Nils  and\nSzpakowicz, Stan",
      "author": "Levine, Lauren",
      "title": "The Distribution of Deontic Modals in Jane Austen's Mature Novels",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "levine-2022-distribution",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "liu-etal-2022-aligning": {
      "abstract": "Although current large-scale generative language models (LMs) can show impressive insights about factual knowledge, they do not exhibit similar success with respect to human values judgements (e.g., whether or not the generations of an LM are moral). Existing methods learn human values either by directly mimicking the behavior of human data, or rigidly constraining the generation space to human-chosen tokens. These methods are inherently limited in that they do not consider the contextual and abstract nature of human values and as a result often fail when dealing with out-of-domain context or sophisticated and abstract human values. This paper proposes SENSEI, a new reinforcement learning based method that can embed human values judgements into each step of language generation. SENSEI deploys an Actor-Critic framework, where the Critic is a reward distributor that simulates the reward assignment procedure of humans, while the Actor guides the generation towards the maximum reward direction. Compared with five existing methods in three human values alignment datasets, SENSEI not only achieves higher alignment performance in terms of both automatic and human evaluations, but also shows improvements on robustness and transfer learning on unseen human values.",
      "pages": "241--252",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-naacl.18",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-naacl.18",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, United States",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2022",
      "editor": "Carpuat, Marine  and\nde Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and\nMeza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir",
      "author": "Liu, Ruibo  and\nZhang, Ge  and\nFeng, Xinyu  and\nVosoughi, Soroush",
      "title": "Aligning Generative Language Models with Human Values",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "liu-etal-2022-aligning",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "hofmann-etal-2022-modeling": {
      "abstract": "The increasing polarization of online political discourse calls for computational tools that automatically detect and monitor ideological divides in social media. We introduce a minimally supervised method that leverages the network structure of online discussion forums, specifically Reddit, to detect polarized concepts. We model polarization along the dimensions of salience and framing, drawing upon insights from moral psychology. Our architecture combines graph neural networks with structured sparsity learning and results in representations for concepts and subreddits that capture temporal ideological dynamics such as right-wing and left-wing radicalization.",
      "pages": "536--550",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-naacl.41",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-naacl.41",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, United States",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2022",
      "editor": "Carpuat, Marine  and\nde Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and\nMeza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir",
      "author": "Hofmann, Valentin  and\nDong, Xiaowen  and\nPierrehumbert, Janet  and\nSchuetze, Hinrich",
      "title": "Modeling Ideological Salience and Framing in Polarized Online Groups with Graph Neural Networks and Structured Sparsity",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "hofmann-etal-2022-modeling",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "liscio-etal-2022-cross": {
      "abstract": "Moral values influence how we interpret and act upon the information we receive. Identifying human moral values is essential for artificially intelligent agents to co-exist with humans. Recent progress in natural language processing allows the identification of moral values in textual discourse. However, domain-specific moral rhetoric poses challenges for transferring knowledge from one domain to another. We provide the first extensive investigation on the effects of cross-domain classification of moral values from text. We compare a state-of-the-art deep learning model (BERT) in seven domains and four cross-domain settings. We show that a value classifier can generalize and transfer knowledge to novel domains, but it can introduce catastrophic forgetting. We also highlight the typical classification errors in cross-domain value classification and compare the model predictions to the annotators agreement. Our results provide insights to computer and social scientists that seek to identify moral rhetoric specific to a domain of discourse.",
      "pages": "2727--2745",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-naacl.209",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-naacl.209",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, United States",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2022",
      "editor": "Carpuat, Marine  and\nde Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and\nMeza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir",
      "author": "Liscio, Enrico  and\nDondera, Alin  and\nGeadau, Andrei  and\nJonker, Catholijn  and\nMurukannaiah, Pradeep",
      "title": "Cross-Domain Classification of Moral Values",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "liscio-etal-2022-cross",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "lee-goldwasser-2022-towards": {
      "abstract": "Large-scale language models have been reducing the gap between machines and humans in understanding the real world, yet understanding an individual{'}s theory of mind and behavior from text is far from being resolved. This research proposes a neural model{---}Subjective Ground Attention{---}that learns subjective grounds of individuals and accounts for their judgments on situations of others posted on social media. Using simple attention modules as well as taking one{'}s previous activities into consideration, we empirically show that our model provides human-readable explanations of an individual{'}s subjective preference in judging social situations. We further qualitatively evaluate the explanations generated by the model and claim that our model learns an individual{'}s subjective orientation towards abstract moral concepts.",
      "pages": "1752--1766",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-emnlp.126",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-emnlp.126",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022",
      "editor": "Goldberg, Yoav  and\nKozareva, Zornitsa  and\nZhang, Yue",
      "author": "Lee, Younghun  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "Towards Explaining Subjective Ground of Individuals on Social Media",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "lee-goldwasser-2022-towards",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "kiehne-etal-2022-contextualizing": {
      "abstract": "To comprehensibly contextualize decisions, artificial systems in social situations need a high degree of awareness of the rules of conduct of human behavior. Especially transformer-based language models have recently been shown to exhibit some such awareness. But what if norms in some social setting do not adhere to or even blatantly deviate from the mainstream? In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism based on deontic logic to allow for a flexible adaptation of individual norms by de-biasing training data sets and a task-reduction to textual entailment. Building on the popular {`}Moral Stories{'} dataset we on the one hand highlight the intrinsic bias of current language models, on the other hand characterize the adaptability of pre-trained models to deviating norms in fine-tuning settings.",
      "pages": "4620--4633",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-emnlp.339",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-emnlp.339",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022",
      "editor": "Goldberg, Yoav  and\nKozareva, Zornitsa  and\nZhang, Yue",
      "author": "Kiehne, Niklas  and\nKroll, Hermann  and\nBalke, Wolf-Tilo",
      "title": "Contextualizing Language Models for Norms Diverging from Social Majority",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "kiehne-etal-2022-contextualizing",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "mather-etal-2022-stance": {
      "abstract": "We present a generalized paradigm for adaptation of propositional analysis (predicate-argument pairs) to new tasks and domains. We leverage an analogy between stances (belief-driven sentiment) and concerns (topical issues with moral dimensions/endorsements) to produce an explanatory representation. A key contribution is the combination of semi-automatic resource building for extraction of domain-dependent concern types (with 2-4 hours of human labor per domain) and an entirely automatic procedure for extraction of domain-independent moral dimensions and endorsement values. Prudent (automatic) selection of terms from propositional structures for lexical expansion (via semantic similarity) produces new moral dimension lexicons at three levels of granularity beyond a strong baseline lexicon. We develop a ground truth (GT) based on expert annotators and compare our concern detection output to GT, to yield 231{\\%} improvement in recall over baseline, with only a 10{\\%} loss in precision. F1 yields 66{\\%} improvement over baseline and 97.8{\\%} of human performance. Our lexically based approach yields large savings over approaches that employ costly human labor and model building. We provide to the community a newly expanded moral dimension/value lexicon, annotation guidelines, and GT.",
      "pages": "3354--3367",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.264",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-acl.264",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Dublin, Ireland",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022",
      "editor": "Muresan, Smaranda  and\nNakov, Preslav  and\nVillavicencio, Aline",
      "author": "Mather, Brodie  and\nDorr, Bonnie  and\nDalton, Adam  and\nde Beaumont, William  and\nRambow, Owen  and\nSchmer-Galunder, Sonja",
      "title": "From Stance to Concern: Adaptation of Propositional Analysis to New Tasks and Domains",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "mather-etal-2022-stance",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "pacheco-etal-2022-hands": {
      "abstract": "We recently introduced DRaiL, a declarative neural-symbolic modeling framework designed to support a wide variety of NLP scenarios. In this paper, we enhance DRaiL with an easy to use Python interface, equipped with methods to define, modify and augment DRaiL models interactively, as well as with methods to debug and visualize the predictions made. We demonstrate this interface with a challenging NLP task: predicting sentence and entity level moral sentiment in political tweets.",
      "pages": "371--378",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-demos.37",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-demos.37",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Abu Dhabi, UAE",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations",
      "editor": "Che, Wanxiang  and\nShutova, Ekaterina",
      "author": "Pacheco, Maria Leonor  and\nRoy, Shamik  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "Hands-On Interactive Neuro-Symbolic NLP with DRaiL",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "pacheco-etal-2022-hands",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "asprino-etal-2022-uncovering": {
      "abstract": "Moral values as commonsense norms shape our everyday individual and community behavior. The possibility to extract moral attitude rapidly from natural language is an appealing perspective that would enable a deeper understanding of social interaction dynamics and the individual cognitive and behavioral dimension. In this work we focus on detecting moral content from natural language and we test our methods on a corpus of tweets previously labeled as containing moral values or violations, according to Moral Foundation Theory. We develop and compare two different approaches: (i) a frame-based symbolic value detector based on knowledge graphs and (ii) a zero-shot machine learning model fine-tuned on a task of Natural Language Inference (NLI) and a task of emotion detection. The final outcome from our work consists in two approaches meant to perform without the need for prior training process on a moral value detection task.",
      "pages": "33--41",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.deelio-1.4",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.deelio-1.4",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Dublin, Ireland and Online",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of Deep Learning Inside Out (DeeLIO 2022): The 3rd Workshop on Knowledge Extraction and Integration for Deep Learning Architectures",
      "editor": "Agirre, Eneko  and\nApidianaki, Marianna  and\nVuli{\\'c}, Ivan",
      "author": "Asprino, Luigi  and\nBulla, Luana  and\nDe Giorgis, Stefano  and\nGangemi, Aldo  and\nMarinucci, Ludovica  and\nMongiovi, Misael",
      "title": "Uncovering Values: Detecting Latent Moral Content from Natural Language with Explainable and Non-Trained Methods",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "asprino-etal-2022-uncovering",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "padia-etal-2022-jointly": {
      "abstract": "Moral values as commonsense norms shape our everyday individual and community behavior. The possibility to extract moral attitude rapidly from natural language is an appealing perspective that would enable a deeper understanding of social interaction dynamics and the individual cognitive and behavioral dimension. In this work we focus on detecting moral content from natural language and we test our methods on a corpus of tweets previously labeled as containing moral values or violations, according to Moral Foundation Theory. We develop and compare two different approaches: (i) a frame-based symbolic value detector based on knowledge graphs and (ii) a zero-shot machine learning model fine-tuned on a task of Natural Language Inference (NLI) and a task of emotion detection. The final outcome from our work consists in two approaches meant to perform without the need for prior training process on a moral value detection task.",
      "pages": "42--52",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.deelio-1.5",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.deelio-1.5",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Dublin, Ireland and Online",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of Deep Learning Inside Out (DeeLIO 2022): The 3rd Workshop on Knowledge Extraction and Integration for Deep Learning Architectures",
      "editor": "Agirre, Eneko  and\nApidianaki, Marianna  and\nVuli{\\'c}, Ivan",
      "author": "Padia, Ankur  and\nFerraro, Francis  and\nFinin, Tim",
      "title": "Jointly Identifying and Fixing Inconsistent Readings from Information Extraction Systems",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "padia-etal-2022-jointly",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "zhao-etal-2022-polarity": {
      "abstract": "Most works on computational morality focus on moral polarity recognition, i.e., distinguishing right from wrong. However, a discrete polarity label is not informative enough to reflect morality as it does not contain any degree or intensity information. Existing approaches to compute moral intensity are limited to word-level measurement and heavily rely on human labelling. In this paper, we propose MoralScore, a weakly-supervised framework that can automatically measure moral intensity from text. It only needs moral polarity labels, which are more robust and easier to acquire. Besides, the framework can capture latent moral information not only from words but also from sentence-level semantics which can provide a more comprehensive measurement. To evaluate the performance of our method, we introduce a set of evaluation metrics and conduct extensive experiments. Results show that our method achieves good performance on both automatic and human evaluations.",
      "pages": "1250--1262",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.coling-1.107",
      "publisher": "International Committee on Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Gyeongju, Republic of Korea",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "October",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nHuang, Chu-Ren  and\nKim, Hansaem  and\nPustejovsky, James  and\nWanner, Leo  and\nChoi, Key-Sun  and\nRyu, Pum-Mo  and\nChen, Hsin-Hsi  and\nDonatelli, Lucia  and\nJi, Heng  and\nKurohashi, Sadao  and\nPaggio, Patrizia  and\nXue, Nianwen  and\nKim, Seokhwan  and\nHahm, Younggyun  and\nHe, Zhong  and\nLee, Tony Kyungil  and\nSantus, Enrico  and\nBond, Francis  and\nNa, Seung-Hoon",
      "author": "Zhao, Chunxu  and\nLiu, Pengyuan  and\nYu, Dong",
      "title": "From Polarity to Intensity: Mining Morality from Semantic Space",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "zhao-etal-2022-polarity",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "ziems-etal-2022-moral": {
      "abstract": "Conversational agents have come increasingly closer to human competence in open-domain dialogue settings; however, such models can reflect insensitive, hurtful, or entirely incoherent viewpoints that erode a user{'}s trust in the moral integrity of the system. Moral deviations are difficult to mitigate because moral judgments are not universal, and there may be multiple competing judgments that apply to a situation simultaneously. In this work, we introduce a new resource, not to authoritatively resolve moral ambiguities, but instead to facilitate systematic understanding of the intuitions, values and moral judgments reflected in the utterances of dialogue systems. The Moral Integrity Corpus, MIC, is such a resource, which captures the moral assumptions of 38k prompt-reply pairs, using 99k distinct Rules of Thumb (RoTs). Each RoT reflects a particular moral conviction that can explain why a chatbot{'}s reply may appear acceptable or problematic. We further organize RoTs with a set of 9 moral and social attributes and benchmark performance for attribute classification. Most importantly, we show that current neural language models can automatically generate new RoTs that reasonably describe previously unseen interactions, but they still struggle with certain scenarios. Our findings suggest that MIC will be a useful resource for understanding and language models{'} implicit moral assumptions and flexibly benchmarking the integrity of conversational agents. To download the data, see \\url{https://github.com/GT-SALT/mic}",
      "pages": "3755--3773",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.261",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.261",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Dublin, Ireland",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Muresan, Smaranda  and\nNakov, Preslav  and\nVillavicencio, Aline",
      "author": "Ziems, Caleb  and\nYu, Jane  and\nWang, Yi-Chia  and\nHalevy, Alon  and\nYang, Diyi",
      "title": "The Moral Integrity Corpus: A Benchmark for Ethical Dialogue Systems",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "ziems-etal-2022-moral",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "mohammad-2022-ethics": {
      "abstract": "Several high-profile events, such as the mass testing of emotion recognition systems on vulnerable sub-populations and using question answering systems to make moral judgments, have highlighted how technology will often lead to more adverse outcomes for those that are already marginalized. At issue here are not just individual systems and datasets, but also the AI tasks themselves. In this position paper, I make a case for thinking about ethical considerations not just at the level of individual models and datasets, but also at the level of AI tasks. I will present a new form of such an effort, Ethics Sheets for AI Tasks, dedicated to fleshing out the assumptions and ethical considerations hidden in how a task is commonly framed and in the choices we make regarding the data, method, and evaluation. I will also present a template for ethics sheets with 50 ethical considerations, using the task of emotion recognition as a running example. Ethics sheets are a mechanism to engage with and document ethical considerations before building datasets and systems. Similar to survey articles, a small number of carefully created ethics sheets can serve numerous researchers and developers.",
      "pages": "8368--8379",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.573",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.573",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Dublin, Ireland",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Muresan, Smaranda  and\nNakov, Preslav  and\nVillavicencio, Aline",
      "author": "Mohammad, Saif",
      "title": "Ethics Sheets for AI Tasks",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "mohammad-2022-ethics",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "alshomary-etal-2022-moral": {
      "abstract": "An audience{'}s prior beliefs and morals are strong indicators of how likely they will be affected by a given argument. Utilizing such knowledge can help focus on shared values to bring disagreeing parties towards agreement. In argumentation technology, however, this is barely exploited so far. This paper studies the feasibility of automatically generating morally framed arguments as well as their effect on different audiences. Following the moral foundation theory, we propose a system that effectively generates arguments focusing on different morals. In an in-depth user study, we ask liberals and conservatives to evaluate the impact of these arguments. Our results suggest that, particularly when prior beliefs are challenged, an audience becomes more affected by morally framed arguments.",
      "pages": "8782--8797",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.601",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.601",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Dublin, Ireland",
      "year": "2022",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Muresan, Smaranda  and\nNakov, Preslav  and\nVillavicencio, Aline",
      "author": "Alshomary, Milad  and\nEl Baff, Roxanne  and\nGurcke, Timon  and\nWachsmuth, Henning",
      "title": "The Moral Debater: A Study on the Computational Generation of Morally Framed Arguments",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "alshomary-etal-2022-moral",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "roy-goldwasser-2021-analysis": {
      "abstract": "The Moral Foundation Theory suggests five moral foundations that can capture the view of a user on a particular issue. It is widely used to identify sentence-level sentiment. In this paper, we study the Moral Foundation Theory in tweets by US politicians on two politically divisive issues - Gun Control and Immigration. We define the nuanced stance of politicians on these two topics by the grades given by related organizations to the politicians. First, we identify moral foundations in tweets from a huge corpus using deep relational learning. Then, qualitative and quantitative evaluations using the corpus show that there is a strong correlation between the moral foundation usage and the politicians{'} nuanced stance on a particular topic. We also found substantial differences in moral foundation usage by different political parties when they address different entities. All of these results indicate the need for more intense research in this area.",
      "pages": "1--13",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.socialnlp-1.1",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2021.socialnlp-1.1",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online",
      "year": "2021",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media",
      "editor": "Ku, Lun-Wei  and\nLi, Cheng-Te",
      "author": "Roy, Shamik  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "Analysis of Nuanced Stances and Sentiment Towards Entities of US Politicians through the Lens of Moral Foundation Theory",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "roy-goldwasser-2021-analysis",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "zhou-etal-2021-assessing": {
      "abstract": "Lab studies in cognition and the psychology of morality have proposed some thematic and linguistic factors that influence moral reasoning. This paper assesses how well the findings of these studies generalize to a large corpus of over 22,000 descriptions of fraught situations posted to a dedicated forum. At this social-media site, users judge whether or not an author is in the wrong with respect to the event that the author described. We find that, consistent with lab studies, there are statistically significant differences in uses of first-person passive voice, as well as first-person agents and patients, between descriptions of situations that receive different blame judgments. These features also aid performance in the task of predicting the eventual collective verdicts.",
      "pages": "61--69",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.socialnlp-1.5",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2021.socialnlp-1.5",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online",
      "year": "2021",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media",
      "editor": "Ku, Lun-Wei  and\nLi, Cheng-Te",
      "author": "Zhou, Karen  and\nSmith, Ana  and\nLee, Lillian",
      "title": "Assessing Cognitive Linguistic Influences in the Assignment of Blame",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "zhou-etal-2021-assessing",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "robertson-etal-2021-covid": {
      "abstract": "We present a COVID-19 news dashboard which visualizes sentiment in pandemic news coverage in different languages across Europe. The dashboard shows analyses for positive/neutral/negative sentiment and moral sentiment for news articles across countries and languages. First we extract news articles from news-crawl. Then we use a pre-trained multilingual BERT model for sentiment analysis of news article headlines and a dictionary and word vectors -based method for moral sentiment analysis of news articles. The resulting dashboard gives a unified overview of news events on COVID-19 news overall sentiment, and the region and language of publication from the period starting from the beginning of January 2020 to the end of January 2021.",
      "pages": "110--115",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2021.hackashop-1.15",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online",
      "year": "2021",
      "month": "April",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the EACL Hackashop on News Media Content Analysis and Automated Report Generation",
      "editor": "Toivonen, Hannu  and\nBoggia, Michele",
      "author": "Robertson, Frankie  and\nLagus, Jarkko  and\nKajava, Kaisla",
      "title": "A COVID-19 news coverage mood map of Europe",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "robertson-etal-2021-covid",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "ramezani-etal-2021-unsupervised-framework": {
      "abstract": "Morality plays an important role in social well-being, but people{'}s moral perception is not stable and changes over time. Recent advances in natural language processing have shown that text is an effective medium for informing moral change, but no attempt has been made to quantify the origins of these changes. We present a novel unsupervised framework for tracing textual sources of moral change toward entities through time. We characterize moral change with probabilistic topical distributions and infer the source text that exerts prominent influence on the moral time course. We evaluate our framework on a diverse set of data ranging from social media to news articles. We show that our framework not only captures fine-grained human moral judgments, but also identifies coherent source topics of moral change triggered by historical events. We apply our methodology to analyze the news in the COVID-19 pandemic and demonstrate its utility in identifying sources of moral change in high-impact and real-time social events.",
      "pages": "1215--1228",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.105",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-emnlp.105",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
      "year": "2021",
      "month": "November",
      "booktitle": "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021",
      "editor": "Moens, Marie-Francine  and\nHuang, Xuanjing  and\nSpecia, Lucia  and\nYih, Scott Wen-tau",
      "author": "Ramezani, Aida  and\nZhu, Zining  and\nRudzicz, Frank  and\nXu, Yang",
      "title": "An unsupervised framework for tracing textual sources of moral change",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "ramezani-etal-2021-unsupervised-framework",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "emelin-etal-2021-moral": {
      "abstract": "In social settings, much of human behavior is governed by unspoken rules of conduct rooted in societal norms. For artificial systems to be fully integrated into social environments, adherence to such norms is a central prerequisite. To investigate whether language generation models can serve as behavioral priors for systems deployed in social settings, we evaluate their ability to generate action descriptions that achieve predefined goals under normative constraints. Moreover, we examine if models can anticipate likely consequences of actions that either observe or violate known norms, or explain why certain actions are preferable by generating relevant norm hypotheses. For this purpose, we introduce Moral Stories, a crowd-sourced dataset of structured, branching narratives for the study of grounded, goal-oriented social reasoning. Finally, we propose decoding strategies that combine multiple expert models to significantly improve the quality of generated actions, consequences, and norms compared to strong baselines.",
      "pages": "698--718",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.54",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.54",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
      "year": "2021",
      "month": "November",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Moens, Marie-Francine  and\nHuang, Xuanjing  and\nSpecia, Lucia  and\nYih, Scott Wen-tau",
      "author": "Emelin, Denis  and\nLe Bras, Ronan  and\nHwang, Jena D.  and\nForbes, Maxwell  and\nChoi, Yejin",
      "title": "Moral Stories: Situated Reasoning about Norms, Intents, Actions, and their Consequences",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "emelin-etal-2021-moral",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "roy-etal-2021-identifying": {
      "abstract": "Extracting moral sentiment from text is a vital component in understanding public opinion, social movements, and policy decisions. The Moral Foundation Theory identifies five moral foundations, each associated with a positive and negative polarity. However, moral sentiment is often motivated by its targets, which can correspond to individuals or collective entities. In this paper, we introduce morality frames, a representation framework for organizing moral attitudes directed at different entities, and come up with a novel and high-quality annotated dataset of tweets written by US politicians. Then, we propose a relational learning model to predict moral attitudes towards entities and moral foundations jointly. We do qualitative and quantitative evaluations, showing that moral sentiment towards entities differs highly across political ideologies.",
      "pages": "9939--9958",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.783",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.783",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
      "year": "2021",
      "month": "November",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Moens, Marie-Francine  and\nHuang, Xuanjing  and\nSpecia, Lucia  and\nYih, Scott Wen-tau",
      "author": "Roy, Shamik  and\nPacheco, Maria Leonor  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "Identifying Morality Frames in Political Tweets using Relational Learning",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "roy-etal-2021-identifying",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "peng-etal-2021-zi": {
      "language": "Chinese",
      "abstract": "随着人工智能的发展,越来越多的研究开始关注人工智能伦理。在NLP领域,道德自动识别作为研究分析文本中的道德的一项重要任务,近年来开始受到研究者的关注。该任务旨在识别文本中的道德片段,其对自然语言处理的道德相关的下游任务如偏见识别消除、判定模型隐形歧视等具有重要意义。与英文相比,目前面向中文的道德识别研究开展缓慢,其主要原因是至今还没有较大型的道德中文数据集为研究提供数据。为解决上述问题,本文在中文语料上进行了中文道德句的标注工作,并初步对识别中文文本道德句进行探索。我们首先构建了国内首个10万级别的中文道德句数据集,然后本文提出了利用流行的几种机器学习方法探究识别中文道德句任务的效果。此外,我们还探索了利用额外知识辅助的方法,对中文道德句的识别任务进行了进一步的探究。",
      "pages": "537--548",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2021.ccl-1.49",
      "publisher": "Chinese Information Processing Society of China",
      "address": "Huhhot, China",
      "year": "2021",
      "month": "August",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 20th Chinese National Conference on Computational Linguistics",
      "editor": "Li, Sheng  and\nSun, Maosong  and\nLiu, Yang  and\nWu, Hua  and\nLiu, Kang  and\nChe, Wanxiang  and\nHe, Shizhu  and\nRao, Gaoqi",
      "author": "Peng, Shiya  and\nLiu, Chang  and\nDeng, Yayue  and\nYu, Dong",
      "title": "字里行间的道德:中文文本道德句识别研究(Morality Between the Lines: Research on Identification of Chinese Moral Sentence)",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "peng-etal-2021-zi",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "mahajan-shaikh-2020-studying": {
      "abstract": "We highlight the contribution of emotional and moral language towards information contagion online. We find that retweet count on Twitter is significantly predicted by the use of negative emotions with negative moral language. We find that a tweet is less likely to be retweeted (hence less engagement and less potential for contagion) when it has emotional language expressed as anger along with a specific type of moral language, known as authority-vice. Conversely, when sadness is expressed with authority-vice, the tweet is more likely to be retweeted. Our findings indicate how emotional and moral language can interact in predicting information contagion.",
      "pages": "128--130",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.winlp-1.34",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.winlp-1.34",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Seattle, USA",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the The Fourth Widening Natural Language Processing Workshop",
      "editor": "Cunha, Rossana  and\nShaikh, Samira  and\nVaris, Erika  and\nGeorgi, Ryan  and\nTsai, Alicia  and\nAnastasopoulos, Antonios  and\nChandu, Khyathi Raghavi",
      "author": "Mahajan, Khyati  and\nShaikh, Samira",
      "title": "Studying The Effect of Emotional and Moral Language on Information Contagion during the Charlottesville Event",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "mahajan-shaikh-2020-studying",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "hulpus-etal-2020-knowledge": {
      "abstract": "Operationalizing morality is crucial for understanding multiple aspects of society that have moral values at their core {--} such as riots, mobilizing movements, public debates, etc. Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) has become one of the most adopted theories of morality partly due to its accompanying lexicon, the Moral Foundation Dictionary (MFD), which offers a base for computationally dealing with morality. In this work, we exploit the MFD in a novel direction by investigating how well moral values are captured by KGs. We explore three widely used KGs, and provide concept-level analogues for the MFD. Furthermore, we propose several Personalized PageRank variations in order to score all the concepts and entities in the KGs with respect to their relevance to the different moral values. Our promising results help to progress the operationalization of morality in both NLP and KG communities.",
      "pages": "71--80",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.starsem-1.8",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Barcelona, Spain (Online)",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Ninth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics",
      "editor": "Gurevych, Iryna  and\nApidianaki, Marianna  and\nFaruqui, Manaal",
      "author": "Hulpu{\\textcommabelow{s}}, Ioana  and\nKobbe, Jonathan  and\nStuckenschmidt, Heiner  and\nHirst, Graeme",
      "title": "Knowledge Graphs meet Moral Values",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "hulpus-etal-2020-knowledge",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "shahid-etal-2020-detecting": {
      "abstract": "We describe work in progress on detecting and understanding the moral biases of news sources by combining framing theory with natural language processing. First we draw connections between issue-specific frames and moral frames that apply to all issues. Then we analyze the connection between moral frame presence and news source political leaning. We develop and test a simple classification model for detecting the presence of a moral frame, highlighting the need for more sophisticated models. We also discuss some of the annotation and frame detection challenges that can inform future research in this area.",
      "pages": "120--125",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.nuse-1.15",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.nuse-1.15",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the First Joint Workshop on Narrative Understanding, Storylines, and Events",
      "editor": "Bonial, Claire  and\nCaselli, Tommaso  and\nChaturvedi, Snigdha  and\nClark, Elizabeth  and\nHuang, Ruihong  and\nIyyer, Mohit  and\nJaimes, Alejandro  and\nJi, Heng  and\nMartin, Lara J.  and\nMiller, Ben  and\nMitamura, Teruko  and\nPeng, Nanyun  and\nTetreault, Joel",
      "author": "Shahid, Usman  and\nDi Eugenio, Barbara  and\nRojecki, Andrew  and\nZheleva, Elena",
      "title": "Detecting and understanding moral biases in news",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "shahid-etal-2020-detecting",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "van-den-berg-etal-2020-doctor": {
      "isbn": "979-10-95546-34-4",
      "language": "English",
      "abstract": "Entity framing is the selection of aspects of an entity to promote a particular viewpoint towards that entity. We investigate entity framing of political figures through the use of names and titles in German online discourse, enhancing current research in entity framing through titling and naming that concentrates on English only. We collect tweets that mention prominent German politicians and annotate them for stance. We find that the formality of naming in these tweets correlates positively with their stance. This confirms sociolinguistic observations that naming and titling can have a status-indicating function and suggests that this function is dominant in German tweets mentioning political figures. We also find that this status-indicating function is much weaker in tweets from users that are politically left-leaning than in tweets by right-leaning users. This is in line with observations from moral psychology that left-leaning and right-leaning users assign different importance to maintaining social hierarchies.",
      "pages": "4924--4932",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.606",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association",
      "address": "Marseille, France",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nB{\\'e}chet, Fr{\\'e}d{\\'e}ric  and\nBlache, Philippe  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nCieri, Christopher  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nIsahara, Hitoshi  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, H{\\'e}l{\\`e}ne  and\nMoreno, Asuncion  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "van den Berg, Esther  and\nKorfhage, Katharina  and\nRuppenhofer, Josef  and\nWiegand, Michael  and\nMarkert, Katja",
      "title": "Doctor Who? Framing Through Names and Titles in German",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "van-den-berg-etal-2020-doctor",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "king-morante-2020-must": {
      "isbn": "979-10-95546-34-4",
      "language": "English",
      "abstract": "In this paper we analyze the use of modal verbs in a corpus of texts related to the vaccination debate. Broadly speaking, the vaccination debate centers around whether vaccination is safe, and whether it is morally acceptable to enforce mandatory vaccination. In order to successfully intervene and curb the spread of preventable diseases due to low vaccination rates, health practitioners need to be adequately informed on public perception of the safety and necessity of vaccines. Public perception can relate to the strength of conviction that an individual may have towards a proposition (e.g. {`}one must vaccinate{'} versus {`}one should vaccinate{'}), as well as qualify the type of proposition, be it related to morality ({`}government should not interfere in my personal choice{'}) or related to possibility ({`}too many vaccines at once could hurt my child{'}). Text mining and analysis of modal auxiliaries are economically viable means of gaining insights into these perspectives, particularly on a large scale due to the widespread use of social media and blogs as vehicles of communication.",
      "pages": "5730--5738",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.703",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association",
      "address": "Marseille, France",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nB{\\'e}chet, Fr{\\'e}d{\\'e}ric  and\nBlache, Philippe  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nCieri, Christopher  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nIsahara, Hitoshi  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, H{\\'e}l{\\`e}ne  and\nMoreno, Asuncion  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "King, Liza  and\nMorante, Roser",
      "title": "Must Children be Vaccinated or not? Annotating Modal Verbs in the Vaccination Debate",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "king-morante-2020-must",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "forbes-etal-2020-social": {
      "abstract": "Social norms{---}the unspoken commonsense rules about acceptable social behavior{---}are crucial in understanding the underlying causes and intents of people{'}s actions in narratives. For example, underlying an action such as {``}wanting to call cops on my neighbor{''} are social norms that inform our conduct, such as {``}It is expected that you report crimes.{''} We present SOCIAL CHEMISTRY, a new conceptual formalism to study people{'}s everyday social norms and moral judgments over a rich spectrum of real life situations described in natural language. We introduce SOCIAL-CHEM-101, a large-scale corpus that catalogs 292k rules-of-thumb such as {``}It is rude to run a blender at 5am{''} as the basic conceptual units. Each rule-of-thumb is further broken down with 12 different dimensions of people{'}s judgments, including social judgments of good and bad, moral foundations, expected cultural pressure, and assumed legality, which together amount to over 4.5 million annotations of categorical labels and free-text descriptions. Comprehensive empirical results based on state-of-the-art neural models demonstrate that computational modeling of social norms is a promising research direction. Our model framework, Neural Norm Transformer, learns and generalizes SOCIAL-CHEM-101 to successfully reason about previously unseen situations, generating relevant (and potentially novel) attribute-aware social rules-of-thumb.",
      "pages": "653--670",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.48",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.48",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "November",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)",
      "editor": "Webber, Bonnie  and\nCohn, Trevor  and\nHe, Yulan  and\nLiu, Yang",
      "author": "Forbes, Maxwell  and\nHwang, Jena D.  and\nShwartz, Vered  and\nSap, Maarten  and\nChoi, Yejin",
      "title": "Social Chemistry 101: Learning to Reason about Social and Moral Norms",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "forbes-etal-2020-social",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "wang-etal-2020-mian": {
      "language": "Chinese",
      "abstract": "道德词典资源的建设是人工智能伦理计算的一个研究重点。由于道德行为复杂多样,现有的英文道德词典分类体系并不完善,而中文方面目前尚未有相关的词典资源,理论体系和构建方法仍待探究。针对以上问题,该文提出了面向人工智能伦理计算的中文道德词典构建任务,设计了四类标签和四种类型,得到包含25,012个词的中文道德词典资源。实验结果表明,该词典资源不仅能够使机器学会道德知识,判断词的道德标签和类型,而且能够为句子级别的道德文本分析提供数据支持。",
      "pages": "539--549",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.ccl-1.50",
      "publisher": "Chinese Information Processing Society of China",
      "address": "Haikou, China",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "October",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 19th Chinese National Conference on Computational Linguistics",
      "editor": "Sun, Maosong  and\nLi, Sujian  and\nZhang, Yue  and\nLiu, Yang",
      "author": "Wang, Hongrui  and\nLiu, Chang  and\nYu, Dong",
      "title": "面向人工智能伦理计算的中文道德词典构建方法研究(Construction of a Chinese Moral Dictionary for Artificial Intelligence Ethical Computing)",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "wang-etal-2020-mian",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "kobbe-etal-2020-exploring": {
      "abstract": "Sentiment and stance are two important concepts for the analysis of arguments. We propose to add another perspective to the analysis, namely moral sentiment. We argue that moral values are crucial for ideological debates and can thus add useful information for argument mining. In the paper, we present different models for automatically predicting moral sentiment in debates and evaluate them on a manually annotated testset. We then apply our models to investigate how moral values in arguments relate to argument quality, stance and audience reactions.",
      "pages": "30--40",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.argmining-1.4",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Online",
      "year": "2020",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Argument Mining",
      "editor": "Cabrio, Elena  and\nVillata, Serena",
      "author": "Kobbe, Jonathan  and\nRehbein, Ines  and\nHulpu{\\textcommabelow{s}}, Ioana  and\nStuckenschmidt, Heiner",
      "title": "Exploring Morality in Argumentation",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "kobbe-etal-2020-exploring",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "iserman-etal-2019-dictionaries": {
      "abstract": "In this summary, we discuss our approach to the CLPsych Shared Task and its initial results. For our predictions in each task, we used a recursive partitioning algorithm (decision trees) to select from our set of features, which were primarily dictionary scores and counts of individual words. We focused primarily on Task A, which aimed to predict suicide risk, as rated by a team of expert clinicians (Shing et al., 2018), based on language used in SuicideWatch posts on Reddit. Category-level findings highlight the potential importance of social and moral language categories. Word-level correlates of risk levels underline the value of fine-grained data-driven approaches, revealing both theory-consistent and potentially novel correlates of suicide risk that may motivate future research.",
      "pages": "188--194",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/W19-3025",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/W19-3025",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology",
      "editor": "Niederhoffer, Kate  and\nHollingshead, Kristy  and\nResnik, Philip  and\nResnik, Rebecca  and\nLoveys, Kate",
      "author": "Iserman, Micah  and\nNalabandian, Taleen  and\nIreland, Molly",
      "title": "Dictionaries and Decision Trees for the 2019 CLPsych Shared Task",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "iserman-etal-2019-dictionaries",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "johnson-goldwasser-2019-modeling": {
      "abstract": "Political discourse on social media microblogs, specifically Twitter, has become an undeniable part of mainstream U.S. politics. Given the length constraint of tweets, politicians must carefully word their statements to ensure their message is understood by their intended audience. This constraint often eliminates the context of the tweet, making automatic analysis of social media political discourse a difficult task. To overcome this challenge, we propose simultaneous modeling of high-level abstractions of political language, such as political slogans and framing strategies, with abstractions of how politicians behave on Twitter. These behavioral abstractions can be further leveraged as forms of supervision in order to increase prediction accuracy, while reducing the burden of annotation. In this work, we use Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL) to build relational models to capture the similarities in language and behavior that obfuscate political messages on Twitter. When combined, these descriptors reveal the moral foundations underlying the discourse of U.S. politicians online, \\textit{across} differing governing administrations, showing how party talking points remain cohesive or change over time.",
      "pages": "100--109",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/W19-2112",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/W19-2112",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science",
      "editor": "Volkova, Svitlana  and\nJurgens, David  and\nHovy, Dirk  and\nBamman, David  and\nTsur, Oren",
      "author": "Johnson, Kristen  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "Modeling Behavioral Aspects of Social Media Discourse for Moral Classification",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "johnson-goldwasser-2019-modeling",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "rezapour-etal-2019-enhancing": {
      "abstract": "We investigate the relationship between basic principles of human morality and the expression of opinions in user-generated text data. We assume that people{'}s backgrounds, culture, and values are associated with their perceptions and expressions of everyday topics, and that people{'}s language use reflects these perceptions. While personal values and social effects are abstract and complex concepts, they have practical implications and are relevant for a wide range of NLP applications. To extract human values (in this paper, morality) and measure social effects (morality and stance), we empirically evaluate the usage of a morality lexicon that we expanded via a quality controlled, human in the loop process. As a result, we enhanced the Moral Foundations Dictionary in size (from 324 to 4,636 syntactically disambiguated entries) and scope. We used both lexica for feature-based and deep learning classification (SVM, RF, and LSTM) to test their usefulness for measuring social effects. We find that the enhancement of the original lexicon led to measurable improvements in prediction accuracy for the selected NLP tasks.",
      "pages": "35--45",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/W19-1305",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/W19-1305",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Minneapolis, USA",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis",
      "editor": "Balahur, Alexandra  and\nKlinger, Roman  and\nHoste, Veronique  and\nStrapparava, Carlo  and\nDe Clercq, Orphee",
      "author": "Rezapour, Rezvaneh  and\nShah, Saumil H.  and\nDiesner, Jana",
      "title": "Enhancing the Measurement of Social Effects by Capturing Morality",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "rezapour-etal-2019-enhancing",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "fraser-etal-2019-feel": {
      "abstract": "In 2014, a chatty but immobile robot called hitchBOT set out to hitchhike across Canada. It similarly made its way across Germany and the Netherlands, and had begun a trip across the USA when it was destroyed by vandals. In this work, we analyze the emotions and sentiments associated with words in tweets posted before and after hitchBOT{'}s destruction to answer two questions: Were there any differences in the emotions expressed across the different countries visited by hitchBOT? And how did the public react to the demise of hitchBOT? Our analyses indicate that while there were few cross-cultural differences in sentiment towards hitchBOT, there was a significant negative emotional reaction to its destruction, suggesting that people had formed an emotional connection with hitchBOT and perceived its destruction as morally wrong. We discuss potential implications of anthropomorphism and emotional attachment to robots from the perspective of robot ethics.",
      "pages": "62--71",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/W19-1308",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/W19-1308",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Minneapolis, USA",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis",
      "editor": "Balahur, Alexandra  and\nKlinger, Roman  and\nHoste, Veronique  and\nStrapparava, Carlo  and\nDe Clercq, Orphee",
      "author": "Fraser, Kathleen C.  and\nZeller, Frauke  and\nSmith, David Harris  and\nMohammad, Saif  and\nRudzicz, Frank",
      "title": "How do we feel when a robot dies? Emotions expressed on Twitter before and after hitchBOT's destruction",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "fraser-etal-2019-feel",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "santos-paraboni-2019-moral": {
      "abstract": "We introduce a labelled corpus of stances about moral issues for the Brazilian Portuguese language, and present reference results for both the stance recognition and polarity classification tasks. The corpus is built from Twitter and further expanded with data elicited through crowd sourcing and labelled by their own authors. Put together, the corpus and reference results are expected to be taken as a baseline for further studies in the field of stance recognition and polarity classification from text.",
      "pages": "1069--1075",
      "doi": "10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_123",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/R19-1123",
      "publisher": "INCOMA Ltd.",
      "address": "Varna, Bulgaria",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "September",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP 2019)",
      "editor": "Mitkov, Ruslan  and\nAngelova, Galia",
      "author": "Santos, Wesley  and\nParaboni, Ivandr{\\'e}",
      "title": "Moral Stance Recognition and Polarity Classification from Twitter and Elicited Text",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "santos-paraboni-2019-moral",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "wang-etal-2019-persuasion": {
      "abstract": "Developing intelligent persuasive conversational agents to change people{'}s opinions and actions for social good is the frontier in advancing the ethical development of automated dialogue systems. To do so, the first step is to understand the intricate organization of strategic disclosures and appeals employed in human persuasion conversations. We designed an online persuasion task where one participant was asked to persuade the other to donate to a specific charity. We collected a large dataset with 1,017 dialogues and annotated emerging persuasion strategies from a subset. Based on the annotation, we built a baseline classifier with context information and sentence-level features to predict the 10 persuasion strategies used in the corpus. Furthermore, to develop an understanding of personalized persuasion processes, we analyzed the relationships between individuals{'} demographic and psychological backgrounds including personality, morality, value systems, and their willingness for donation. Then, we analyzed which types of persuasion strategies led to a greater amount of donation depending on the individuals{'} personal backgrounds. This work lays the ground for developing a personalized persuasive dialogue system.",
      "pages": "5635--5649",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/P19-1566",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/P19-1566",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Florence, Italy",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "editor": "Korhonen, Anna  and\nTraum, David  and\nM{\\`a}rquez, Llu{\\'\\i}s",
      "author": "Wang, Xuewei  and\nShi, Weiyan  and\nKim, Richard  and\nOh, Yoojung  and\nYang, Sijia  and\nZhang, Jingwen  and\nYu, Zhou",
      "title": "Persuasion for Good: Towards a Personalized Persuasive Dialogue System for Social Good",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "wang-etal-2019-persuasion",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "li-etal-2019-multilingual": {
      "abstract": "This paper demonstrates a state-of-the-art end-to-end multilingual (English, Russian, and Ukrainian) knowledge extraction system that can perform entity discovery and linking, relation extraction, event extraction, and coreference. It extracts and aggregates knowledge elements across multiple languages and documents as well as provides visualizations of the results along three dimensions: temporal (as displayed in an event timeline), spatial (as displayed in an event heatmap), and relational (as displayed in entity-relation networks). For our system to further support users{'} analyses of causal sequences of events in complex situations, we also integrate a wide range of human moral value measures, independently derived from region-based survey, into the event heatmap. This system is publicly available as a docker container and a live demo.",
      "pages": "110--115",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/N19-4019",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/N19-4019",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "June",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Demonstrations)",
      "editor": "Ammar, Waleed  and\nLouis, Annie  and\nMostafazadeh, Nasrin",
      "author": "Li, Manling  and\nLin, Ying  and\nHoover, Joseph  and\nWhitehead, Spencer  and\nVoss, Clare  and\nDehghani, Morteza  and\nJi, Heng",
      "title": "Multilingual Entity, Relation, Event and Human Value Extraction",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "li-etal-2019-multilingual",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "xie-etal-2019-text": {
      "abstract": "We present a text-based framework for investigating moral sentiment change of the public via longitudinal corpora. Our framework is based on the premise that language use can inform people{'}s moral perception toward right or wrong, and we build our methodology by exploring moral biases learned from diachronic word embeddings. We demonstrate how a parameter-free model supports inference of historical shifts in moral sentiment toward concepts such as slavery and democracy over centuries at three incremental levels: moral relevance, moral polarity, and fine-grained moral dimensions. We apply this methodology to visualizing moral time courses of individual concepts and analyzing the relations between psycholinguistic variables and rates of moral sentiment change at scale. Our work offers opportunities for applying natural language processing toward characterizing moral sentiment change in society.",
      "pages": "4654--4663",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/D19-1472",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D19-1472",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Hong Kong, China",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "November",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)",
      "editor": "Inui, Kentaro  and\nJiang, Jing  and\nNg, Vincent  and\nWan, Xiaojun",
      "author": "Xie, Jing Yi  and\nFerreira Pinto Junior, Renato  and\nHirst, Graeme  and\nXu, Yang",
      "title": "Text-based inference of moral sentiment change",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "xie-etal-2019-text",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "r-c-n-2019-building": {
      "abstract": "Thirukkural is one of the famous Tamil Literatures in the world. It was written by Thiruvalluvar, and focuses on ethics and morality. It provides all possible solutions to lead a successful and a peaceful life fitting any generation. It has been translated into 82 global languages, which necessitate the access of Thirukkural in any language on the World Wide Web (WWW) and processing the Thirukkural computationally. This paper aims at constructing the Thirukkural Discourse Parser which finds the semantic relations in the Thirukkurals which can extract the hidden meaning in it and help in utilizing the same in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as, Summary Generation Systems, Information Retrieval (IR) Systems and Question Answering (QA) Systems. Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) is one of the discourse theories, which is used in NLP to find the coherence between texts. This paper finds the relation within the Thriukkurals and the discourse structure is created using the Thirukkural Discourse Parser. The resultant discourse structure of Thirukkural can be indexed and further be used by Summary Generation Systems, IR Systems and QA Systems. This facilitates the end user to access Thirukkural on WWW and get benefited. This Thirukkural Discourse Parser has been tested with all 1330 Thirukurals using precision and recall.",
      "pages": "18--25",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2019.icon-1.3",
      "publisher": "NLP Association of India",
      "address": "International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India",
      "year": "2019",
      "month": "December",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Sharma, Dipti Misra  and\nBhattacharya, Pushpak",
      "author": "R, Anita  and\nC N, Subalalitha",
      "title": "Building Discourse Parser for Thirukkural",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "r-c-n-2019-building",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "tommasel-etal-2018-textual": {
      "abstract": "Cyberbullying and cyberaggression are serious and widespread issues increasingly affecting Internet users. With the widespread of social media networks, bullying, once limited to particular places, can now occur anytime and anywhere. Cyberaggression refers to aggressive online behaviour that aims at harming other individuals, and involves rude, insulting, offensive, teasing or demoralising comments through online social media. Considering the dangerous consequences that cyberaggression has on its victims and its rapid spread amongst internet users (specially kids and teens), it is crucial to understand how cyberbullying occurs to prevent it from escalating. Given the massive information overload on the Web, there is an imperious need to develop intelligent techniques to automatically detect harmful content, which would allow the large-scale social media monitoring and early detection of undesired situations. This paper presents the Isistanitos{'}s approach for detecting aggressive content in multiple social media sites. The approach is based on combining Support Vector Machines and Recurrent Neural Network models for analysing a wide-range of character, word, word embeddings, sentiment and irony features. Results confirmed the difficulty of the task (particularly for detecting covert aggressions), showing the limitations of traditionally used features.",
      "pages": "177--187",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/W18-4421",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
      "year": "2018",
      "month": "August",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the First Workshop on Trolling, Aggression and Cyberbullying ({TRAC}-2018)",
      "editor": "Kumar, Ritesh  and\nOjha, Atul Kr.  and\nZampieri, Marcos  and\nMalmasi, Shervin",
      "author": "Tommasel, Antonela  and\nRodriguez, Juan Manuel  and\nGodoy, Daniela",
      "title": "Textual Aggression Detection through Deep Learning",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "tommasel-etal-2018-textual",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "johnson-goldwasser-2018-classification": {
      "abstract": "Previous works in computer science, as well as political and social science, have shown correlation in text between political ideologies and the moral foundations expressed within that text. Additional work has shown that policy frames, which are used by politicians to bias the public towards their stance on an issue, are also correlated with political ideology. Based on these associations, this work takes a first step towards modeling both the language and how politicians frame issues on Twitter, in order to predict the moral foundations that are used by politicians to express their stances on issues. The contributions of this work includes a dataset annotated for the moral foundations, annotation guidelines, and probabilistic graphical models which show the usefulness of jointly modeling abstract political slogans, as opposed to the unigrams of previous works, with policy frames for the prediction of the morality underlying political tweets.",
      "pages": "720--730",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/P18-1067",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/P18-1067",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Melbourne, Australia",
      "year": "2018",
      "month": "July",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
      "editor": "Gurevych, Iryna  and\nMiyao, Yusuke",
      "author": "Johnson, Kristen  and\nGoldwasser, Dan",
      "title": "Classification of Moral Foundations in Microblog Political Discourse",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "johnson-goldwasser-2018-classification",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "field-etal-2018-framing": {
      "abstract": "Amidst growing concern over media manipulation, NLP attention has focused on overt strategies like censorship and {``}fake news{''}. Here, we draw on two concepts from political science literature to explore subtler strategies for government media manipulation: agenda-setting (selecting what topics to cover) and framing (deciding how topics are covered). We analyze 13 years (100K articles) of the Russian newspaper Izvestia and identify a strategy of distraction: articles mention the U.S. more frequently in the month directly following an economic downturn in Russia. We introduce embedding-based methods for cross-lingually projecting English frames to Russian, and discover that these articles emphasize U.S. moral failings and threats to the U.S. Our work offers new ways to identify subtle media manipulation strategies at the intersection of agenda-setting and framing.",
      "pages": "3570--3580",
      "doi": "10.18653/v1/D18-1393",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D18-1393",
      "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
      "address": "Brussels, Belgium",
      "year": "2018",
      "month": "October-November",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
      "editor": "Riloff, Ellen  and\nChiang, David  and\nHockenmaier, Julia  and\nTsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
      "author": "Field, Anjalie  and\nKliger, Doron  and\nWintner, Shuly  and\nPan, Jennifer  and\nJurafsky, Dan  and\nTsvetkov, Yulia",
      "title": "Framing and Agenda-setting in Russian News: a Computational Analysis of Intricate Political Strategies",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "field-etal-2018-framing",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "van-den-heuvel-oostdijk-2016-falling": {
      "abstract": "In sources used in oral history research (such as interviews with eye witnesses), passages where the degree of personal emotional involvement is found to be high can be of particular interest, as these may give insight into how historical events were experienced, and what moral dilemmas and psychological or religious struggles were encountered. In a pilot study involving a large corpus of interview recordings with Dutch war veterans, we have investigated if it is possible to develop a method for automatically identifying those passages where the degree of personal emotional involvement is high. The method is based on the automatic detection of exceptionally large silences and filled pause segments (using Automatic Speech Recognition), and cues taken from specific n-grams. The first results appear to be encouraging enough for further elaboration of the method.",
      "pages": "998--1001",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/L16-1158",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
      "address": "Portoro{\\v{z}}, Slovenia",
      "year": "2016",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}'16)",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nGrobelnik, Marko  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, Helene  and\nMoreno, Asuncion  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "van den Heuvel, Henk  and\nOostdijk, Nelleke",
      "title": "Falling silent, lost for words ... Tracing personal involvement in interviews with Dutch war veterans",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "van-den-heuvel-oostdijk-2016-falling",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "fulgoni-etal-2016-empirical": {
      "abstract": "News sources frame issues in different ways in order to appeal or control the perception of their readers. We present a large scale study of news articles from partisan sources in the US across a variety of different issues. We first highlight that differences between sides exist by predicting the political leaning of articles of unseen political bias. Framing can be driven by different types of morality that each group values. We emphasize differences in framing of different news building on the moral foundations theory quantified using hand crafted lexicons. Our results show that partisan sources frame political issues differently both in terms of words usage and through the moral foundations they relate to.",
      "pages": "3730--3736",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/L16-1591",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
      "address": "Portoro{\\v{z}}, Slovenia",
      "year": "2016",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}'16)",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nGrobelnik, Marko  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, Helene  and\nMoreno, Asuncion  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "Fulgoni, Dean  and\nCarpenter, Jordan  and\nUngar, Lyle  and\nPreo{\\c{t}}iuc-Pietro, Daniel",
      "title": "An Empirical Exploration of Moral Foundations Theory in Partisan News Sources",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "fulgoni-etal-2016-empirical",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "orizu-he-2016-detecting": {
      "abstract": "The growth of social networking platforms has drawn a lot of attentions to the need for social computing. Social computing utilises human insights for computational tasks as well as design of systems that support social behaviours and interactions. One of the key aspects of social computing is the ability to attribute responsibility such as blame or praise to social events. This ability helps an intelligent entity account and understand other intelligent entities{'} social behaviours, and enriches both the social functionalities and cognitive aspects of intelligent agents. In this paper, we present an approach with a model for blame and praise detection in text. We build our model based on various theories of blame and include in our model features used by humans determining judgment such as moral agent causality, foreknowledge, intentionality and coercion. An annotated corpus has been created for the task of blame and praise detection from text. The experimental results show that while our model gives similar results compared to supervised classifiers on classifying text as blame, praise or others, it outperforms supervised classifiers on more finer-grained classification of determining the direction of blame and praise, i.e., self-blame, blame-others, self-praise or praise-others, despite not using labelled training data.",
      "pages": "4124--4129",
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/L16-1651",
      "publisher": "European Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
      "address": "Portoro{\\v{z}}, Slovenia",
      "year": "2016",
      "month": "May",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}'16)",
      "editor": "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and\nChoukri, Khalid  and\nDeclerck, Thierry  and\nGoggi, Sara  and\nGrobelnik, Marko  and\nMaegaard, Bente  and\nMariani, Joseph  and\nMazo, Helene  and\nMoreno, Asuncion  and\nOdijk, Jan  and\nPiperidis, Stelios",
      "author": "Orizu, Udochukwu  and\nHe, Yulan",
      "title": "Detecting Expressions of Blame or Praise in Text",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "orizu-he-2016-detecting",
      "source": "acl.jsonl"
   },
   "matsuo2019development": {
      "publisher": "Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA",
      "year": "2019",
      "pages": "e0213343",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "14",
      "journal": "PloS one",
      "author": "Matsuo, Akiko and Sasahara, Kazutoshi and Taguchi, Yasuhiro and Karasawa, Minoru",
      "title": "Development and validation of the Japanese moral foundations dictionary",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "matsuo2019development",
      "source": "plos_one_nlp.bib"
   },
   "xu2023tracking": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2023",
      "pages": "339--357",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "6",
      "journal": "Journal of Computational Social Science",
      "author": "Xu, Mengyao and Hu, Lingshu and Cameron, Glen T",
      "title": "Tracking moral divergence with DDR in presidential debates over 60 years",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "xu2023tracking",
      "source": "Springer_Journal_of_Computational_Social_Science.bib"
   },
   "sharag2019role": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2019",
      "pages": "221--244",
      "volume": "2",
      "journal": "Journal of Computational Social Science",
      "author": "Sharag-Eldin, Adiyana and Ye, Xinyue and Spitzberg, Brian and Tsou, Ming-Hsiang",
      "title": "The role of space and place in social media communication: two case studies of policy perspectives",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "sharag2019role",
      "source": "Springer_Journal_of_Computational_Social_Science.bib"
   },
   "pozsgai2021mapping": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2021",
      "pages": "851--881",
      "volume": "4",
      "journal": "Journal of Computational Social Science",
      "author": "Pozsgai-Alvarez, Joseph and Pastor Sanz, Iv{\\'a}n",
      "title": "Mapping the (anti-) corruption field: key topics and changing trends, 1968--2020",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "pozsgai2021mapping",
      "source": "Springer_Journal_of_Computational_Social_Science.bib"
   },
   "farrell2020vindication": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2020",
      "pages": "401--443",
      "volume": "3",
      "journal": "Journal of Computational Social Science",
      "author": "Farrell, Tracie and Gorrell, Genevieve and Bontcheva, Kalina",
      "title": "Vindication, virtue, and vitriol: A study of online engagement and abuse toward British MPs during the COVID-19 pandemic",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "farrell2020vindication",
      "source": "Springer_Journal_of_Computational_Social_Science.bib"
   },
   "stede2023framing": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2023",
      "pages": "1--29",
      "journal": "Journal of Computational Social Science",
      "author": "Stede, Manfred and Bracke, Yannic and Borec, Luka and Kinkel, Neele Charlotte and Skeppstedt, Maria",
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      "doi": "10.1609/AAAI.V37I10.26402",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i10.26402",
      "year": "2023",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "pages": "11882--11889",
      "booktitle": "Thirty-Seventh {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {AAAI}\n2023, Thirty-Fifth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial\nIntelligence, {IAAI} 2023, Thirteenth Symposium on Educational Advances\nin Artificial Intelligence, {EAAI} 2023, Washington, DC, USA, February\n7-14, 2023",
      "title": "Mitigating Adversarial Norm Training with Moral Axioms",
      "editor": "Brian Williams and\nYiling Chen and\nJennifer Neville",
      "author": "Taylor Olson and\nKenneth D. Forbus",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/OlsonF23",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/TatoND20": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/TatoND20.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 04 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1609/AAAI.V34I09.7066",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i09.7066",
      "year": "2020",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "pages": "13420--13427",
      "booktitle": "The Thirty-Fourth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {AAAI}\n2020, The Thirty-Second Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence\nConference, {IAAI} 2020, The Tenth {AAAI} Symposium on Educational\nAdvances in Artificial Intelligence, {EAAI} 2020, New York, NY, USA,\nFebruary 7-12, 2020",
      "title": "Using AI Techniques in a Serious Game for Socio-Moral Reasoning Development",
      "author": "Ange Tato and\nRoger Nkambou and\nAude Dufresne",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/TatoND20",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/0001MN19": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/0001MN19.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 04 Sep 2023 12:29:24 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1609/AAAI.V33I01.33017635",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017635",
      "year": "2019",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "pages": "7635--7642",
      "booktitle": "The Thirty-Third {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {AAAI}\n2019, The Thirty-First Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence\nConference, {IAAI} 2019, The Ninth {AAAI} Symposium on Educational\nAdvances in Artificial Intelligence, {EAAI} 2019, Honolulu, Hawaii,\nUSA, January 27 - February 1, 2019",
      "title": "Moral Permissibility of Action Plans",
      "author": "Felix Lindner and\nRobert Mattm{\\\"{u}}ller and\nBernhard Nebel",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/0001MN19",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/HalpernK18": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/HalpernK18.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 04 Sep 2023 12:29:24 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1609/AAAI.V32I1.11557",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11557",
      "year": "2018",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "pages": "1853--1860",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Thirty-Second {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence,\n(AAAI-18), the 30th innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence\n(IAAI-18), and the 8th {AAAI} Symposium on Educational Advances in\nArtificial Intelligence (EAAI-18), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, February\n2-7, 2018",
      "title": "Towards Formal Definitions of Blameworthiness, Intention, and Moral Responsibility",
      "editor": "Sheila A. McIlraith and\nKilian Q. Weinberger",
      "author": "Joseph Y. Halpern and\nMax Kleiman{-}Weiner",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/HalpernK18",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/ConitzerSBD017": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/ConitzerSBD017.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 04 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "url": "http://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/WS/AAAIW17/paper/view/15085",
      "year": "2017",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "volume": "{WS-17}",
      "series": "{AAAI} Technical Report",
      "booktitle": "The Workshops of the The Thirty-First {AAAI} Conference on Artificial\nIntelligence, Saturday, February 4-9, 2017, San Francisco, California,\n{USA}",
      "title": "Moral Decision Making Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence",
      "author": "Vincent Conitzer and\nWalter Sinnott{-}Armstrong and\nJana Schaich Borg and\nYuan Deng and\nMax Kramer",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/ConitzerSBD017",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/Blass16": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/Blass16.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 04 Sep 2023 15:08:28 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1609/AAAI.V30I1.9817",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v30i1.9817",
      "year": "2016",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "pages": "4289--4290",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Thirtieth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence,\nFebruary 12-17, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, {USA}",
      "title": "Interactive Learning and Analogical Chaining for Moral and Commonsense Reasoning",
      "editor": "Dale Schuurmans and\nMichael P. Wellman",
      "author": "Joseph A. Blass",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/Blass16",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/Kuipers16": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/Kuipers16.bib",
      "timestamp": "Tue, 05 Sep 2023 08:59:27 +0200",
      "url": "http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/WS/AAAIW16/paper/view/12581",
      "year": "2016",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "volume": "{WS-16-02}",
      "series": "{AAAI} Technical Report",
      "booktitle": "AI, Ethics, and Society, Papers from the 2016 {AAAI} Workshop, Phoenix,\nArizona, USA, February 13, 2016",
      "title": "Human-Like Morality and Ethics for Robots",
      "editor": "Blai Bonet and\nSven Koenig and\nBenjamin Kuipers and\nIllah R. Nourbakhsh and\nStuart Russell and\nMoshe Y. Vardi and\nToby Walsh",
      "author": "Benjamin Kuipers",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/Kuipers16",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/BlassF15": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/BlassF15.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 18 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1609/AAAI.V29I1.9226",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v29i1.9226",
      "year": "2015",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "pages": "501--507",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence,\nJanuary 25-30, 2015, Austin, Texas, {USA}",
      "title": "Moral Decision-Making by Analogy: Generalizations versus Exemplars",
      "editor": "Blai Bonet and\nSven Koenig",
      "author": "Joseph A. Blass and\nKenneth D. Forbus",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/BlassF15",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/GueriniPS15": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/GueriniPS15.bib",
      "timestamp": "Tue, 05 Sep 2023 08:59:27 +0200",
      "url": "http://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/WS/AAAIW15/paper/view/10108",
      "year": "2015",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "volume": "{WS-15-02}",
      "series": "{AAAI} Technical Report",
      "booktitle": "Artificial Intelligence and Ethics, Papers from the 2015 {AAAI} Workshop,\nAustin, Texas, USA, January 25, 2015",
      "title": "Is It Morally Acceptable for a System to Lie to Persuade Me?",
      "editor": "Toby Walsh",
      "author": "Marco Guerini and\nFabio Pianesi and\nOliviero Stock",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/GueriniPS15",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aaai/DehghaniTFK08": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/DehghaniTFK08.bib",
      "timestamp": "Tue, 05 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "url": "http://www.aaai.org/Library/AAAI/2008/aaai08-203.php",
      "year": "2008",
      "publisher": "{AAAI} Press",
      "pages": "1280--1286",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Twenty-Third {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence,\n{AAAI} 2008, Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 13-17, 2008",
      "title": "An Integrated Reasoning Approach to Moral Decision-Making",
      "editor": "Dieter Fox and\nCarla P. Gomes",
      "author": "Morteza Dehghani and\nEmmett Tomai and\nKenneth D. Forbus and\nMatthew Klenk",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aaai/DehghaniTFK08",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faaai%3A]2023-12-31.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ASONAM49781.2020.9381386": {
      "series": "ASONAM '20",
      "location": "Virtual Event, Netherlands",
      "keywords": "Twitter, moral judgement, MFT, latent semantic analysis, bot, moral foundations, white helmets",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "222–226",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 12th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining",
      "abstract": "Understanding moral foundations can yield powerful results in terms of perceiving the intended meaning of the text data, as the concept of morality provides additional information on the unobservable characteristics of information processing and non-conscious cognitive processes. Considering that moral values vary significantly across cultures and yet many recurrent themes are observed and that each culture builds its societal and ideological narratives on top of its moral virtues, an enhanced understanding of morality can prove to be a valuable tool in deterring disinformation narratives by adversaries. Therefore, we investigate the evolution of latent moral loadings over time and across different sub-narratives on human and bot-generated tweets. For this purpose, we analyze the Syrian White Helmets-related tweets from April 1st, 2018 to April 30th, 2019. For the operationalization and quantification of moral rhetoric in tweets, we use Moral Foundations Dictionary in which five psychological dimensions (Harm/Care, Subversion/Authority, Cheating/Fairness, Betrayal/Loyalty and Degradation/Purity) are considered. Our results present the significant differences between the strength and patterns of moral rhetoric for human and bot-generated content on Twitter.",
      "doi": "10.1109/ASONAM49781.2020.9381386",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ASONAM49781.2020.9381386",
      "publisher": "IEEE Press",
      "isbn": "9781728110561",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Do Bots Have Moral Judgement? The Difference between Bots and Humans in Moral Rhetoric",
      "author": "Mutlu, Ece \\c{C}i\\u{g}dem and Oghaz, Toktam and T\\\"{u}t\\\"{u}nc\\\"{u}ler, Ege and Garibay, Ivan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ASONAM49781.2020.9381386",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/SCCC51225.2020.9281258": {
      "month": "Nov",
      "issn": "1522-4902",
      "doi": "10.1109/SCCC51225.2020.9281258",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The Moral Foundations Theory defines foundations to explain human moral reasoning and its role in the decision-making process, including how information is perceived and interpreted. A problem related to aspects of moral values that is currently gaining notoriety is the spread of false information known as \"Fake News\". Natural language processing techniques are being used in social sciences studies to deal with the Fake News detection task. This work introduces and brings details from the development of MFD-BR, a Brazilian Portuguese lexicon based on the Moral Foundations Theory, designed to measure Moral Sentiment in texts. It also contributes to Fake News detection strategies by assessing the difference in moral dimensions to distinguish between reliable sources texts and texts originated from low-reputation sources (considered by fact-checking agencies).",
      "pages": "1-5",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "A Brazilian Portuguese Moral Foundations Dictionary for Fake News classification",
      "booktitle": "2020 39th International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC)",
      "author": "Carvalho, Flavio and Okuno, Helder Yukio and Baroni, Lais and Guedes, Gustavo",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/SCCC51225.2020.9281258",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426669": {
      "month": "April",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426669",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Rooted in the intuitionist approach to moral judgment, Moral Foundations Theory provides a reasonable coverage of moral concerns. It assumes a pluralistic first draft to the moral mind which develops under the influence of the environment and leads to cross-cultural differences in judgment of right and wrong. This study examines the mental representations of Iranians regarding morality using MFT as the framework. Participants were 172 Iranian adults. Their views on ideal society, and immoral and moral behaviors were obtained using open-ended questions which provided three different contexts to evoke morality-related conceptions. Responses were divided up into chunks and each chunk was categorized as belonging to moral foundations. A repeated measures analysis of variance was carried out with frequency of reference to foundations as the dependent variable being predicted by two within-subjects factors of question and moral foundation. Fairness, care, and sanctity were found to be the most salient moral foundations, whereas liberty and loyalty ranked last. Moreover, the interaction of question and foundation was significant. The pattern of Iranians' endorsement of foundations seems to be a blend of Western and Eastern moral profiles. The results also suggest that the pattern of reference to foundations was sensitive to semantic context. Notably, liberty, which is the recent addition to the list of moral foundations, was more easily evoked in the context of views on ideal society than within the context of questions on moral and immoral behaviors.",
      "pages": "72-76",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "Mental representation of morality: The endorsement pattern of moral foundations among Iranians",
      "booktitle": "2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)",
      "author": "Nejat, Pegah and Bagherian, Fatemeh and Shokri, Omid and Hatami, Javad",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426669",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ASONAM.2018.8508244": {
      "month": "Aug",
      "issn": "2473-991X",
      "doi": "10.1109/ASONAM.2018.8508244",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "We address the problem of detecting expressions of moral values in tweets using content analysis. This is a particularly challenging problem because moral values are often only implicitly signaled in language, and tweets contain little contextual information due to length constraints. To address these obstacles, we present a novel approach to automatically acquire background knowledge from an external knowledge base to enrich input texts and thus improve moral value prediction. By combining basic textual features with background knowledge, our overall context-aware framework achieves performance comparable to a single human annotator. Our approach obtains 13.3% absolute F -score gains compared to our baseline model that only uses textual features.",
      "pages": "552-559",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Acquiring Background Knowledge to Improve Moral Value Prediction",
      "booktitle": "2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)",
      "author": "Lin, Ying and Hoover, Joe and Portillo-Wightman, Gwenyth and Park, Christina and Dehghani, Morteza and Ji, Heng",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ASONAM.2018.8508244",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3326429": {
      "month": "",
      "issn": "2169-3536",
      "doi": "10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3326429",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The popularity of current communication technologies has boosted the spread of polarization and radical ideologies, which can be exploited by terrorist organizations. Building upon previous research, this work focuses on the task of automatic radicalization detection in texts using natural language processing and machine learning techniques. In this way, we investigate the effectiveness of integrating moral values through the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). Moral values play a crucial role in identifying ideological inclinations and can have a significant impact on the radicalization detection task. Our approach distinguishes itself in the feature extraction stage, leveraging moral values, emotions, and similarity-based features that utilize word embeddings. Additionally, we thoroughly evaluate the proposed representations with three distinct datasets that model radicalization and use the SHAP method to gain relevant insight into the models’ reasoning.",
      "pages": "119634-119646",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "11",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Contextualization of a Radical Language Detection System Through Moral Values and Emotions",
      "journal": "IEEE Access",
      "author": "Real, Patricia Alonso Del and Araque, Oscar",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3326429",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/BigData.2017.8258402": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/BigData.2017.8258402",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Moral inclinations expressed in user-generated content such as online reviews can provide useful insight to understand and predict people's rating behavior. In this work, we extracted a corpus of over 7,000 online reviews on Yelp that express moral concerns, and associated them to five moral factors defined in Moral Foundations Theory using the Doc2Vec natural language processing technique. We compared the rating distributions between the regular reviewers and the moral-concerned reviewers, and found that their rating patterns significantly differ from each other. Our findings also indicate that people with moral concerns tend to rate lower if a moral foundation is violated. Moreover, among the five moral factors, purity is the most distinctive moral foundation.",
      "pages": "3938-3945",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "Understanding rating behavior based on moral foundations: The case of Yelp reviews",
      "booktitle": "2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)",
      "author": "Nokhiz, Pegah and Li, Fengjun",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/BigData.2017.8258402",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/BigData.2016.7840889": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/BigData.2016.7840889",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Moral foundations theory explains variations in moral behavior using innate moral foundations: Care, Fairness, Ingroup, Authority, and Purity, along with experimental supports. However, little is known about the roles of and relationships between those foundations in everyday moral situations. To address these, we quantify moral foundations from a large amount of online conversations (tweets) about moral topics on the social media site Twitter. We measure moral loadings using latent semantic analysis of tweets related to topics on abortion, homosexuality, immigration, religion, and immorality in general, showing how the five moral foundations function in spontaneous conversations about moral violating situations. The results indicate that although the five foundations are mutually related, Purity is the most distinctive foundation and Care is the most dominant foundation in everyday conversations on immorality. Our study shows a new possibility of natural language processing and social big data for moral psychology.",
      "pages": "2505-2512",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "Quantifying moral foundations from various topics on Twitter conversations",
      "booktitle": "2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)",
      "author": "Kaur, Rishemjit and Sasahara, Kazutoshi",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/BigData.2016.7840889",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ISCAIE47305.2020.9108827": {
      "month": "April",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ISCAIE47305.2020.9108827",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In today's modern society, many parents are busy building a successful career and it is very common that there are many young families with both parents working. Hence, the young children of such families will be placed in day-care centres or they are looked after by their grandparents and maids. Working parents would not be spending much quality time with their children and providing them with moral guidance. This group of children, if not given adequate and proper guidance, would not know much about good moral values. There are also children who grow up around people who do not practise good moral values and commit all types of wrongdoings such as cheating, stealing, bullying, being selfish, greedy, uncaring and ill-treating animals. It is easy for children to be influenced by such actions and behaviours. Therefore, this research plans to assist in imparting moral values to children by using the concept of “edutainment” with the use of a mobile application. Based on the results collected in this research, the application is fully functional without any bugs because all the respondents who took part in the testing of the application were able to launch the application on their mobile phones successfully. The results also show that the mobile application is well received by both parents and the children and it has been effective in helping children aged 4 to 9 to have a better understanding of moral values.",
      "pages": "79-85",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Adoption of Mobile Technology in Teaching Moral Values to Children: A Study in Malaysia",
      "booktitle": "2020 IEEE 10th Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE)",
      "author": "Ming Jian, Nicolas Lim and Mon, Chit Su and Subaramaniam, Kasthuri",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ISCAIE47305.2020.9108827",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICIM58774.2023.00024": {
      "month": "March",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICIM58774.2023.00024",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets that have recently gained significant popularity, particularly in the digital art sector. The success of NFTs and other blockchain-based innovations depends on their ac-acceptance and use by consumers. This study aims to understand the impact of moral values on the acceptance of NFTs. Based on a quantitative survey with over 800 complete responses, the analysis shows that moral aspects of NFTs are indeed important for potential users. However, there is an attitude-behavior gap, as the positive impact of moral values on the intention to use NFTs is not reflected in the actual current usage of NFTs by the respondents. This study contributes to knowledge by providing new empirical data on the acceptance of NFTs and highlighting the role of moral values on the acceptance decision.",
      "pages": "98-103",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Buying NFTs to Support Artists? The Impact of Moral Values on the Acceptance of NFTs",
      "booktitle": "2023 International Conference on Information Management (ICIM)",
      "author": "Planing, Patrick and Schlegel, Dennis and Häberle, Linus",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICIM58774.2023.00024",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1162/jocn_a_00239": {
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "1657–1663",
      "month": "aug",
      "journal": "J. Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "abstract": "Moral sentiment has been hypothesized to reflect evolved adaptations to social living. If so, individual differences in moral values may relate to regional variation in brain structure. We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 70 young, healthy adults examining whether differences on two major dimensions of moral values were significantly associated with regional gray matter volume. The two clusters of moral values assessed were \"individualizing\" (values of harm/care and fairness) and \"binding\" (deference to authority, in-group loyalty, and purity/sanctity). Individualizing was positively associated with left dorsomedial pFC volume and negatively associated with bilateral precuneus volume. For binding, a significant positive association was found for bilateral subcallosal gyrus and a trend to significance for the left anterior insula volume. These findings demonstrate that variation in moral sentiment reflects individual differences in brain structure and suggest a biological basis for moral sentiment, distributed across multiple brain regions.",
      "doi": "10.1162/jocn_a_00239",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00239",
      "issn": "0898-929X",
      "number": "8",
      "volume": "24",
      "address": "Cambridge, MA, USA",
      "publisher": "MIT Press",
      "issue_date": "August 2012",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "Moral Values Are Associated with Individual Differences in Regional Brain Volume",
      "author": "Lewis, Gary J. and Kanai, Ryota and Bates, Timothy C. and Rees, Geraint",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1162/jocn_a_00239",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ASONAM55673.2022.10068681": {
      "series": "ASONAM '22",
      "location": "Istanbul, Turkey",
      "keywords": "subjective annotations, ambiguity, noisy annotations, annotation, crowd-sourcing",
      "numpages": "8",
      "pages": "147–154",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining",
      "abstract": "Morality plays an important role in culture, identity, and emotion. Recent advances in natural language processing have shown that it is possible to classify moral values expressed in text at scale. Morality classification relies on human annotators to label the moral expressions in text, which provides training data to achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, these annotations are inherently subjective and some of the instances are hard to classify, resulting in noisy annotations due to error or lack of agreement. The presence of noise in training data harms the classifier's ability to accurately recognize moral foundations from text. We propose two metrics to audit the noise of annotations. The first metric is entropy of instance labels, which is a proxy measure of annotator disagreement about how the instance should be labeled. The second metric is the silhouette coefficient of a label assigned by an annotator to an instance. This metric leverages the idea that instances with the same label should have similar latent representations, and deviations from collective judgments are indicative of errors. Our experiments on three widely used moral foundations datasets show that removing noisy annotations based on the proposed metrics improves classification performance.1",
      "doi": "10.1109/ASONAM55673.2022.10068681",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ASONAM55673.2022.10068681",
      "publisher": "IEEE Press",
      "isbn": "9781665456616",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Noise Audits Improve Moral Foundation Classification",
      "author": "Mokhberian, Negar and Hopp, Frederic R. and Harandizadeh, Bahareh and Morstatter, Fred and Lerman, Kristina",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ASONAM55673.2022.10068681",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICCASE.2011.5997670": {
      "month": "July",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICCASE.2011.5997670",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In short, to strengthen and improve ideological and political education, universities need to sum up the 20th century in the system 90 years since our Party in particular, ideological and political education on the basis of the basic experience, thoroughly implement the General Secretary Hu Jin-tao's important speech, and the \"CPC Central Committee and the State Department on Further Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Education \"spirit, the educational concept, education content, education, carrier, education system, education system and education of thinking, people-oriented, and constantly improve the ideological and political education in the new situation and continue to bring students ideological and political education in a new situation, and the contemporary university students to become conscious of Deng Xiaoping Theory, \"Three Represents\" important thought and practice the scientific development concept, a force of building a socialist harmonious society, as the great rejuvenation of the force.",
      "pages": "1-4",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "The Study on College Ideological and Political Education People-Oriented Modern Moral Values",
      "booktitle": "2011 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE)",
      "author": "Liu, Yongfang",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICCASE.2011.5997670",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1162/jocn.2011.21638": {
      "numpages": "6",
      "pages": "2117–2122",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "J. Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "doi": "10.1162/jocn.2011.21638",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21638",
      "issn": "0898-929X",
      "number": "9",
      "volume": "23",
      "address": "Cambridge, MA, USA",
      "publisher": "MIT Press",
      "issue_date": "September 2011",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "How Moral Foundations Theory Succeeded in Building on Sand: A Response to Suhler and Churchland",
      "author": "Haidt, Jonathan and Joseph, Craig",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1162/jocn.2011.21638",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/MTS.2019.2948439": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "1937-416X",
      "doi": "10.1109/MTS.2019.2948439",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In the political debate on Autonomous Weapon Systems strong views and opinions are voiced, but empirical research to support these opinions is lacking. Insight into which moral values are related to the deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems is missing. We describe the empirical results of two studies on moral values regarding Autonomous Weapon Systems that aim to understand the perception of people pertaining to the introduction of Autonomous Weapon Systems. One study consists of a sample of military personnel of the Dutch Ministry of Defense and the second study contains a sample of civilians. The results indicate both groups are more anxious about the deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems than about the deployment of Human Operated drones, and that they perceive Autonomous Weapon Systems to have less respect for the dignity of human life. The concerns for Autonomous Weapon Systems creating new kinds of psychological and moral harm is very present in the public debate, and this is in our opinion one element that deserves to be carefully considered in future debates on the ethics of the design and deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems. The results of these studies reveal a common ground regarding the moral values of human dignity and anxiety pertaining the introduction of Autonomous Weapon Systems which could further the ethical debate.",
      "pages": "34-44",
      "number": "4",
      "volume": "38",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Moral Values Related to Autonomous Weapon Systems: An Empirical Survey that Reveals Common Ground for the Ethical Debate",
      "journal": "IEEE Technology and Society Magazine",
      "author": "Verdiesen, Ilse and Santoni de Sio, Filippo and Dignum, Virginia",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/MTS.2019.2948439",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1162/jocn.2011.21637": {
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "2103–2116",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "J. Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "abstract": "Jonathan Haidt's Moral Foundations Theory is an influential scientific account of morality incorporating psychological, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. The theory proposes that morality is built upon five innate \"foundations,\" each of which is believed to have been selected for during human evolution and, subsequently, tuned-up by learning during development. We argue here that although some general elements of Haidt's theory are plausible, many other important aspects of his account are seriously flawed. First, innateness and modularity figure centrally in Haidt's account, but terminological and conceptual problems foster confusion and ambiguities. Second, both the theory's proposed number of moral foundations and its taxonomy of the moral domain appear contrived, ignoring equally good candidate foundations and the possibility of substantial intergroup differences in the foundations' contents. Third, the mechanisms (viz., modules) and categorical distinctions (viz., between foundations) proposed by the theory are not consilient with discoveries in contemporary neuroscience concerning the organization, functioning, and development of the brain. In light of these difficulties, we suggest that Haidt's theory is inadequate as a scientific account of morality. Nevertheless, the theory's weaknesses are instructive, and hence, criticism may be useful to psychologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers attempting to advance theories of morality, as well as to researchers wishing to invoke concepts such as innateness and modularity more generally.",
      "doi": "10.1162/jocn.2011.21637",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21637",
      "issn": "0898-929X",
      "number": "9",
      "volume": "23",
      "address": "Cambridge, MA, USA",
      "publisher": "MIT Press",
      "issue_date": "September 2011",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "Review: Can Innate, Modular \"Foundations\" Explain Morality? Challenges for Haidt's Moral Foundations Theory",
      "author": "Suhler, Christopher L. and Churchland, Patricia",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1162/jocn.2011.21637",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ECAI.2017.8166493": {
      "month": "June",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ECAI.2017.8166493",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The character traits usually start at early ages of children and so it is good to know how this should be dealt with in order to remove deviations from the moral ontological trace of each individual, directing him on the right path of truth and in the direction of acquiring a harmonious personality, in full consonance with the educational ideal required by the society. The paper presents the techniques for the investigation of character traits involved in the formation of the personality as regards the primary school-aged pupils. Different psycho-diagnosis tools of lie, such as negative character trait, research methodology, its description, as well as analysis of the results and the related conclusions are examined analytically. In order to achieve this aim, an important task is incumbent on the education, school through the inoculation of the social moral values and by offering the pupils, models worthy to be followed.",
      "pages": "1-4",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "Moral education — a MUST of the postmodern society",
      "booktitle": "2017 9th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)",
      "author": "Popa, Crina Dumitriţa",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ECAI.2017.8166493",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/TAFFC.2020.3034050": {
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "857–863",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput.",
      "abstract": "The language employed by an individual when discussing topics of a moral nature (of the kind typically found in, e.g., social media) is revealing not only of the text affective contents itself, but also of the individual who wrote the text in the first place. Based on these observations, this work intends to illustrate how two kinds of morality-related information may be inferred from text by presenting a number of shallow and deep learning models of moral stance and moral foundations classification. In doing so, we introduce a novel corpus of texts labelled with moral foundation scores, and a novel approach to fine-grained, human-centric moral foundations classification that is, to the best of our knowledge, among the first NLP studies of this kind.",
      "doi": "10.1109/TAFFC.2020.3034050",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2020.3034050",
      "issn": "1949-3045",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "14",
      "address": "Washington, DC, USA",
      "publisher": "IEEE Computer Society Press",
      "issue_date": "Jan.-March 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Morality Classification in Natural Language Text",
      "author": "Pavan, Matheus Camasmie and dos Santos, Vitor Garcia and Lan, Alex Gwo Jen and Martins, Jo\\~{a}o Trevisan and dos Santos, Wesley Ramos and Deutsch, Caio and da Costa, Pablo Botton and Hsieh, Fernando Chiu and Paraboni, Ivandr\\'{e}",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/TAFFC.2020.3034050",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/DEVLRN.2019.8850726": {
      "month": "Aug",
      "issn": "2161-9484",
      "doi": "10.1109/DEVLRN.2019.8850726",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "This paper aims to chart the (moral) values from a robotic industry's perspective regarding the introduction of robots in education. To our knowledge, no studies thus far have addressed this perspective in considering the moral values within this robotic domain. However, their values could conflict with the values upheld by other relevant stakeholders, such as the values of teachers, parents or children. Hence, it is crucial to take the various perspectives of relevant stakeholder's moral values into account. For this study, multiple focus group sessions (n=3) were conducted in The Netherlands with representatives (n=13) of robotic companies on their views of robots in primary education. Their perceptions in terms of opportunities and concerns, were then linked to business values reported in the extant literature. Results show that out of 26 business values, mainly six business values appeared relevant for robot tutors: 1) profitability, 2) productivity, 3 & 4) innovation and creativity, 5) competitiveness, and 6) risk orientation organization..",
      "pages": "54-60",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Robots are Good for Profit: A Business Perspective on Robots in Education",
      "booktitle": "2019 Joint IEEE 9th International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob)",
      "author": "Goudzwaard, Michael and Smakman, Matthijs and Konijn, Elly A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/DEVLRN.2019.8850726",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/IUSER.2010.5716762": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/IUSER.2010.5716762",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Ethical considerations should be applied not only when faced with ethical situations when using information system, but even from the development stage of the system itself. In regards to this, Islamic ethical values are a feasible alternative to mainstream ethical theories to be used as a guideline for ethical analysis. An apt framework for ethical analysis of information system is socio-technical system. Socio-technical system facilitates identifying the various components of an information system and how ethical values can be embedded in these components.",
      "pages": "256-261",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2010",
      "title": "Islamic ethical values in information system design",
      "booktitle": "2010 International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr)",
      "author": "Fadzlin Ahmadon and Rosmawati, Nordin and Rashidah Mohd Rawi",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/IUSER.2010.5716762",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/FIE49875.2021.9637275": {
      "month": "Oct",
      "issn": "2377-634X",
      "doi": "10.1109/FIE49875.2021.9637275",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "This work-in-progress research paper reports on an ongoing research study which addresses two research questions: RQ1) What are the moral narratives of engineering practitioners across industry sectors? RQ2) How are the engineers' moral narratives influenced by the organizational cultures of their workplaces? As stories that support and sustain one's moral life, moral narratives influence one's ethical decision-making. While it is expected that a better understanding of engineers' moral narratives can be helpful for improving engineering ethics education, little is known about engineers' moral narratives. This paper explains the methodological approach we are taking to answer the research questions. This paper also describes potential implications of this study by introducing a new pedagogical approach called Scaffolded Ethics Autobiography for engineering ethics education.",
      "pages": "1-4",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Moral Narratives of Practicing Engineers Across Industry Sectors for Engineering Ethics Education",
      "booktitle": "2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)",
      "author": "Kim, Dayoung and Jesiek, Brent K. and Loui, Michael C.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/FIE49875.2021.9637275",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/MCOM.2015.7321967": {
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "30–34",
      "month": "nov",
      "journal": "Comm. Mag.",
      "abstract": "Engineering ethics education is taking on increasing importance worldwide, but in Chile the percentage of universities that have a mandatory course concerning ethics is still small. Traditionally, Chilean universities with existing ethics courses teach them using a philosophical or theological perspective, limited to occidental theories, and usually from a Christian point of view. This article studies the impact of a new methodology and technique to teach ethics in Chile: case-based, non-normative, and with a critical-descriptive approach. An empirical study is conducted to assess the relative impact of an ethics class on students individual and inherent moral values and attitudes, and understand the factors that contribute to this impact. Results indicate that even though the importance of religion in Chile is decreasing, it is still a major source of students' ethical principles and moral values. In addition, results suggest that a change in moral values develops when discussions among groups with different points of view occur.",
      "doi": "10.1109/MCOM.2015.7321967",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7321967",
      "issn": "0163-6804",
      "number": "11",
      "volume": "53",
      "publisher": "IEEE Press",
      "issue_date": "November 2015",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "The Effect of a Stand-Alone Ethics Course in Chilean Engineering Students' Attitudes",
      "author": "Murrugarra, Ruth I. and Wallace, William A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/MCOM.2015.7321967",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/HICSS.2008.324": {
      "series": "HICSS '08",
      "pages": "290",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences",
      "abstract": "This cross-cultural comparison of approximately 600 youth in China and 600 youth in the U.S. focused on the moral values, acceptability of a variety of morally questionable online behaviors, and the relationship between moral values and acceptability of online behaviors. Findings indicated differences both in moral values and in behaviors that Chinese and U.S. youth believed were acceptable in the virtual world. Chinese youth found more behaviors acceptable than did U.S. youth, with the exception of videogame violence, which U.S. youth found more acceptable. The value placed on peer approval predicted the acceptability of morally questionable online behaviors, suggesting that a peer culture supporting such behaviors may account for their acceptability among Chinese youth. Educational interventions designed to reduce morally questionable online behaviors by taking cultural values into account are discussed, as is the need for additional research to establish a link between beliefs about acceptability and actual online behaviors.",
      "doi": "10.1109/HICSS.2008.324",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.324",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IEEE Computer Society",
      "isbn": "0769530758",
      "year": "2008",
      "title": "Morality in Cyberspace: A Comparison of Chinese and U.S. Youth's Beliefs about Acceptable Online Behavior",
      "author": "Jackson, Linda A. and Zhao, Yong and Qiu, Wei and Iii, Anothony Kolenic and Fitzgerald, Hiram E. and Harold, Rena and Eye, Alexander von",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/HICSS.2008.324",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1093/lpr/mgq009": {
      "month": "Sep.",
      "issn": "1470-840X",
      "doi": "10.1093/lpr/mgq009",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Based on the beliefs that human life and pregnancy begin at conception, that human life has equal moral value regardless of its development stage or form, and that emergency contraception (EC) has mechanisms of action that may induce abortion, Catholic health care facilities are not permitted to provide EC to rape victims if any possibility exists that a woman may have conceived due to her rape, even if that possibility is unverifiable. The Catholic Church claims that the mechanism of action of EC is uncertain and that some studies have concluded that disruption of implantation, which the Church considers to be abortion, may occur. Drawing on insights from feminist epistemology (e.g. work by Helen Longino) and arguments at the intersection of bioethics and philosophy of science (including work by Robert Veatch and Grant Gillett), we argue that the Church's position on this matter is based on uncertain (and misinterpreted) scientific claims and that particular normative (moral and theological) commitments on the part of those wielding power over Church Law lead to a weighing of probabilities in a manner consonant with the preservation of that power. In this paper, we examine how normative commitments infuse or infect the assessment of probability and influence ethical policy. We also examine how probabilism, a moral method that operates within the constraints of Catholic normative commitments, offers an alternative approach which respects, acknowledges, and maximizes an individual's ability to determine probable reason for moral action in the face of irreducible uncertainty.",
      "pages": "187-199",
      "number": "3-4",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "2010",
      "title": "Emergency contraception policy: how moral commitments affect risk evaluation",
      "journal": "Law, Probability and Risk",
      "author": "Satkoske, Valerie B. and Parker, Lisa S.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1093/lpr/mgq009",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893412": {
      "month": "May",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893412",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Engineering ethics education is taking on increasing importance due to globalization, where current and new global issues need to be addressed with both technologies and values. In particular, multiculturalism is part of the process of globalization, and that can be seen in U.S. universities whose students have different nationalities, ethnicities, and cultures. But we know very little about the impact engineering ethics education has on students' ethical values or attitudes and moreover, if diversity contributes to it. An empirical study is conducted to first, assess the relative impact of an ethics class in student's individual and inherent moral values, and second, to determine if demographic characteristics of the students as individuals and as a group contributes to this impact. An initial Schwartz value profile of each student was obtained at the beginning of the semester and compared to their after-class value profile. This study concludes the team interaction among members of multicultural teams is the main contributor influencing moral values.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "Cross-cultural and cross-national impact of ethics education on engineering students",
      "booktitle": "2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering",
      "author": "Murrugarra, Ruth I. and Wallace, William A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893412",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ISAMSR.2016.7810004": {
      "month": "Aug",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ISAMSR.2016.7810004",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The ability of rational agents to work in a team is one of their special characteristics that can help achieve their shared goals. However, in certain conditions, conflict may occur in an agent society; especially if there are selfish agents. A selfish agent places the achievement of its own goal as the main priority in its actions. To strike a balance between the achievement of an agent's own goal and its shared goal, strong moral values should be instilled in software agent environments. Sincerity is one strong human moral values that has been proven to bring many benefits to human society and reduce selfish attitude. By adapting human sincere behaviour, conflicts in software agent society could be mitigated. Sincerity behaviour can also influence a software agent to be more rational in its action and sensitive to its work environment. In our work, we study the situations in which software agents demonstrate sincere behavior in task performances. This paper proposes algorithms of sincere actions of rational agents when completing a given task.",
      "pages": "63-68",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "The rationality of sincere software agent in task completion",
      "booktitle": "2016 2nd International Symposium on Agent, Multi-Agent Systems and Robotics (ISAMSR)",
      "author": "Jaafar, Nur Huda and Ahmad, Mohd Sharifuddin and Ahmad, Azhana",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ISAMSR.2016.7810004",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/AI4G50087.2020.9311054": {
      "month": "Sep.",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/AI4G50087.2020.9311054",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Improving performance of artificial intelligence (AI) has been the most important focus of AI studies. As a result, AI is expected to replace what considered to be done by human intelligence. Additionally, human societies are willing to accept AI agents as members to collaborate with. For AI agents to be successfully integrated into human societies, the agents must understand important values in the societies. Ethics is a system of values that sustain the societies and it is considered as the most important. Therefore, there should be a way for AI agents to understand ethical values of human societies. In this paper, we show how to extract ethical values and moral values of the age from news articles using natural language processing. Our result shows that from newspaper articles ethical and moral values could be extracted and modeled for AI agents to refer. In conclusion AI can calculated ethicality of text by itself. In the future, we can develop more ethical autonomous AI agents.",
      "pages": "210-217",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Building Ethical AI from News Articles",
      "booktitle": "2020 IEEE / ITU International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Good (AI4G)",
      "author": "Kim, Wonchul and Lee, Keeheon",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/AI4G50087.2020.9311054",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/IEEESTD.2021.9321783": {
      "month": "Jan",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/IEEESTD.2021.9321783",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In today's digital age, technology has a firm grasp on practically every aspect of human life, consequently there is growing cross-sector demand to help individuals build digital competencies such as digital literacy, digital skills, and digital readiness. However, there is no universally accepted meaning of terms like “digital literacy,” “digital skills,” or “digital readiness,” which can lead to difficulty coordinating efforts to improve digital competencies worldwide. Digital Intelligence (DQ) was developed to encompass a comprehensive set of technical, cognitive, meta-cognitive, and socio-emotional competencies, which are grounded in universal moral values and enable individuals to face the challenges of digital life and adapt to its demands. The DQ Framework is comprised of 8 areas of digital life--identity, use, safety, security, emotional intelligence, literacy, communication, and rights--across 3 levels of experience--citizenship, creativity, and competitiveness. The objective of this standard is to establish a DQ global standard that encompasses a common framework to ensure that digital competency building efforts are coordinated globally. It includes a common set of definitions, language, and understanding of digital literacy, skills, and readiness that can be adopted by all stakeholders worldwide, including national governments, the educational industry, the technology industry, international agencies, private companies, and society as a whole.",
      "pages": "1-47",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "IEEE Standard for Digital Intelligence (DQ)--Framework for Digital Literacy, Skills, and Readiness",
      "journal": "IEEE Std 3527.1-2020",
      "author": "",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/IEEESTD.2021.9321783",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/MIC.2023.3236826": {
      "numpages": "6",
      "pages": "51–56",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "IEEE Internet Computing",
      "abstract": "As smart cities increasingly become real, an ethical framework for them becomes increasingly necessary. Surprisingly, current approaches largely disregard such a framework and concentrate primarily on challenges pertaining to the data lifecycle. However, a smart city involves much more than data gathering: it involves the interactions of residents, businesses, and government agencies with respect to public and private resources subject to potentially subtle regulations and other norms. This article introduces a sociotechnical view of smart cities and shows how it may be profitably mapped to the moral foundation theory to provide a comprehensive ethical framework.",
      "doi": "10.1109/MIC.2023.3236826",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2023.3236826",
      "issn": "1089-7801",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "27",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IEEE Educational Activities Department",
      "issue_date": "March-April 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Toward an Ethical Framework for Smart Cities and the Internet of Things",
      "author": "Singh, Munindar P. and Murukannaiah, Pradeep K. and Singh, Munindar P. and Murukannaiah, Pradeep K.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/MIC.2023.3236826",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICSEC47112.2019.8974761": {
      "month": "Oct",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICSEC47112.2019.8974761",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup is one of the folk stories originating from Riau Province. This folk tale has a fairly good moral value to be conveyed to the next generation, which is to be kind, caring, and maintaining the mandate given by parents. The current generation, commonly referred to as Z generation, is not accustomed to reading books, this generation uses smartphones more often to access technology, while the folklore of Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup is mostly still in book form. This research raises the folklore of Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup using Augmented Reality technology, so the Z generation is interested in seeing and listening to this folk tale. This study uses Blender for making 3D animations and Kudan SDK libraries with markerless techniques for Augmented Reality and user interface uses Unity application and runs on the Android operating system. The Augmented Reality of Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup folklore concluded that the application can display 3D animated in dim light with the intensity of 30 lux light and the distance to display an object was at least 5 cm to 90 cm with an angle of 10-90 degrees. Based on user validation, 90% of respondents strongly agree that Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup folklore is made in the form of an Augmented Reality application.",
      "pages": "60-64",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Application of Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup Folklore In Riau Province With Augmented Reality",
      "booktitle": "2019 23rd International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC)",
      "author": "Yulianti, Ana and Andika, Brama Putra and Labellapansa, Ause",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICSEC47112.2019.8974761",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICEKIM55072.2022.00089": {
      "month": "Jan",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICEKIM55072.2022.00089",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In recent years, the social structure of our country has undergone tremendous changes, the moral value of people is gradually lost. As a group that has just become independent in society, the moral personality of college students is also facing severe challenges, so researchers need to re-study this issue. Research process: This paper takes the students of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as the research objects, and uses a self-designed questionnaire to investigate the moral personality of 117 college students, the subjects ranged from the first year of college to the third year of graduate school. This paper uses SPSS 26.0 statistical software to process and analyze data. The statistical analysis methods used included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. This paper firstly determines the current situation of moral personality of college students through descriptive statistical analysis method, and then discusses which factors are related to moral personality through the method of correlation analysis, and finally puts the factors determined in the previous step into the regression equation to determine this factor The degree of influence on the moral personality of college students. The significance of this research is to explore the current situation of college students’ moral personality, predict the degree of influence of ideological and political education courses and other factors on college students’ moral personality, and conduct practical research on the ways and methods of college students’ moral personality training.",
      "pages": "367-370",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Research on the influencing factors and cultivation paths of Chinese college students’ moral personality based on SPSS 26.0 statistical software",
      "booktitle": "2022 3rd International Conference on Education, Knowledge and Information Management (ICEKIM)",
      "author": "Li, Fei and Zheng, Jiaqi and Zheng, Jiaqi and Ze Wu, Chang",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICEKIM55072.2022.00089",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591687": {
      "month": "Aug",
      "issn": "1558-4615",
      "doi": "10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591687",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In bioengineering training for new researchers and engineers, a great deal of time is spent discussing what constitutes “good” design. Conceptualization of good design, however, varies widely across interdisciplinary team members, with potential to both foster innovation or lead to unproductive conflict. To explore how groups central to bioengineering teams (physicians/clinicians and engineers/physicists) conceptualize good design, we asked 176 professionals in bioengineering to complete a comprehensive online survey including items designed to assess cognitive and moral foundations (validated MFQ30 tool) and custom items assessing perceptions on good design in three areas (good design characteristics, reputation of design approvers, and perceived design patient/consumer suitability). Of those that responded, 82 completed all quantitative survey sections and were included in this preliminary analysis. Correlations between response areas were examined to explore the possible links between cognitive and moral biases and perspectives on good design. The survey results indicated that both groups were more conservative than average Americans based on previous reports, and clinicians scored higher on average for all MFQ30 domains. Numerous significant correlations with good design were observed among clinicians, while engineers/physicists most closely correlated good design with prescriber approval and scientific/technical literature. The exploratory analysis demonstrated the potential utility of sociological frameworks to explore relationships in design thinking with potential utility to stimulate thriving conversation on team-based design thinking in bioengineering education and practice.",
      "pages": "4337-4340",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "Social norms of “good” design: Interdisciplinary perspectives from a survey of engineers and clinicians in bioengineering",
      "booktitle": "2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)",
      "author": "Johnson, Angela N.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591687",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/DIGITEL.2008.41": {
      "series": "DIGITEL '08",
      "keywords": "Behavioural Psychology, Virtual Pets, teaching",
      "numpages": "3",
      "pages": "15–17",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2008 Second IEEE International Conference on Digital Game and Intelligent Toy Enhanced Learning",
      "abstract": "The paper presents a Tamagotchi-like mobile phone game that uses an artificial neural network driven character model and is designed to teach positive moral values to children. The behavioral model is explained and the approach is supported by a proof of concept implementation. Our results suggest the feasibility of the approach.",
      "doi": "10.1109/DIGITEL.2008.41",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/DIGITEL.2008.41",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IEEE Computer Society",
      "isbn": "9780769534091",
      "year": "2008",
      "title": "A Mobile Phone Based Virtual Pet to Teach Social Norms and Behaviour to Children",
      "author": "Hildmann, Hanno and Uhlemann, Anika and Livingstone, Daniel",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/DIGITEL.2008.41",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893461": {
      "month": "May",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893461",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "At first glance ethics and technology seem to have no interaction. However, we see the influence of ethics on technology both from the profession and the public. For example the “code of professional ethics” has changed the procedures in different parts of science, engineering and technology, and has given a particular direction to the types of projects done, their scope, and implementations. The sensitivity of consumers to choose moral values has also resulted in the change of direction for many technologies. Public participation in science and technology and the legal channels are the other factors that shape the influence of ethics on technology. More controversially on the other side we see the impact of technology on ethics. One can argue how and why some of the most abstract ideas like normative ethical theories or Kantian ethics have been reactions to the advancements in science and technology. Additionally, the effects of technological change have greatly influenced modern relativistic ethics. Technology has provided new possibilities for human life and created new ethical questions too. In a sense, \"applied ethics\" is the product of technological development. A different view of the ethics of science and technology is discussed and analyzed in this paper.",
      "pages": "1-5",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "Interaction between ethics and technology",
      "booktitle": "2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering",
      "author": "Shakib, Javad and Layton, David",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893461",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/SmartCity.2015.122": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/SmartCity.2015.122",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The study compares the dynamics of a number of important socio-demographic parameters with the frequency of the use of keywords for Russian society. We have shown that the frequency of words typical for the patriarchal way of life of Russian society in the 19th century decreases with the reduction of rural population. The paper discusses the interaction of moral values of society, its state ideology and environmental changes. Similar studies were carried out earlier for the English and Chinese languages. Our results confirm the findings of these studies partially. We also have considered the connection of these processes with the frequency of the use of emotive language. Google Books Ngram was used as a source of lexical data.",
      "pages": "519-523",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "Variations of Social Psychology of Russian Society in Last 100 Years",
      "booktitle": "2015 IEEE International Conference on Smart City/SocialCom/SustainCom (SmartCity)",
      "author": "Solovyev, V.D. and Bochkarev, V.V. and Kaveeva, A.D.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/SmartCity.2015.122",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ic-ETITE47903.2020.350": {
      "month": "Feb",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ic-ETITE47903.2020.350",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The impacts of various information and communication technologies are leading to a cyber age. With thisadvancement people need to be aware of theseveral ethical, privacy and security issues associated with the new technology.Ethics in simple words means moral principles. Ethics in information technology means taking decisions about using these technologies based on moral values and knowledge of what is “right” or “wrong”.Information technology is the key technology used for development of smart driverless cars. These cars aim to reduce human errors and prevent road accidents from taking place. Every year 1.25 million people die in road accidents, of these 94 percent of accidents are caused by human errors which can be prevented using the driverless cars.However, these cars need to be programmed and there are cases where the program will have to make moral decisions on the road. These decisions can vary from causing a minor accident to prevent a major one to deciding whose safety is more important pedestrians or passengers. In this paper we will discuss about some experiments being done on driverless cars, the benefits and the challenges in the development of this new IT technology-driverless cars.",
      "pages": "1-4",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "An Evaluation of IT Next Gen–Unmanned Vehicle",
      "booktitle": "2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE)",
      "author": "Dang, Aradhana and Gupta, Megha",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ic-ETITE47903.2020.350",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICOSEC51865.2021.9591935": {
      "month": "Oct",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICOSEC51865.2021.9591935",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Artificial intelligence has evolved into a virtual human. Similar to the standards and ethics of humans, Artificial intelligence also has standards and ethics. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence [AI] technologies should also incorporate moral values. Today, the amount of work done at the university has increased. The amount of time spent for the recruitment of the required faculty has become important for the lifetime of universities. Artificial Intelligence [AI] can be used for the process of recruitment; it will save a lot of time for recruitment board. The primary motivation of this research work is to explore all the AI tools used for recruiting and the challenges of incorporating AI tools in the process of recruitment.",
      "pages": "733-738",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Analysis and Issues of Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Process of Recruitment",
      "booktitle": "2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC)",
      "author": "Kumar, V. Uday and Mohan, A. and Kumar, B. Srinivasa S P and Ponnala, Ramesh and Sateesh, B and Sai Maruthi, P. Dundy",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICOSEC51865.2021.9591935",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICEEI.2011.6021656": {
      "month": "July",
      "issn": "2155-6830",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICEEI.2011.6021656",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Story telling is a process of conveying events by words, images and sounds. It has been used in every culture as a means of entertainment, education or for instilling moral values. The power of story telling has now been realized by computer science and software engineering community. It has been argued that story telling will enable the actual requirement to be identified earlier in the software development process. This approach has also been identified as one of the most suitable approach for end-user software development. A number of software development environment based on story telling approach have been developed, such as Storytelling Alice and JPie. Storytelling Alice is a programming environment that enables end-users (in this case students) to create computer applications by creating short 3D animated movies. JPie is a programming environment that was designed to enable end-users to develop programs by using Java programming language. In this paper, we describe the design of a story telling approach for blocks integration in Block-Based Software Development Environment. A block is basically a single-layer software component that can perform a specific function. It is assumed that in this environment, there will be a large number of blocks to be used by the end-users through story telling approach. End-users can develop applications by writing instructions for selecting, customizing and combining software blocks to form a learning application as target application.",
      "pages": "1-5",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "Story telling approach for Integrating Software Blocks",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics",
      "author": "Hamizah Mohamad Hariri and Marini, Abu Bakar and Zin, Abdullah Mohd",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICEEI.2011.6021656",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/TENCON.2004.1414577": {
      "month": "Nov",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/TENCON.2004.1414577",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "This paper arose from a research project conducted to develop an interactive multimedia package for fostering the cultivation of moral sentiments using traditional Malay oral narratives called CITRA, which is presented and described herein. This project was carried out taking advantage of new and emerging information technologies. CITRA, which uses the CD-ROM and computer as the means of dissemination, is a didactic tool that comprises of four strictly interrelated learning modules: (i) storytelling world module, (ii) enjoyable reading world module, (iii) word enrichment corner, and (iv) mind test land module that consists of moral values appreciation test and application test, which focus on the presentation and evaluation of moral knowledge. The design and development of CITRA was made using the experience from other interactive multimedia applications, as well as referred to education and Malay literature specialists. The principle objective of this project is to create a didactic tool that uses different communications mediums within a single computer program, which allows the positive images of stories to be projected and can foster good moral sense in children. The paper also discusses the findings of the research, which indicates that the use of CITRA is significantly more effective as compared to the use of conventional instruction method in projecting positive values and images of narratives for assisting in moral education teaching learning.",
      "pages": "247-250 Vol. 2",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "B",
      "year": "2004",
      "title": "CITRA: interactive multimedia package in moral education for primary school children",
      "booktitle": "2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004.",
      "author": "Hwa, S.P. and Mukti, N.A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/TENCON.2004.1414577",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.23919/INDIACom54597.2022.9763289": {
      "month": "March",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.23919/INDIACom54597.2022.9763289",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Many philosophical thinkers, research scholars and poets have expatiate their knowledge and experiences in the form of a proverb since ancient days. A proverb is short and known sentence that expresses the perceived truth based on the experience, moral values, wisdom and traditional aspects, symbolic and noteworthy form in different languages as they inherit from their culture and languages. The research paper focuses on developing a digital archive for Indian proverbs in twenty two official languages. The online Cross Lingual Proverb Retrieval and Expansion (CLPRE) digital archive is built by using Machine Learning Algorithm, currently digital archive focuses on four Indian languages such as English, Hindi, Kannada and Marathi. The supervised digital archive has currently corpus size of 250 proverbs for each language. The online digital proverb can be mainly used for education.",
      "pages": "244-248",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Using Machine Learning Algorithm for Proverb Retrieval and Expansion for Indian Languages",
      "booktitle": "2022 9th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)",
      "author": "Reddy, Mallamma V. and Savant, Manali H. and Reddy, Vijayalakshmi N. and Savant, Mithali H. and Kulkarni, Srinidhi and Rudrappa, Naveenkumar T.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.23919/INDIACom54597.2022.9763289",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ECAI.2018.8679018": {
      "month": "June",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ECAI.2018.8679018",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Through the use and adequate interdisciplinary integration in school activities of the most effective methods of moral education, one can reach the formation of moral values corroborated with the capitalization of the literary texts in the lessons of Romanian language and literature. By addressing the literary text from the axiological point of view in the Romanian language and the civic education in the primary cycle, in accordance with the objectives and content of the training and with the psychological profile of the children's age, the roles within the group can be influenced, and through them moral and aesthetic formation of children also. The study of the Romanian language has a special significance in the formation of the students, ensuring their intellectual evolution, the appropriate training in the other disciplines and their integration into the social life.",
      "pages": "1-4",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Methods of Interdisciplinarity Approach to Literary Content to Achieve Moral-Civic Education in Primary School",
      "booktitle": "2018 10th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)",
      "author": "Pescaru, Maria and Pescaru, Cristina-Maria",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ECAI.2018.8679018",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/3ICT.2018.8855777": {
      "month": "Nov",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/3ICT.2018.8855777",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "It is vital for e-Learning stakeholders to overcome the factors which affect the students to deviate from educational objective. A Delphi study with the help of e-Learning experts was conducted to investigate and control this issue. Lack of face to face traditional interaction among students and teachers in e-Learning was observed the root cause of ethical dilemma. Moreover, deficiency of counseling and traditional policies in independent e-learning environment also become the cause of this ethical dilemma. Different approaches to control this issue were also discussed and investigated to propose a model. It is recommended to involve members of the society as virtual academic counsellor in e-Learning to develop ethical and moral values of students. The study fulfils an identified need that how ethics can be integrated in e-Learning management system of academic institution to produce ethically competent graduates. It is expected that by following provided guidelines, the passing graduates will have field specific knowledge along with good ethical building to serve not just their families and societies but the entire nation.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Integration of ethics in e-Learning through Virtual Academic Counsellor",
      "booktitle": "2018 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies (3ICT)",
      "author": "Muhammad, AbdulHafeez",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/3ICT.2018.8855777",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/IEEM.2018.8607279": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "2157-362X",
      "doi": "10.1109/IEEM.2018.8607279",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The main objective of the study was to assess the competency, skills, and values of Industrial Engineering graduates as well as courses relevant to the industry need. The researchers used purposive sampling as research design of the study. Due to limited time of the study a total of 142 respondents answered the survey questionnaire through online. The statistical treatment used in the study were frequency percentage, weighted mean and chi-square. Results showed that majority of the respondents working at Electronics industry, college degree holder, 1-3 years of service, quality assurance engineer and working as technical. The assessment in terms of competency production planning and control function was highly important. In terms of skills having strategic and critical thinking was considered highly important. In terms of values industry considered highly important having moral values in the workplace. The courses identified as highly important are the strategic planning and control, engineering ethics and values, safety management, and probability and statistics. It was found out that in terms of relationship skills and values were significant while competencies was not significant to job classification.",
      "pages": "326-330",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Competency-based Assessment of Industrial Engineering Graduates: Basis for Enhancing Industry Driven Curriculum",
      "booktitle": "2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)",
      "author": "Curbano, R. J. P. and Madrid, S. G. Y. and Narvacan, C. T. and Puentenegra, J. R.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/IEEM.2018.8607279",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/KORUS.2005.1507966": {
      "month": "June",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/KORUS.2005.1507966",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Social control theory argues that religious people would stick to the ethical codes of religion. The theory further asserts that religion would have tremendous effects on individuals' moral attitudes and behavior. This study tests social control theory. Data were collected from a sample of 911 people who were 18 or older at the time of study. The analysis reveals that Protestants have stronger moral values, are less corrupted, volunteer more for community service, and have better concerns for others than atheists. These differences, although significant statistically, are not so great. Religious activities such as church attendance, family worship, and participation in church activities have small effects on the Protestants' attitudes toward violence, and reasonable effects on voluntary service. Various religiosity indices have reasonable and consistent effects on the Protestants' attitudes toward marital fidelity and violence and on some of the moral behaviors in a positive way. The effects of religion on the Protestants' morality are, however, not as great as social control theory predicts.",
      "pages": "1044-1047",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2005",
      "title": "Moral differences between Protestants and atheists, and the effects of religion on the morality of Protestants",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings. The 9th Russian-Korean International Symposium on Science and Technology, 2005. KORUS 2005.",
      "author": "Sung Pyo Jun",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/KORUS.2005.1507966",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ISAMSR.2015.7379126": {
      "month": "Aug",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ISAMSR.2015.7379126",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The development in education in the 21st century has demanded Malaysian students to be on par or better with other students in advanced countries. Various pedagogics of teaching and learning are introduced in the class in order to produce good students in thinking, technical and moral values skills. One of the pedagogics introduced is using robotic education in the Malaysian education system. Among the advantages of robotic education are students can play in the learning process, can use ICT, problem solving, reasoning and working in teams. It was introduced in the education system particularly in the primary and secondary school education in 2005 by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia as a co-curricular activity which later is expanded as a competition from schools, districts, and states, national to international levels. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of robotic education in enhancing learning process among students. Quantitative approach by using questionnaires method to thirty selected students is employed. The result indicated that many students agreed that robotic education is required and relevant in enhancing learning process among students. It provides an interesting and positive learning environment where students are exposed various teaching and learning activities in the classroom where the students have to conduct experiments to get answers for each question which different from conventional learning activity of memorization and writing. As a conclusion, robotic education would entice students' to learn by themself besides that can help to improve students thinking skills.",
      "pages": "30-34",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "An evaluation of robotic education scale in enhancing science achievement",
      "booktitle": "2015 International Symposium on Agents, Multi-Agent Systems and Robotics (ISAMSR)",
      "author": "Wahab, Ahmad Faizal Abdul and Azahari, Mustaffa Halabi and Tajuddin, Rosita Mohd",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ISAMSR.2015.7379126",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICISE.2010.5692001": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "2160-1291",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICISE.2010.5692001",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "People-oriented modern moral values and ideals and the origin of thinking. In this paper, on ideological and political education of existing problems, ideological and political education that college students should be people-oriented, continuous improvement and innovation ideological and educational work, and actively improve the ideological and political education, effective, attractive, appealing.",
      "pages": "291-293",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2010",
      "title": "Insist on educating people to be people-oriented, push forward the ideological and political education of college students",
      "booktitle": "The 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering",
      "author": "Du, Xiao-Li",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICISE.2010.5692001",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/TIC-STH.2009.5444440": {
      "month": "Sep.",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/TIC-STH.2009.5444440",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Researchers are always finding out new and innovative ways to impart education. Recently, games on computers and other digital media are being explored as a possible medium of imparting education. The existing games however focus only on sharpening mental abilities of participants. The authors however believe that by harnessing the power of computers combined with the effectiveness of compelling stories and collaborative game-play, better learning can be achieved. This paper looks at a novel educational platform namely FoodForce2 which aims at providing a holistic view towards learning. It aims at inculcating moral values and other cognitive skills through an interesting game-play and customized stories. The paper describes the educational platform and also the effect of imparting education through this interactive platform in comparison to the conventional methods of teaching. The results obtained from various school visits have been documented in the form of graphs.",
      "pages": "54-59",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2009",
      "title": "FoodForce2 - An interactive and collaborative educational learning platform",
      "booktitle": "2009 IEEE Toronto International Conference Science and Technology for Humanity (TIC-STH)",
      "author": "Gupta, Deepank and Taneja, Mohit and Kumar, Peeyush and Singh, Vijit",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/TIC-STH.2009.5444440",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/NOORIC.2013.29": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/NOORIC.2013.29",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "There are several types of institutions which provide private Quran instruction in Turkey. The most prevail of institutions are Imam-Hatip High Schools and private Quran courses. Also, after the changes in educational system in 2012, optional Quran courses have been made available to all students in elementary schools. In addition, there is a mandatory course entitled Religious Culture and Moral Education in schools. However, teaching Quran is not a part of course content. Rather, it aims to teach individuals cultural, religious, and moral values. Also, within this course, students are required to learn short surahs and duas for prayer and their Turkish meanings. However, while teaching/learning these surahs and duas, teachers and students face many difficulties. Specifically, students who do not know Arabic have to memorize those surahs and duas that are written by using letters from Latin Alphabet, which causes incorrect readings phonetically. Also, this course is given two hours per week, thus, it is difficult for teachers to focus on each student and correct mis-readings. In this study, based on the problems mentioned above, an instructional material was designed to help students learn short surahs and duas for prayer. Elementary school students' development level and features of interactive whiteboards were considered while designing the software. The software consists of three levels. The first level aims to teach students surahs and duas in Arabic by listening and watching. The second level focuses on their meanings. The third level is devoted for sustainability through practices. Students who get to the third level have to answer some filling-the-gap and drag & drop questions, matching the meanings with surahs/duas, and similar activities.",
      "pages": "89-94",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2013",
      "title": "Designing Instructional Materials for Teaching Surahs and Duas for Elementary School Students in Turkey",
      "booktitle": "2013 Taibah University International Conference on Advances in Information Technology for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences",
      "author": "Turel, Yalin Kilic and Gulmez, Cigdem and Kavak, Rahime",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/NOORIC.2013.29",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314461": {
      "month": "Sep.",
      "issn": "1944-9437",
      "doi": "10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314461",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In this paper, we move toward offering psychological benchmarks by which to measure success in building increasingly human-like robots. By psychological benchmarks we mean categories of interaction that capture conceptually fundamental aspects of human life, specified abstractly enough so as to resist their identity as a mere psychological instrument, but capable of being translated into testable empirical propositions. Six possible benchmarks are considered: autonomy, imitation, intrinsic moral value, moral accountability, privacy, and reciprocity. Finally, we discuss how getting the right group of benchmarks in human-robot interaction will, in future years, help inform on the foundational question of what constitutes essential features of being human",
      "pages": "364-371",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2006",
      "title": "What is a Human? - Toward Psychological Benchmarks in the Field of Human-Robot Interaction",
      "booktitle": "ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication",
      "author": "Kahn, Peter H. and Ishiguro, Hiroshi and Friedman, Batya and Kanda, Takayuki",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314461",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICETA48886.2019.9040060": {
      "month": "Nov",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICETA48886.2019.9040060",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The performance of everyone is influenced by several factors, including value orientations. Performance in the learning process is quantified by classification degrees or by the weighted study average. The main aim of the paper is to specify the impact of value orientation on Generation Z performance in education process. The survey sample was made up of respondents belonging to the Generation Z and the size of the research sample was n = 140 respondents. The authors of the paper used the standardised collection tool, the HO-PO-MO questionnaire, specifically the HO questionnaire. The collected data were evaluated by Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics. The main results of the research imply the existence of significant differences between the level of value orientations measured between men and women. The existence of significant dependence (rs = 0.316) between previous education and moral value orientation of students there was also proved.",
      "pages": "739-744",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Value Orientations of Generation Z and Their Performance in Education Process",
      "booktitle": "2019 17th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA)",
      "author": "Starecek, A. and Koltnerova, K. and Babelova, Z. Gyurak and Caganova, D. and Lovasikova, S. and Ivic, M.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICETA48886.2019.9040060",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/BigData55660.2022.10021123": {
      "month": "Dec",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/BigData55660.2022.10021123",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In the age of social media, where billions of internet users share information and opinions, the negative impact of pandemics is not limited to the physical world. It provokes a surge of incomplete, biased, and incorrect information, also known as an infodemic. This global infodemic jeopardizes measures to control the pandemic by creating panic, vaccine hesitancy, and fragmented social response. Platforms like Facebook allow advertisers to adapt their messaging to target different demographics and help alleviate or exacerbate the infodemic problem depending on their content. In this paper, we propose a minimally supervised multi-task learning framework for understanding messaging on Facebook related to the COVID vaccine by identifying ad themes and moral foundations. Furthermore, we perform a more nuanced thematic analysis of messaging tactics of vaccine campaigns on social media so that policymakers can make better decisions on pandemic control.",
      "pages": "585-595",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign on Facebook using Minimal Supervision",
      "booktitle": "2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)",
      "author": "Islam, Tunazzina and Goldwasser, Dan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/BigData55660.2022.10021123",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/FIE.2015.7344215": {
      "month": "Oct",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/FIE.2015.7344215",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "This paper presents results from engineering student responses to the open ended question “Write a few sentences explaining how you define `Social Responsibility'.” Through emergent coding methods it was found that students were most likely to use a disassociated, third person voice in their definitions, as opposed to a first person voice where they included themselves in the group that help the responsibility. The responsibility that students talked about was most commonly held toward a general community or society, and occasionally toward the environment or the world as a whole. In describing how the responsibility manifested itself, students talked most often about giving back or helping others, but also about a responsibility to conduct acts of service or charity. Finally, students infrequently directly cited a source of the responsibility, though some described ethical or moral foundations while others talked about an obligation due to possessing certain skills or privileges. Few differences were found in these definitions based on gender, academic rank, or major. Understanding how engineering student's view their social responsibility as both citizen and engineer is crucial towards shaping educational approaches to develop holistic engineers, able to work across disciplinary and cultural divides toward solutions of complex social issues.",
      "pages": "1-7",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "How engineering students define ‘Social Responsibility’",
      "booktitle": "2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)",
      "author": "Canney, Nathan and Russu, Mikhail and Bielefeldt, Angela",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/FIE.2015.7344215",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/FIE56618.2022.9962559": {
      "month": "Oct",
      "issn": "2377-634X",
      "doi": "10.1109/FIE56618.2022.9962559",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "This full research paper develops a framework for using comparative case studies to triangulate with quantitative survey data in engineering ethics education research.Ethics has long been recognized as crucial to responsible engineering, but the increasingly globalized environments of contemporary engineering present challenges to effective engineering ethics training. An overarching goal of our team’s larger project is to examine the effects of culture and education on ethics training in undergraduate engineering students at universities in the United States, China, and the Netherlands to assess how this training impacts students’ ethical reasoning and moral dispositions, and how this differs cross-culturally. To gauge students’ moral dispositions and ethical reasoning skills and to measure any change in these, we administer the Moral Foundations Questionnaire and the Engineering & Science Issues Test to engineering students longitudinally over four years. Because the conditions related to engineering ethics education differ widely per participating institution, interpreting and analyzing survey quantitative data will require understanding the contextual conditions of education at each institution. In this paper we ask the question what and how can case study methods contribute to longitudinal and cross-cultural ethics educational research with large data sets? To answer it, we develop conceptual and methodological foundations for the design of comparative, multi-institutional case studies to contextualize, complement, and interpret quantitative and qualitative data on ethical reasoning and moral dispositions. We develop comparative case studies to supply missing contextual information for triangulation with quantitative and qualitative data and to provide a more complete picture of the engineering ethics educational contexts, strategies, and practices at each of the participating universities. In this project, case studies provide informational and contextual significance to the other sources of data our research produces, elucidating conditions required to understand and make sense of the results of the research. In the paper we introduce our research project, motivate the use of case studies in our research by reviewing literature on case studies and multi-method triangulation in educational research. We explain how specific cases will be designed, and by providing the first step of two cases, timelines of ethics interventions for two degree programs, demonstrate the informational and interpretive need for comparative case studies in triangulating with other data sources. By using multiple case design to compare universities’ approaches in this frame, our analysis can respond to particular institutional educational contexts and cultural and language factors, make cross-cultural comparisons, and offer recommendations about responsible and culturally responsive engineering ethics education.",
      "pages": "1-7",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Developing conceptual and methodological foundations for a cross-cultural, multi-institutional study of ethical reasoning and moral dispositions of engineering students",
      "booktitle": "2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)",
      "author": "Gammon, Andrea R. and Zhu, Qin and Streiner, Scott and Clancy, Rockwell and Thorpe, Ryan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/FIE56618.2022.9962559",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/IROS.2017.8206625": {
      "location": "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "6991–6997",
      "booktitle": "2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)",
      "abstract": "To address the requirement for autonomous moral decision making, we introduce a software library for modeling hybrid ethical reasoning agents (short: HERA). The goal of the HERA project is to provide theoretically well-founded and practically usable logic-based machine ethics tools for implementation in robots. The novelty is that HERA implements multiple ethical principles like utilitarianism, the principle of double effect, and a Pareto-inspired principle. These principles can be used to automatically assess moral situations represented in a format we call causal agency models. We discuss how to model moral situations using our approach, and how it can cope with uncertainty about moral values. Finally, we briefly outline the architecture of our robot IMMANUEL, which implements HERA and is able to explain ethical decisions to humans.",
      "doi": "10.1109/IROS.2017.8206625",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2017.8206625",
      "publisher": "IEEE Press",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "The HERA Approach to Morally Competent Robots",
      "author": "Lindner, Felix and Bentzen, Martin Mose and Nebel, Bernhard",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/IROS.2017.8206625",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/FIE43999.2019.9028690": {
      "location": "Covington, KY, USA",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "1–9",
      "booktitle": "2019 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)",
      "abstract": "Ethics education is a requirement in undergraduate engineering education, but evidence suggests that there is a limited improvement, and perhaps even diminishment, in moral commitments and capacities in engineering students during college. In the present paper, we gauge the current state of ethics education and identify opportunities for improvement given current trends in teaching ethics in engineering. We find that engineering ethics education has a number of suboptimal characteristics. First, engineering ethics does not show clear links to varying ethical theories that might inform ethical reasoning and decision making. Second, engineering ethics education places a heavy emphasis on compliance or rule-following, which provides fewer opportunities for internalizing moral values and virtues. Third, ethics lessons often emphasize case studies of rare or extreme circumstances, like the NASA space shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986, reinforcing the perception that morality is an infrequent professional concern. In the interest of improving ethics education, we introduce character education as a valuable approach to undergraduate engineering ethics education, one grounded in philosophical and psychological work on developing virtuous dispositions as well as personal, professional, and societal flourishing. We describe what character education in engineering might look like and sketch how it could help the profession and its stakeholders achieve both personal and professional outcomes.",
      "doi": "10.1109/FIE43999.2019.9028690",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE43999.2019.9028690",
      "publisher": "IEEE Press",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Reimagining Engineering Ethics: From Ethics Education to Character Education",
      "author": "Pierrakos, Olga and Prentice, Mike and Silverglate, Cameron and Lamb, Michael and Demaske, Alana and Smout, Ryan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/FIE43999.2019.9028690",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/IRET-EM.1960.5007537": {
      "month": "June",
      "issn": "2331-0820",
      "doi": "10.1109/IRET-EM.1960.5007537",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The moral values associated with scientific research were studied by means of interviews with 57 academic researchers of faculty status. The areas examined were freedom in research, impartiality, suspension of judgment until sufficient evidence is at hand, absence of bias, diffusion of information, and group loyalty. Two dimensions of creativity were measured in the respondents: rate of publication and strength of motivation toward research as judged by peers. Neither of these measures was significantly related to acceptance of the classical position in any of the six areas of value. It is concluded that the classical morality of science is not associated to any important degree with productive research.",
      "pages": "54-62",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "EM-7",
      "year": "1960",
      "title": "The Ideology of Academic Scientists",
      "journal": "IRE Transactions on Engineering Management",
      "author": "West, S. S.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/IRET-EM.1960.5007537",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223582": {
      "month": "Aug",
      "issn": "1944-9437",
      "doi": "10.1109/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223582",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Social robots are increasingly studied and applied in the educational domain. Although they hold great potential for education, they also bring new moral challenges. In this study, we explored the moral considerations related to social robots from the perspective of Dutch educational policymakers by first identifying opportunities and concerns and then mapping them onto (moral) values from the literature. To explore their moral considerations, we conducted focus group sessions with Dutch Educational Policymakers (N = 20). Considerations varied from the potential to lower the workload of teachers, to concerns related to the increased influence of commercial enterprises on the educational system. In total, the considerations of the policymakers related to 15 theoretical values. We identified the moral considerations of educational policymakers to gain a better understanding of a governmental attitude towards the use of social robots. This helps to create the necessary moral guidelines towards a responsible implementation of social robots in education.",
      "pages": "647-652",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "The Impact of Social Robots in Education: Moral Considerations of Dutch Educational Policymakers",
      "booktitle": "2020 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)",
      "author": "Smakman, M. and Berket, J. and Konijn, E.A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223582",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ISTAS48451.2019.8938015": {
      "month": "Nov",
      "issn": "2158-3412",
      "doi": "10.1109/ISTAS48451.2019.8938015",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Increasingly, humanitarian organizations across the globe have been implementing innovative technologies in their practice as they respond to the needs of communities affected by conflicts, disasters, and public health emergencies. However, technological innovation may intersect with moral values, norms, and commitments, and may challenge humanitarian imperatives. Through the examination of an empirical case study on drone mapping, this paper aims to explore three questions: (1) What are the dynamics between aid delivery and technological innovation in the humanitarian enterprise? (2) How are structural problems addressed in an environment in which technology is being portrayed as a force for change? (3) What moral responsibilities towards vulnerable populations should humanitarian stakeholders bear when introducing innovative technologies in humanitarian action. Discussion revolves around the ideology of “technological utopia”, and the normative role of technology in the aid sector - to make substantive impacts, or to produce “success stories”. In conclusion, a call for rigorous ethical analysis to help foster value sensitive humanitarian innovation (VSHI) is made.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "“A Success Story that Can Be Sold”?: A Case Study of Humanitarian Use of Drones",
      "booktitle": "2019 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)",
      "author": "Wang, Ning",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ISTAS48451.2019.8938015",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICT4M.2013.6518891": {
      "month": "March",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICT4M.2013.6518891",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "With the encompassing speed of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the world is developing with time; the gap between the have and have not is widening. The greed for materialistic and worldly things is increasing. The trend can be partially contributed to the modern education system, where total emphasis is on domain and technical knowledge. Teaching of moral values is considered as an integral part of the education in Islam. The contents of our formal education syllabi are gradually throwing out material on character development. With the busy schedule of individuals, the role of character development by the family and society is diminishing. The only hope is left with the teacher. In the e-Learning platform that hope is also disappearing because of physical absence of teacher. The work will analyze the learning models and role of ethical development. It is also proposing a model using ICTs which can help in the character development of the students in the e-Learning environments.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2013",
      "title": "Inculcating ethical values in the students through e-Learning platform",
      "booktitle": "2013 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World (ICT4M)",
      "author": "AbdulHafeez, M. and Asadullah, S. and Rosydi, M. and Farooq, A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICT4M.2013.6518891",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893380": {
      "month": "May",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893380",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "An ethical leader is one whose actions and influence processes are consistent with ethical and moral values. Research indicates the effect of the leaders' values on the ethical choices they make. Ethical leadership percolates down to shape the ethical attitudes of people at lower levels, thereby setting the ethical climate of the organization. This paper identifies the imperative for ethical leadership and the manner in which it is manifested in universities and research organizations in India, and suggests an ethical leadership framework for academic and research administrators. The central argument of this paper is that the leader's own value system, attitudes and influence strategies shape employee behavior and set the ethical tone of the organization. This paper is based on literature review and in-depth exploratory interviews with 26 key informants including institutional leaders and members of the top management and middle-level management in four universities and two research organizations in north India. The first part of our ethical leadership framework includes the dimensions of ethical leadership, while the latter part incorporates the outcomes of ethical leadership. The dimensions of ethical leadership include value orientation, attitudes and influence strategies of the leader. The outcomes of ethical leadership are discussed at three levels of organizational behavior, namely, the individual (micro), the work group (meso) and the organization (macro). This paper recommends strategies for research and education planners, policy makers and administrators to build ethical leadership amongst researchers and academics.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "‘The organization is what the leader is’: An ethical leadership framework for universities and research organizations",
      "booktitle": "2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering",
      "author": "Singh, Avantika and Rathore, Nisha",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893380",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/WEEF-GEDC.2018.8629678": {
      "month": "Nov",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/WEEF-GEDC.2018.8629678",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The objective of this work is to develop an ontology-framework that will support intelligent systems in decision-making in small and large-scale projects with the application of Peace Engineering. For this, it is necessary to define and delineate moral values, so they can be interpreted by A.I. However, that is not an easy task, and turning them into machine-readable rules is even more challenging. For this reason, we have organized an ontology structure based on the underlying principles of Fairplay algorithms to offer a plausible output for engineering areas. Four main domains are designed to represent the context of Peace Engineering: Artificial Intelligence Safety research, Ethical Engineering, Diversity and Sustainability.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Developing an Ontology-oriented Framework to Enable Peace-building Solutions Based on Fairplay Algorithms",
      "booktitle": "2018 World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF-GEDC)",
      "author": "Bueno, Tania C. D. and Hoeschl, Hugo C. and Hoeschl, Milena B.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/WEEF-GEDC.2018.8629678",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/SVR.2014.21": {
      "series": "ISDEA '14",
      "keywords": "OGREML, OGRE, MOGRE, MOGRE-ST, Authoring Tool, 3D, XML, StoryTelling, Virtual Reality",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "190–199",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2014 Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications",
      "abstract": "Storytelling is a way to represent events using words, images and sounds, often by improvisation. Stories or narratives have been shared in all cultures as a way to entertain, educate, for cultural preservation and as a way to transmit moral values. Crucial elements of stories and storytelling are the plot, the characters and the narrative point of view. Currently there are several languages and tools that allow the creation of virtual worlds, and however, few tools for creating 3D storytelling. Existing approaches are not intuitive and require a deeper knowledge of the user to enable the creation of virtual worlds with higher quality graphics, enabling the integration of customized multimedia presentations. This paper presents a solution for interactive storytelling, targeted to children and juvenile public, called Mogre-Storytelling. This tool claims to be intuitive, providing different functionalities for the creation and customization of scenarios in 3D, allowing the addition of 3D models from the Internet and even enabling the creation of virtual story using multimedia and storytelling elements such as speech bubbles, sounds and images. Mogre- Storytelling is a new option for users who want to create stories with scenarios in 3D and is an alternative to Ogre application developers, since this tool enables the rapid creation of customized scenarios with higher quality 3D graphics, while still allowing the integration of multimedia presentations using an XML file structure.",
      "doi": "10.1109/SVR.2014.21",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/SVR.2014.21",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IEEE Computer Society",
      "isbn": "9781479942619",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "MOGRE-Storytelling: Interactive Creation of 3D Stories",
      "author": "Santiago, Almir D. V. and Sampaio, Paulo N. M. and Fernandes, Luis R. S.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/SVR.2014.21",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ICDCECE57866.2023.10150539": {
      "month": "April",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ICDCECE57866.2023.10150539",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "During ancient Indian times, the Gurukul system of education was the style of learning in the country. In this system the students were learning with their mentors (Gurus) and receiving education, knowledge, moral values and life skills under the guidance of their gurus. This system of education was practiced in ancient times, where all students who resided at the place of the guru in the Gurukula were considered equal. As the days passed the things took a drastic change and government schools were introduced. A few decades ago, the number of students in government schools decreased due to the privatization of the education system. Later, more schools were introduced by corporations, which led to a significant increase in the number of schools. To perform the tasks like monitoring and taking the attendance of each class was tedious job at the same time it was time consuming, where the total number of students in each class has increased and number of subjects for each class also increased and every teacher has to document the number of students attending the classes for each subject and they need to submit it to the higher authorities. To overcome these difficulties, In this paper a novel approach is schemed to record attendance of all the students of a class. In the proposed system to take the attendance of the students all at once, a live video is processed for each frame and to recognize the faces of all the students it uses a deep convolutional neural network face recognition algorithm which extract 128-dimensional face encodings from images and then compares these encodings with the faces stored in the dataset to determine the best match and further the attendance of the students present in the class is recorded in the form of excel sheet so that the teacher can carry out the further analysis. The findings of the experiment overcomes the difficulties faced in the existing systems and eyewitnesses the furturistic transition in marking attendance.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Novel Approach to Record the Attendance of Students Using Facial Recognition",
      "booktitle": "2023 International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE)",
      "author": "Kulkarni, R N and T S S L, Anjali and B, Rohith and Nadagouda, Raghuveer and S, Veeresh",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ICDCECE57866.2023.10150539",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/T4E.2009.5314121": {
      "month": "Aug",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/T4E.2009.5314121",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "With the advent of new digital media and low cost computers which are connected to each other, the educational system needs better ways of teaching children. Recently, games on computers and other digital media are being explored as a possible medium of imparting education. The existing games however are either developed for entertainment purposes only or have a limited focus in aiding the children learn according to the existing curriculum. This paper describes our attempt at combining story-telling with collaborative game-play to achieve better learning with FoodForce2. FoodForce2 is an attempt which aims at providing a holistic view towards learning by inculcating moral values and other cognitive skills. The effect of imparting education through this interactive platform is compared with the conventional methods of teaching and the feedback and results obtained from various school visits have been documented in the form of graphs.",
      "pages": "99-104",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2009",
      "title": "FoodForce2: Revolutionizing education",
      "booktitle": "2009 International Workshop on Technology for Education",
      "author": "Gupta, Deepank and Taneja, Mohit and Singh, Vijit",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/T4E.2009.5314121",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "9169944": {
      "month": "Sep.",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In today’s digital age, technology has a firm grasp on practically every aspect of human life, consequently there is growing cross-sector demand to help individuals build digital competencies such as digital literacy, digital skills, and digital readiness. However, there is no universally accepted meaning of terms like “digital literacy,” “digital skills,” or “digital readiness,” which can lead to difficulty coordinating efforts to improve digital competencies worldwide. Digital Intelligence (DQ) was developed to encompass a comprehensive set of technical, cognitive, meta-cognitive, and socio-emotional competencies, which are grounded in universal moral values and enable individuals to face the challenges of digital life and adapt to its demands. The DQ Framework is comprised of 8 areas of digital life--identity, use, safety, security, emotional intelligence, literacy, communication, and rights--across 3 levels of experience--citizenship, creativity, and competitiveness. The objective of this standard is to establish a DQ global standard that encompasses a common framework to ensure that digital competency building efforts are coordinated globally. It includes a common set of definitions, language, and understanding of digital literacy, skills, and readiness that can be adopted by all stakeholders worldwide, including national governments, the educational industry, the technology industry, international agencies, private companies, and society as a whole.",
      "pages": "1-59",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "IEEE Approved Draft Standard for Digital Intelligence (DQ) -- Framework for Digital Literacy, Skills and Readiness",
      "journal": "IEEE P3527.1/D3, August 2020",
      "author": "",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "9169944",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.23919/ICACT56868.2023.10079282": {
      "month": "Feb",
      "issn": "1738-9445",
      "doi": "10.23919/ICACT56868.2023.10079282",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Artificial intelligence (AI) has the capability of making decisions in real-time using well-before techniques and computer technologies built through data analysis to instantly adapt and learn to provide more complex actions to circumstances. Human resource management (HRM), which incorporates both the human aspect and the use of AI tools, can provide employees with a better perception. The component of HRM decision-making by AI technologies has not been hindered by a restricted awareness of the theoretical underpinnings of AI integration; however, the enhanced usage of artificial intelligence and advancements in AI qualities have put a greater emphasis on the moral values and administrators influencing AI development for using Data-driven forecasting have been suggested for HRM to use to forecast employee desires and revenue growth. The emphasis on decision-making in AI technologies is abruptly shifting to strategies. Machine learning concentrates on enabling computers to make logical conclusions by educating them to adapt to shifts in innovation or to new knowledge. While ML is an enhanced form of AI that analyses data to find similarities and alters program action steps, AI simplifies and converts data into a format that is simple to grasp. It emphasizes the development of Algorithms that will enhance HR choices by utilizing machine learning to create precise forecasts.",
      "pages": "206-212",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "AI Model to Improve HR Decision-Making with Machine Learning Predictions Algorithm",
      "booktitle": "2023 25th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)",
      "author": "Fomude, Akwi Helene and Yang, Chaoyu and Agordzo, George K. and Serwah, Appiah Vincentia and Abangbila, Linda",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.23919/ICACT56868.2023.10079282",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/SocialInformatics.2012.63": {
      "series": "SOCIALINFORMATICS '12",
      "keywords": "social signals, nodding, game simulation, teacher-student scaffolding interactions, adolescents, listening behaviors, multimodal analysis",
      "numpages": "8",
      "pages": "137–144",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Social Informatics",
      "abstract": "The aim of this paper is to explore, using an original procedure, social signals of listening occurring during interactions involving adolescents and their teachers. This procedure is based on a game simulation played out by dyads composed either of one adult and one adolescent or of two adolescents. A pilot study using this procedure has been conducted in an educational setting, since listening detection may be seen as a basic competence for successful scaffolding interactions, by which adults not only enhance but also orient adolescents' development. Among the different data resulting from our pilot study, in this paper we focus our attention on multimodal annotation schemata relating to adolescents' nodding when listening to their teachers expressing their personal judgments on some moral dilemmas – assuming that the capacity to take a stance on moral values is one of the main developmental tasks adolescents have to cope with. Although widely recognized--starting from the classic work of Darwin on the expressions of emotions in man and animals--as a social signal of acceptance of the other's message, in our pilot study nodding proved at times to be a signal that the adolescents weren't comprehending the words of their teachers at all. Selected examples of multimodal observations are presented of features characterizing adult-adolescent interactions when this specific kind of nodding without understanding occurs. In the final part of the paper, limitations of this procedure are discussed. Finally, a perspective for future works is presented.",
      "doi": "10.1109/SocialInformatics.2012.63",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/SocialInformatics.2012.63",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IEEE Computer Society",
      "isbn": "9780769550152",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "Nodding without Understanding: An Explorative Study of How Adolescents Listen to Their Teachers",
      "author": "Leone, Giovanna",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/SocialInformatics.2012.63",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/ACIIS59385.2023.10367283": {
      "month": "Oct",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "10.1109/ACIIS59385.2023.10367283",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "The prevalence of adult content on social media has harmful effects on the moral values of young individuals. Therefore, effectively filtering inappropriate content on social media like Twitter is essential. Researchers have utilized machine learning and natural language processing techniques to develop automated systems that can identify adult content. However, using Transformer to detect adult content in the Indonesian language has yet to be thoroughly explored. Identifying adult content in a text is relatively challenging due to its subjective and context-dependent nature. The same words can be used in explicit or non-explicit contexts depending on the context or intended meaning of the surrounding text. This study aims to explore the implementation of fine-tuned Transformer-based models for identifying adult and sexually explicit content in Indonesian Twitter texts. We fine-tuned five pre-trained Transformer-based models: IndoBERT, IndoBERTweet, mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa, and DistilmBERT. Based on our experiments, we can see that all the models showed effectiveness in accurately classifying adult and non-adult content. Among the Transformer-based models, XLM-RoBERTa and IndoBERTweet demonstrated effective adult content identification in Indonesian tweets compared to other pre-trained models. XLM-RoBERTa showed a slightly better performance, which can be attributed to its larger size and advanced training techniques.",
      "pages": "1-6",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Adult Content Detection on Indonesian Tweets by Fine-tuning Transformer-based Models",
      "booktitle": "2023 6th International Conference on Applied Computational Intelligence in Information Systems (ACIIS)",
      "author": "Hidayatullah, Ahmad Fathan and Apong, Rosyzie Anna and Ching Lai, Daphne Teck and Qazi, Atika",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1109/ACIIS59385.2023.10367283",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "8564080": {
      "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8564080",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "MIT Press",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "To the City Beautiful movement, the commercialization of light expressed an individualistic social fragmentation that adherents worked to overcome by holding expositions, building public libraries, opening parks, establishing museums, and creating other uplifting institutions that would put all social classes on an equal footing. In such public spaces, lighting could make knowledge, culture, and entertainment accessible to all. City Beautiful proponents were disturbed by the commercialization of urban public space. As Peter Baldwin notes, the new white ways were “buzzing with energy and barely suppressed eroticism.” Reformers such as Jane Addams feared that such districts might overwhelm the still-undeveloped sensibilities of adolescents. The new “urban night was not an extension of day; it was a liminal new world in which conflicting moral values mingled uneasily [and] … heightened the excitement of the nighttime street.”1 Most people still did not have electricity at home, and the brilliant, pulsating lights of downtown were an alluring contrast to domestic space, even if reformers thought it garish. Houses and apartments began to seem dim, especially if invaded by light from the street. Reformers also objected to the skyscraper because it blocked sunlight, created powerful winds, and disrupted the human scale of the city. Such views prevailed in Boston, where few tall buildings were erected before 1920. Reformers disliked large (especially flashing) advertising signs. They believed that “the individual has no more right to offend the public's eye with flaunting self-assertiveness than to offend its ear with crashing sounds or the nostrils with unpleasant odors.”2 They were pleased that there existed a “British Society for Checking the Abuses of Public Advertising,” and that there were strict controls on posters in Paris and many other European cities.3 They applauded when Berlin issued “stringent regulations as to the number, size and height” of electric signs, and further restricted “flash signs” on the grounds that they were injurious to the eyes and a dangerous distraction to traffic.4 And they objected to the fragmentation and incoherence of US public space, and hoped through planning to recover a sense of cohesion, order, and civility.",
      "pages": "161-183",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "7 City Beautiful",
      "booktitle": "American Illuminations: Urban Lighting, 1800–1920",
      "author": "Nye, David E.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inbook",
      "ID": "8564080",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "9131051": {
      "month": "June",
      "issn": "",
      "doi": "",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "In today’s digital age, technology has a firm grasp on practically every aspect of human life, consequently there is growing cross-sector demand to help individuals build digital competencies such as digital literacy, digital skills, and digital readiness. However, there is no universally accepted meaning of terms like “digital literacy,” “digital skills,” or “digital readiness,” which can lead to difficulty coordinating efforts to improve digital competencies worldwide. Digital Intelligence (DQ) was developed to encompass a comprehensive set of technical, cognitive, meta-cognitive, and socio-emotional competencies, which are grounded in universal moral values and enable individuals to face the challenges of digital life and adapt to its demands. The DQ Framework is comprised of 8 areas of digital life--identity, use, safety, security, emotional intelligence, literacy, communication, and rights--across 3 levels of experience--citizenship, creativity, and competitiveness. The objective of this standard is to establish a DQ global standard that encompasses a common framework to ensure that digital competency building efforts are coordinated globally. It includes a common set of definitions, language, and understanding of digital literacy, skills, and readiness that can be adopted by all stakeholders worldwide, including national governments, the educational industry, the technology industry, international agencies, private companies, and society as a whole.",
      "pages": "1-50",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "IEEE Draft Standard for Digital Intelligence (DQ) -- Framework for Digital Literacy, Skills and Readiness",
      "journal": "IEEE P3527.1/D2, June 2020",
      "author": "",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "9131051",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1109/TTS.2023.3264807": {
      "month": "",
      "issn": "2637-6415",
      "doi": "10.1109/TTS.2023.3264807",
      "keywords": "",
      "abstract": "Research shows exoskeletons can reduce muscle activity and decrease the risk of injury for workers. Exoskeletons, therefore, are becoming more prevalent in industrial workplaces, and their use in some circumstances has already been mandated. It is probable that additional employers will mandate the use of exoskeletons as a means of mitigating injuries to their employees. This presents ethical concerns because employers hold power over the employees wages and employment. Some employees who are required to wear exoskeletons may not be able to, while others may not wish to. How should workers privacy and preferences be weighted? Should employees be prohibited from jobs that use exoskeletons if the exoskeletons do not fit them or if they do not wish to disclose their bodys measurements? Should companies using exoskeletons be permitted to require workers to perform additional work with an exoskeleton? In this paper, we examine these and other ethical considerations related to mandatory exoskeleton use through the Six Pillars of Character framework of the Josephson Institute of Ethics (2002) and the Universal Moral Values for Corporate Codes of Ethics framework by Schwartz (2005). We provide a discussion of possible solutions following ethical tenets, including executing pilot studies before mandatory use policies, offering several self-adjustable models of exoskeletons, and allowing existing workers to transfer jobs if they are ill at ease with new exoskeleton policies. The best course of action may depend on specific individual circumstances.",
      "pages": "1-1",
      "number": "",
      "volume": "",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "The Ethics of Mandatory Exoskeleton Use in Commercial and Industrial Settings",
      "journal": "IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society",
      "author": "Pote, Timothy R. and Asbeck, Nicole V. and Asbeck, Alan T.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1109/TTS.2023.3264807",
      "source": "ieee.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.knosys.2019.105184": {
      "keywords": "Moral foundations, Lexicon, Natural language processing, Moral values, Machine learning, Twitter data",
      "numpages": "11",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "Know.-Based Syst.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2019.105184",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2019.105184",
      "issn": "0950-7051",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "191",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Mar 2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "MoralStrength: Exploiting a Moral Lexicon and Embedding Similarity for Moral Foundations Prediction",
      "author": "Araque, Oscar and Gatti, Lorenzo and Kalimeri, Kyriaki",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.knosys.2019.105184",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110539": {
      "keywords": "Natural language processing, Moral foundations, Word embedding, Semantic similarity",
      "numpages": "9",
      "month": "jun",
      "journal": "Know.-Based Syst.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110539",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110539",
      "issn": "0950-7051",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "270",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Jun 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Automatic Assignment of Moral Foundations to Movies by Word Embedding",
      "author": "Gonz\\'{a}lez-Santos, Carlos and Vega-Rodr\\'{\\i}guez, Miguel A. and P\\'{e}rez, Carlos J. and L\\'{o}pez-Mu\\~{n}oz, Joaqu\\'{\\i}n M. and Mart\\'{\\i}nez-Sarriegui, I\\~{n}aki",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110539",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "popescu2014time": {
      "publisher": "Elsevier",
      "year": "2014",
      "pages": "3--13",
      "volume": "69",
      "journal": "Knowledge-Based Systems",
      "author": "Popescu, Octavian and Strapparava, Carlo",
      "title": "Time corpora: Epochs, opinions and changes",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "popescu2014time",
      "source": "knowledge_based_systems.bib"
   },
   "hooverTwitterCorpus2020": {
      "abstract": "Research has shown that accounting for moral sentiment in natural language can yield insight into a variety of on- and off-line phenomena such as message diffusion, protest dynamics, and social distancing. However, measuring moral sentiment in natural language is challenging, and the difficulty of this task is exacerbated by the limited availability of annotated data. To address this issue, we introduce the Moral Foundations Twitter Corpus, a collection of 35,108 tweets that have been curated from seven distinct domains of discourse and hand annotated by at least three trained annotators for 10 categories of moral sentiment. To facilitate investigations of annotator response dynamics, we also provide psychological and demographic metadata for each annotator. Finally, we report moral sentiment classification baselines for this corpus using a range of popular methodologies.",
      "eprint": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619876629",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619876629",
      "doi": "10.1177/1948550619876629",
      "year": "2020",
      "pages": "1057–1071",
      "number": "8",
      "volume": "11",
      "journal": "Social Psychological and Personality Science",
      "title": "Moral Foundations Twitter Corpus: A Collection of 35k Tweets Annotated for Moral Sentiment",
      "author": "Hoover, Joe and Portillo-Wightman, Gwenyth and Yeh, Leigh and Havaldar, Shreya and Davani, Aida Mostafazadeh and Lin, Ying and Kennedy, Brendan and Atari, Mohammad and Kamel, Zahra and Mendlen, Madelyn and et al.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "hooverTwitterCorpus2020",
      "source": "sage.bib"
   },
   "karami2023Persian": {
      "abstract": "Moral expressions in online communications can have a serious impact on framing discussions and subsequent online behaviours. Despite research on extracting moral sentiment from English text, other low-resource languages, such as Persian, lack enough resources and research about this important topic. We address this issue using the Moral Foundation theory (MFT) as the theoretical moral psychology paradigm. We developed a Twitter data set of 8000 tweets that are manually annotated for moral foundations and also we established a baseline for computing moral sentiment from Persian text. We evaluate a plethora of state-of-the-art machine learning models, both rule-based and neural, including distributed dictionary representation (DDR), long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformer (BERT). Our findings show that among different models, fine-tuning a pre-trained Persian BERT language model with a linear network as the classifier yields the best results. Furthermore, we analysed this model to find out which layer of the model contributes most to this superior accuracy. We also proposed an alternative transformer-based model that yields competitive results to the BERT model despite its lower size and faster inference time. The proposed model can be used as a tool for analysing moral sentiment and framing in Persian texts for downstream social and psychological studies. We also hope our work provides some resources for further enhancing the methods for computing moral sentiment in Persian text.",
      "eprint": "https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231188344",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231188344",
      "doi": "10.1177/01655515231188344",
      "year": "2023b",
      "pages": "1655515231188344",
      "number": "0",
      "volume": "0",
      "journal": "Journal of Information Science",
      "title": "A transformer-based deep learning model for Persian moral sentiment analysis",
      "author": "Karami, Behnam and Bakouie, Fatemeh and Gharibzadeh, Shahriar",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "karami2023Persian",
      "source": "sage.bib"
   },
   "10.1177/0894439313506837": {
      "keywords": "discourse analysis, moral foundations dictionary, moral foundations theory, moral rhetoric, latent semantic analysis",
      "numpages": "13",
      "pages": "132–144",
      "month": "apr",
      "journal": "Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev.",
      "abstract": "In this paper we present a computational text analysis technique for measuring the moral loading of concepts as they are used in a corpus. This method is especially useful for the study of online corpora as it allows for the rapid analysis of moral rhetoric in texts such as blogs and tweets as events unfold. We use latent semantic analysis to compute the semantic similarity between concepts and moral keywords taken from the \\^{a} Moral foundation Dictionary\\^{a} . This measure of semantic similarity represents the loading of these concepts on the five moral dimensions identified by moral foundation theory. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method using three different concepts and corpora.",
      "doi": "10.1177/0894439313506837",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439313506837",
      "issn": "0894-4393",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "32",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Sage Publications, Inc.",
      "issue_date": "April     2014",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "Measuring Moral Rhetoric in Text",
      "author": "Sagi, Eyal and Dehghani, Morteza",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1177/0894439313506837",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "doi:10.1177/15562646231168919": {
      "abstract": "The study aimed to examine whether the use of words related to different moral foundations can predict the perceived severity of research misconduct. We gave two groups of participants, undergraduate medical students, the same hypothetical scenarios of research misconduct cases containing words related to different aspects of morality, and asked them to assess how inappropriate the described behavior was. Students ranked the described behaviors differently by the inappropriateness of the behavior, but the group wording was not a significant predictor of appropriateness. The reasons for the ranking were not related to any standardized procedures for research integrity but were related to the moral assessment of the students, which was assessed using qualitative approach. The results of this study implicate that personal moral views are an important part in research integrity training.",
      "eprint": "https://doi.org/10.1177/15562646231168919",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/15562646231168919",
      "note": "PMID:37042044",
      "doi": "10.1177/15562646231168919",
      "year": "2023a",
      "pages": "154–160",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "18",
      "journal": "Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics",
      "title": "Student Moral Foundations in the Context of Research Misbehavior: An Experimental Study",
      "author": "Ivan Buljan and Ružica Tokalić and Vicko Tomić and Marin Viđak and Ana Marušić",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "doi:10.1177/15562646231168919",
      "source": "sage.bib"
   },
   "doi:10.1177/0957926517734422": {
      "abstract": "In this article, we take a queer linguistics approach to the analysis of data from British newspaper articles that discuss the introduction of same-sex marriage. Drawing on methods from critical discourse analysis (CDA) and corpus linguistics, we focus on the construction of agency in relation to the government extending marriage to same-sex couples, and those resisting this. We show that opponents to same-sex marriage are represented and represent themselves as victims whose moral values, traditions and civil liberties are being threatened by the state. Specifically, we argue that victimhood is invoked in a way that both enables and permits discourses of implicit homophobia.",
      "eprint": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926517734422",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926517734422",
      "doi": "10.1177/0957926517734422",
      "year": "2018e",
      "pages": "180–197",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "29",
      "journal": "Discourse & Society",
      "title": "Opposition as victimhood in newspaper debates about same-sex marriage",
      "author": "Georgina Turner and Sara Mills and Isabelle van der Bom and Laura Coffey-Glover and Laura L Paterson and Lucy Jones",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "doi:10.1177/0957926517734422",
      "source": "sage.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Brand23": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Brand23.bib",
      "timestamp": "Sun, 24 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3600211.3604741",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604741",
      "year": "2023",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "990--992",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2023, Montr{\\'{e}}al, QC, Canada, August 8-10, 2023",
      "title": "Exploring the Moral Value of Explainable Artificial Intelligence Through Public Service Postal Banks",
      "editor": "Francesca Rossi and\nSanmay Das and\nJenny Davis and\nKay Firth{-}Butterfield and\nAlex John",
      "author": "Joshua Brand",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Brand23",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Cook23": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Cook23.bib",
      "timestamp": "Sun, 24 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3600211.3604703",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604703",
      "year": "2023",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "162--169",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2023, Montr{\\'{e}}al, QC, Canada, August 8-10, 2023",
      "title": "Robust Artificial Moral Agents and Metanormativity",
      "editor": "Francesca Rossi and\nSanmay Das and\nJenny Davis and\nKay Firth{-}Butterfield and\nAlex John",
      "author": "Tyler Cook",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Cook23",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Kierans23": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Kierans23.bib",
      "timestamp": "Sun, 24 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3600211.3604764",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604764",
      "year": "2023",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "964--965",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2023, Montr{\\'{e}}al, QC, Canada, August 8-10, 2023",
      "title": "Benchmarked Ethics: A Roadmap to AI Alignment, Moral Knowledge, and Control",
      "editor": "Francesca Rossi and\nSanmay Das and\nJenny Davis and\nKay Firth{-}Butterfield and\nAlex John",
      "author": "Aidan Kierans",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Kierans23",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/ChenEG22": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/ChenEG22.bib",
      "timestamp": "Fri, 29 Jul 2022 10:48:28 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3514094.3534180",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534180",
      "year": "2022",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "181--191",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '22: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Oxford,\nUnited Kingdom, May 19 - 21, 2021",
      "title": "Ordinary People as Moral Heroes and Foes: Digital Role Model Narratives Propagate Social Norms in China's Social Credit System",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nJohn Tasioulas and\nMatthias Scheutz and\nRyan Calo and\nMartina Mara and\nAnnette Zimmermann",
      "author": "Mo Chen and\nSeverin Engelmann and\nJens Grossklags",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/ChenEG22",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/EvansBQRT22": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/EvansBQRT22.bib",
      "timestamp": "Fri, 29 Jul 2022 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3514094.3534193",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534193",
      "year": "2022",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "253--264",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '22: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Oxford,\nUnited Kingdom, May 19 - 21, 2021",
      "title": "Stochastic Policies in Morally Constrained (C-)SSPs",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nJohn Tasioulas and\nMatthias Scheutz and\nRyan Calo and\nMartina Mara and\nAnnette Zimmermann",
      "author": "Charles Evans and\nClaire Benn and\nIgnacio Ojea Quintana and\nPamela Robinson and\nSylvie Thi{\\'{e}}baux",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/EvansBQRT22",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/LiuMWV22": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/LiuMWV22.bib",
      "timestamp": "Sat, 30 Sep 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3514094.3534139",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534139",
      "year": "2022",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "436--445",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '22: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Oxford,\nUnited Kingdom, May 19 - 21, 2021",
      "title": "Artificial Moral Advisors: A New Perspective from Moral Psychology",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nJohn Tasioulas and\nMatthias Scheutz and\nRyan Calo and\nMartina Mara and\nAnnette Zimmermann",
      "author": "Yuxin Liu and\nAdam Moore and\nJamie Webb and\nShannon Vallor",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/LiuMWV22",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/LoreggiaMRRSV22": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/LoreggiaMRRSV22.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 26 Jun 2023 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3514094.3534174",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534174",
      "year": "2022",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "447--454",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '22: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Oxford,\nUnited Kingdom, May 19 - 21, 2021",
      "title": "Making Human-Like Moral Decisions",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nJohn Tasioulas and\nMatthias Scheutz and\nRyan Calo and\nMartina Mara and\nAnnette Zimmermann",
      "author": "Andrea Loreggia and\nNicholas Mattei and\nTaher Rahgooy and\nFrancesca Rossi and\nBiplav Srivastava and\nKristen Brent Venable",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/LoreggiaMRRSV22",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Semler22": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Semler22.bib",
      "timestamp": "Fri, 29 Jul 2022 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3514094.3539549",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3539549",
      "year": "2022",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "913",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '22: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Oxford,\nUnited Kingdom, May 19 - 21, 2021",
      "title": "Artificial Quasi Moral Agency",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nJohn Tasioulas and\nMatthias Scheutz and\nRyan Calo and\nMartina Mara and\nAnnette Zimmermann",
      "author": "Jen Semler",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Semler22",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/NashedSZ21": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/NashedSZ21.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 02 Aug 2021 11:56:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3461702.3462522",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462522",
      "year": "2021",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "188--198",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '21: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Virtual\nEvent, USA, May 19-21, 2021",
      "title": "Ethically Compliant Planning within Moral Communities",
      "editor": "Marion Fourcade and\nBenjamin Kuipers and\nSeth Lazar and\nDeirdre K. Mulligan",
      "author": "Samer B. Nashed and\nJustin Svegliato and\nShlomo Zilberstein",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/NashedSZ21",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Robinson21": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Robinson21.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 02 Aug 2021 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3461702.3462534",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462534",
      "year": "2021",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "209",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '21: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Virtual\nEvent, USA, May 19-21, 2021",
      "title": "Moral Disagreement and Artificial Intelligence",
      "editor": "Marion Fourcade and\nBenjamin Kuipers and\nSeth Lazar and\nDeirdre K. Mulligan",
      "author": "Pamela Robinson",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Robinson21",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/ChanDMCDBS20": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/ChanDMCDBS20.bib",
      "timestamp": "Thu, 14 Oct 2021 10:27:33 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3375627.3375870",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375870",
      "year": "2020",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "214--220",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '20: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, New\nYork, NY, USA, February 7-8, 2020",
      "title": "Artificial Artificial Intelligence: Measuring Influence of AI 'Assessments' on Moral Decision-Making",
      "editor": "Annette N. Markham and\nJulia Powles and\nToby Walsh and\nAnne L. Washington",
      "author": "Lok Chan and\nKenzie Doyle and\nDuncan C. McElfresh and\nVincent Conitzer and\nJohn P. Dickerson and\nJana Schaich Borg and\nWalter Sinnott{-}Armstrong",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/ChanDMCDBS20",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Dubljevic20": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Dubljevic20.bib",
      "timestamp": "Thu, 14 Oct 2021 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3375627.3375853",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375853",
      "year": "2020",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "243",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '20: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, New\nYork, NY, USA, February 7-8, 2020",
      "title": "Toward Implementing the Agent-Deed-Consequence Model of Moral Judgment in Autonomous Vehicles",
      "editor": "Annette N. Markham and\nJulia Powles and\nToby Walsh and\nAnne L. Washington",
      "author": "Veljko Dubljevic",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Dubljevic20",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/MartinhoKC20": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/MartinhoKC20.bib",
      "timestamp": "Thu, 06 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0100",
      "doi": "10.1145/3375627.3375805",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375805",
      "year": "2020",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "101",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '20: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, New\nYork, NY, USA, February 7-8, 2020",
      "title": "An Empirical Approach to Capture Moral Uncertainty in AI",
      "editor": "Annette N. Markham and\nJulia Powles and\nToby Walsh and\nAnne L. Washington",
      "author": "Andreia Martinho and\nMaarten Kroesen and\nCaspar G. Chorus",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/MartinhoKC20",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/SmartJHWV20": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/SmartJHWV20.bib",
      "timestamp": "Sun, 02 Oct 2022 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3375627.3375866",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375866",
      "year": "2020",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "372--377",
      "booktitle": "{AIES} '20: {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, New\nYork, NY, USA, February 7-8, 2020",
      "title": "Why Reliabilism Is not Enough: Epistemic and Moral Justification in Machine Learning",
      "editor": "Annette N. Markham and\nJulia Powles and\nToby Walsh and\nAnne L. Washington",
      "author": "Andrew Smart and\nLarry James and\nBen Hutchinson and\nSimone Wu and\nShannon Vallor",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/SmartJHWV20",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Cruz19": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Cruz19.bib",
      "timestamp": "Thu, 11 Jul 2019 09:23:07 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3306618.3314280",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314280",
      "year": "2019",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "139--146",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2019 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2019, Honolulu, HI, USA, January 27-28, 2019",
      "title": "Shared Moral Foundations of Embodied Artificial Intelligence",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nGillian K. Hadfield and\nShannon Vallor",
      "author": "Joe Cruz",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Cruz19",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/JentzschSRK19": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/JentzschSRK19.bib",
      "timestamp": "Thu, 14 Oct 2021 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3306618.3314267",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314267",
      "year": "2019",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "37--44",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2019 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2019, Honolulu, HI, USA, January 27-28, 2019",
      "title": "Semantics Derived Automatically from Language Corpora Contain Human-like Moral Choices",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nGillian K. Hadfield and\nShannon Vallor",
      "author": "Sophie F. Jentzsch and\nPatrick Schramowski and\nConstantin A. Rothkopf and\nKristian Kersting",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/JentzschSRK19",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/LiaoST19": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/LiaoST19.bib",
      "timestamp": "Tue, 21 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0100",
      "doi": "10.1145/3306618.3314257",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314257",
      "year": "2019",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "147--153",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2019 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2019, Honolulu, HI, USA, January 27-28, 2019",
      "title": "Building Jiminy Cricket: An Architecture for Moral Agreements Among Stakeholders",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nGillian K. Hadfield and\nShannon Vallor",
      "author": "Beishui Liao and\nMarija Slavkovik and\nLeendert W. N. van der Torre",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/LiaoST19",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/McElfresh19": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/McElfresh19.bib",
      "timestamp": "Thu, 11 Jul 2019 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3306618.3314320",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314320",
      "year": "2019",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "549--550",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2019 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2019, Honolulu, HI, USA, January 27-28, 2019",
      "title": "A Framework for Technically- and Morally-Sound AI",
      "editor": "Vincent Conitzer and\nGillian K. Hadfield and\nShannon Vallor",
      "author": "Duncan C. McElfresh",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/McElfresh19",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/KimKAADTR18": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/KimKAADTR18.bib",
      "timestamp": "Fri, 25 Dec 2020 01:15:08 +0100",
      "doi": "10.1145/3278721.3278770",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278770",
      "year": "2018",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "197--203",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2018 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2018, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 02-03, 2018",
      "title": "A Computational Model of Commonsense Moral Decision Making",
      "editor": "Jason Furman and\nGary E. Marchant and\nHuw Price and\nFrancesca Rossi",
      "author": "Richard Kim and\nMax Kleiman{-}Weiner and\nAndr{\\'{e}}s Abeliuk and\nEdmond Awad and\nSohan Dsouza and\nJoshua B. Tenenbaum and\nIyad Rahwan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/KimKAADTR18",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/Scheessele18": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/Scheessele18.bib",
      "timestamp": "Sat, 09 Apr 2022 01:00:00 +0200",
      "doi": "10.1145/3278721.3278743",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278743",
      "year": "2018",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "251--256",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2018 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2018, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 02-03, 2018",
      "title": "A Framework for Grounding the Moral Status of Intelligent Machines",
      "editor": "Jason Furman and\nGary E. Marchant and\nHuw Price and\nFrancesca Rossi",
      "author": "Michael R. Scheessele",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/Scheessele18",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/SerramiaLRMWA18": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/SerramiaLRMWA18.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 03 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0100",
      "doi": "10.1145/3278721.3278735",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278735",
      "year": "2018",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "264--270",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2018 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2018, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 02-03, 2018",
      "title": "Exploiting Moral Values to Choose the Right Norms",
      "editor": "Jason Furman and\nGary E. Marchant and\nHuw Price and\nFrancesca Rossi",
      "author": "Marc Serramia and\nMaite L{\\'{o}}pez{-}S{\\'{a}}nchez and\nJuan A. Rodr{\\'{\\i}}guez{-}Aguilar and\nJavier Morales and\nMichael J. Wooldridge and\nCarlos Ans{\\'{o}}tegui",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/SerramiaLRMWA18",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "DBLP:conf/aies/ShawSOLC18": {
      "bibsource": "dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org",
      "biburl": "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aies/ShawSOLC18.bib",
      "timestamp": "Mon, 14 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0100",
      "doi": "10.1145/3278721.3278728",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278728",
      "year": "2018",
      "publisher": "{ACM}",
      "pages": "271--277",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2018 {AAAI/ACM} Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society,\n{AIES} 2018, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 02-03, 2018",
      "title": "Towards Provably Moral AI Agents in Bottom-up Learning Frameworks",
      "editor": "Jason Furman and\nGary E. Marchant and\nHuw Price and\nFrancesca Rossi",
      "author": "Nolan P. Shaw and\nAndreas St{\\\"{o}}ckel and\nRyan W. Orr and\nThomas Finn Lidbetter and\nRobin Cohen",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "DBLP:conf/aies/ShawSOLC18",
      "source": "q[moral+streamid%3Aconf%2Faies%3A]2023-12-12.bib"
   },
   "Cheng_Zhang_2023": {
      "month": "Sep.",
      "year": "2023",
      "author": "Cheng, Calvin Yixiang and Zhang, Weiyu",
      "journal": "Computational Communication Research",
      "number": "2",
      "abstractnote": "<p>Our paper describes the development of a Chinese Moral Foundation Dictionary (C-MFD 2.0) to assist in the automated detection and analysis of moral intuition in the Chinese context. We took the approach of method- theory co-development and followed a human-led and machine-assisted procedure that emphasized opportunities for theoretical advancement, which enhances the validity of the computational tool. Starting from the existing Chinese translation of the established English moral foundation dictionaries, we enriched the dictionary with a list of unique Chinese moral-relevant words. Five experts went through four rounds of coding, followed by the validation of 202 crowd coders. The C-MFD 2.0 identifies not only the classic five moral foundations but also proposes several potential moral foundation candidates in the Chinese context. It demonstrates acceptable validity in detecting moral foundation values from Chinese texts. Our paper illustrates how a non-English moral foundation dictionary can be built for computational analysis and furthers moral foundation theory in a cross-language context.</p>",
      "doi": "10.5117/CCR2023.2.10.CHEN",
      "url": "https://computationalcommunication.org/ccr/article/view/212",
      "volume": "5",
      "title": "C-MFD 2.0: Developing a Chinese Moral Foundation Dictionary",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "Cheng_Zhang_2023",
      "source": "computational_communication_research.bib"
   },
   "garten2018dictionaries": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2018",
      "pages": "344--361",
      "volume": "50",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Garten, Justin and Hoover, Joe and Johnson, Kate M and Boghrati, Reihane and Iskiwitch, Carol and Dehghani, Morteza",
      "title": "Dictionaries and distributions: Combining expert knowledge and large scale textual data content analysis: Distributed dictionary representation",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "garten2018dictionaries",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "clifford2015moral": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2015",
      "pages": "1178--1198",
      "number": "4",
      "volume": "47",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Clifford, Scott and Iyengar, Vijeth and Cabeza, Roberto and Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter",
      "title": "Moral foundations vignettes: A standardized stimulus database of scenarios based on moral foundations theory",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "clifford2015moral",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "crone2021developing": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2021",
      "pages": "1179--1187",
      "volume": "53",
      "journal": "Behavior Research Methods",
      "author": "Crone, Damien L and Rhee, Joshua J and Laham, Simon M",
      "title": "Developing brief versions of the Moral Foundations Vignettes using a genetic algorithm-based approach",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "crone2021developing",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "hopp2021extended": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2021",
      "pages": "232--246",
      "volume": "53",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Hopp, Frederic R and Fisher, Jacob T and Cornell, Devin and Huskey, Richard and Weber, Ren{\\'e}",
      "title": "The extended Moral Foundations Dictionary (eMFD): Development and applications of a crowd-sourced approach to extracting moral intuitions from text",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "hopp2021extended",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "hsu2019identifying": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2019",
      "pages": "1706--1716",
      "volume": "51",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Hsu, Anne S and Martin, Jay B and Sanborn, Adam N and Griffiths, Thomas L",
      "title": "Identifying category representations for complex stimuli using discrete Markov chain Monte Carlo with people",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "hsu2019identifying",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "carron2023oxford": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2023",
      "pages": "1--12",
      "journal": "Behavior Research Methods",
      "author": "Carron, Robin and Blanc, Nathalie and Anders, Royce and Brigaud, Emmanuelle",
      "title": "The Oxford Utilitarianism Scale: Psychometric properties of a French adaptation (OUS-Fr)",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "carron2023oxford",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "dehghani2017tacit": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2017",
      "pages": "538--547",
      "volume": "49",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Dehghani, Morteza and Johnson, Kate M and Garten, Justin and Boghrati, Reihane and Hoover, Joe and Balasubramanian, Vijayan and Singh, Anurag and Shankar, Yuvarani and Pulickal, Linda and Rajkumar, Aswin and others",
      "title": "TACIT: An open-source text analysis, crawling, and interpretation tool",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "dehghani2017tacit",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "di2023lexpander": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2023",
      "pages": "1--16",
      "journal": "Behavior Research Methods",
      "author": "Di Natale, Anna and Garcia, David",
      "title": "LEXpander: Applying colexification networks to automated lexicon expansion",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "di2023lexpander",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "sagi2019taming": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2019",
      "pages": "1619--1635",
      "volume": "51",
      "journal": "Behavior Research Methods",
      "author": "Sagi, Eyal",
      "title": "Taming big data: Applying the experimental method to naturalistic data sets",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "sagi2019taming",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "maertens2023misinformation": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2023",
      "pages": "1--37",
      "journal": "Behavior Research Methods",
      "author": "Maertens, Rakoen and G{\\\"o}tz, Friedrich M and Golino, Hudson F and Roozenbeek, Jon and Schneider, Claudia R and Kyrychenko, Yara and Kerr, John R and Stieger, Stefan and McClanahan, William P and Drabot, Karly and others",
      "title": "The Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST): A psychometrically validated measure of news veracity discernment",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "maertens2023misinformation",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "ketelaar2007emotlab": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2007",
      "pages": "959--972",
      "volume": "39",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Ketelaar, Timothy and Preston, Ben and Russell, Deborah and Davis, Mark and Strosser, Garrett",
      "title": "EMOTLAB: Software for studying emotional signaling in economic bargaining games",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "ketelaar2007emotlab",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "kruepke2018brief": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2018",
      "pages": "922--936",
      "volume": "50",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Kruepke, Michael and Molloy, Erin K and Bresin, Konrad and Barbey, Aron K and Verona, Edelyn",
      "title": "A brief assessment tool for investigating facets of moral judgment from realistic vignettes",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "kruepke2018brief",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "van2021grievance": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2021",
      "pages": "1--15",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "van der Vegt, Isabelle and Mozes, Maximilian and Kleinberg, Bennett and Gill, Paul",
      "title": "The grievance dictionary: Understanding threatening language use",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "van2021grievance",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "pennycook2016cognitive": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2016",
      "pages": "341--348",
      "volume": "48",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Pennycook, Gordon and Cheyne, James Allan and Koehler, Derek J and Fugelsang, Jonathan A",
      "title": "Is the cognitive reflection test a measure of both reflection and intuition?",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "pennycook2016cognitive",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "bialek2018cognitive": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2018",
      "pages": "1953--1959",
      "volume": "50",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Bialek, Michal and Pennycook, Gordon",
      "title": "The cognitive reflection test is robust to multiple exposures",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "bialek2018cognitive",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "boghrati2018conversation": {
      "publisher": "Springer",
      "year": "2018",
      "pages": "1055--1073",
      "volume": "50",
      "journal": "Behavior research methods",
      "author": "Boghrati, Reihane and Hoover, Joe and Johnson, Kate M and Garten, Justin and Dehghani, Morteza",
      "title": "Conversation level syntax similarity metric",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "boghrati2018conversation",
      "source": "Behavior_Research_Methods_Springer.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-35927-9_30": {
      "location": "Copenhagen, Denmark",
      "keywords": "Unethical Behavior, Moral Foundations, Moral Receptors, Whistleblower, Moral Foundation Theory, Moral Foundation Vignettes",
      "numpages": "15",
      "pages": "435–449",
      "booktitle": "Social Computing and Social Media: 15th International Conference, SCSM 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23–28, 2023, Proceedings, Part II",
      "abstract": "Within the last years, whistleblowing has received considerable attention, as calls for ethical behavior in the workplace have grown louder. Despite this fact, research has shown that individuals who blow the whistle are often frowned upon and treated poorly. Previous research already tried to explain unethical behavior on social media by linking moral receptors with moral disengagement in the context of unethical behavior. For an explanation on the origins and variations in human reasoning typically Moral Foundations Theory and its ’gold-standard’ measurement scale—the Moral Foundation Questionnaire—are used. The scale has been used extensively in a range of empirical projects. However, recent research also raises criticisms from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. In this paper, a comprehensive set of Moral Foundations vignettes is developed to address some of the issues raised with the current questionnaire. Each vignette depicts a behavior violating a particular moral foundation. The validity of the developed vignettes is demonstrated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting set of Moral Foundation Vignettes consists of 41 scenarios categorized in eight different factors, where Care foundation is subdivided into three different factors.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-35927-9_30",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35927-9_30",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-35926-2",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Development of New Moral Foundation Vignettes for Unethical Behavior Against Whistleblowers",
      "author": "Becker, Stefan and Scheiner, Christian W.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-35927-9_30",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3524458.3547264": {
      "series": "GoodIT '22",
      "location": "Limassol, Cyprus",
      "keywords": "word embeddings, natural language processing, moral values, moral foundations theory, liberty, lexicon",
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "154–160",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Information Technology for Social Good",
      "abstract": "Quantifying the moral narratives expressed in the user-generated text, news, or public discourses is fundamental for understanding individuals’ concerns and viewpoints and preventing violent protests and social polarisation. The Moral Foundation Theory (MFT) was developed to operationalise morality in a five-dimensional scale system. Recent developments of the theory urged for the introduction of a new foundation, the Liberty Foundation. Being only recently added to the theory, there are no available linguistic resources to assess whether liberty is present in text corpora. Given its importance to current social issues such as the vaccination debate, we propose two data-driven approaches, deriving two candidate lexicons generated based on aligned documents from online news sources with different worldviews. After extensive experimentation, we contribute to the research community a novel lexicon that assesses the liberty moral foundation in the way individuals with contrasting viewpoints express themselves through written text. The LibertyMFD dictionary can be a valuable tool for policymakers to understand diverse viewpoints on controversial social issues such as vaccination, abortion, or even uprisings, as they happen and on a large scale.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3524458.3547264",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3524458.3547264",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450392846",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "LibertyMFD: A Lexicon to Assess the Moral Foundation of Liberty.",
      "author": "Araque, Oscar and Gatti, Lorenzo and Kalimeri, Kyriaki",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3524458.3547264",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-25599-1_1": {
      "location": "Certosa di Pontignano, Italy",
      "keywords": "Moral foundation theory, Transformers, Text classification",
      "numpages": "13",
      "pages": "1–13",
      "booktitle": "Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science: 8th International Conference, LOD 2022, Certosa Di Pontignano, Italy, September 18–22, 2022, Revised Selected Papers, Part I",
      "abstract": "Moral Foundations Theory is a socio-cognitive psychological theory that constitutes a general framework aimed at explaining the origin and evolution of human moral reasoning. Due to its dyadic structure of values and their violations, it can be used as a theoretical background for discerning moral values from natural language text as it captures a user’s perspective on a specific topic. In this paper, we focus on the automatic detection of moral content in sentences or short paragraphs by means of machine learning techniques. We leverage on a corpus of tweets previously labeled as containing values or violations, according to the Moral Foundations Theory. We double evaluate the result of our work: (i) we compare the results of our model with the state of the art and (ii) we assess the proposed model in detecting the moral values with their polarity. The final outcome shows both an overall improvement in detecting moral content compared to the state of the art and adequate performances in detecting moral values with their sentiment polarity.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-25599-1_1",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25599-1_1",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-25598-4",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Detection of Morality in Tweets Based on the Moral Foundation Theory",
      "author": "Bulla, Luana and Giorgis, Stefano De and Gangemi, Aldo and Marinucci, Ludovica and Mongiov\\`{\\i}, Misael",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-25599-1_1",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-77772-2_6": {
      "keywords": "Generative pre-trained language model, Moral sentiment quantification, Human-machine teaming, Moral sentiment detection, Elaborated and restricted language codes, AI-generated synthetic context, Artificial intelligence, Moral foundations theory, Human-machine interaction",
      "numpages": "11",
      "pages": "84–94",
      "booktitle": "Artificial Intelligence in HCI: Second International Conference, AI-HCI 2021, Held as Part of the 23rd HCI International Conference, HCII 2021, Virtual Event, July 24–29, 2021, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "Moral rhetoric is defined as the language used for advocating or taking a moral stance towards an issue by invoking or making salient various moral concerns. The Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) can be used to evaluate expressions of moral sentiment. MFT proposes that there are five innate, universal moral foundations that exist across cultures and societies: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, and sanctity/degradation. We investigate the case in which texts containing MFD keywords are not expressed explicitly — hidden context. While members of high-context groups can read “between the lines” meanings, word counting methods or other NLP methods for moral sentiment detection and quantification cannot happen if the related keywords are not there to be counted. To explore the hidden context, we leverage a pretrained generative language model such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT-2) that uses deep learning to produce human-like text—to generate a new story. A human writer would usually provide several prompting sentences, and the GPT model would produce the rest of the story. To customize the GPT-2 model towards a specific domain―for this paper we studied local population’s attitudes towards US military bases located in foreign countries―a training dataset from the domain can be used to finetune the GPT-2 model. Finetuning means taking weights of a trained neural network and using it as initialization for a new model being trained on the finetuning dataset. Restricted language codes (meanings are not expressed explicitly) can be used as prompting sentences, and finetuned GPT models can be used to generate multiple versions of synthetic contextual stories. Since the GPT-2 model was trained using millions of examples from a huge text corpus, the generated context contents reflect the cultural-related knowledge and common sense in the culture. In addition, since finetuned models were trained using fine-tuned dataset, the generated context contents reflect the local people’s reaction for that specific domain—which is attitudes towards US military bases in regards to this paper. After using or fine-tuning the GPT-2 model to generate multiple versions of synthetic text, some versions might contain keywords defined in the MFD. Our hypothesis is that the percentage keywords related to the five morality domains can serve as statistical indicators for the five domains. Our experiment shows that the top five morality domain types experiencing significant percentage changes between positive and negative stories, generated by fine-tuned training models, are HarmVice, AuthorityVirtue, InGroupLoyalty, FairnessVirtue and FairnessVice. The results are in line with several major issues identified between US oversea military bases and local populations by well-known existing studies. The main contribution of this research is to use AI-generated synthetic context for detecting moral sentiment and quantification.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-77772-2_6",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77772-2_6",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-77771-5",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Morality Beyond the Lines: Detecting Moral Sentiment Using AI-Generated Synthetic Context",
      "author": "Qian, Ming and Laguardia, Jaye and Qian, Davis",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-77772-2_6",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3311957.3359496": {
      "series": "CSCW '19 Companion",
      "location": "Austin, TX, USA",
      "keywords": "social movements, natural language processing, social media analysis, moral foundations, social computing",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "347–351",
      "booktitle": "Companion Publication of the 2019 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing",
      "abstract": "In this paper, we analyze and compare the representation of social movements on social media from the perspective of morality. Following previous research, which found associations between morality, collective action, and social decision-making, we postulate that moral values are distinct across different movements since these movements represent moral values of those who support or oppose them. The result of our analysis of four movements as represented on Twitter (#BlackLivesMatter, #WhiteLivesMatter, #AllLivesMatter, and #BlueLivesMatter) reveal that #BlueLivesMatter represents values such as Care, Harm, Loyalty, and Authority, while #WhiteLivesMatter features Harm and Fairness. Moreover, we find that Harm is the most prominent moral value in all of our datasets. Our analysis provides a robust understanding of authors' moral stances, which contextualizes the influence of movements on people, and how these movements are perceived in society.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3311957.3359496",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3311957.3359496",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450366922",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "How Do Moral Values Differ in Tweets on Social Movements?",
      "author": "Rezapour, Rezvaneh and Ferronato, Priscilla and Diesner, Jana",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3311957.3359496",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3465336.3475112": {
      "series": "HT '21",
      "location": "Virtual Event, USA",
      "keywords": "moral foundations theory, stance analysis, social media, controversial topics, text analysis",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "177–188",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media",
      "abstract": "This paper investigates the correlation between moral foundations and the expression of opinions in the form of stance on different issues of public interest. This work is based on the assumption that the formation of values (personal and societal) and language are interrelated, and that we can observe differences in points of view in user-generated text data. We leverage the Moral Foundations Theory to expand the scope of stance analysis by examining the narratives in favor or against several topics. Applying an expanded version of the Moral Foundations Dictionary to a benchmark dataset for stance analysis, we capture and analyze the relationships between moral values and polarized online discussions. Using this enhanced methodology, we find that each social issue has different \"moral and lexical profiles.\" While some social issues project more authority related words (Donald Trump), others consists of words related to care and purity (abortion and feminism). Our correlation analysis of stance and morality revealed notable associations between stances on social issues and various types of morality, such as care, fairness, and loyalty, hence demonstrating that there are certain morality types that are more attributed to stance classification than others. Overall, our analysis highlights the usefulness of considering morality when studying stance. The differences observed in various viewpoints and stances highlights linguistic variation in discourse, which may assist in analyzing cultural values and biases in society.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3465336.3475112",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3465336.3475112",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450385510",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Incorporating the Measurement of Moral Foundations Theory into Analyzing Stances on Controversial Topics",
      "author": "Rezapour, Rezvaneh and Dinh, Ly and Diesner, Jana",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3465336.3475112",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_1": {
      "location": "Bolzano, Italy",
      "keywords": "Knowledge Representation, Frame Semantics, Ethics & AI, Commonsense Reasoning, Moral Values",
      "numpages": "16",
      "pages": "3–18",
      "booktitle": "Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: 23rd International Conference, EKAW 2022, Bolzano, Italy, September 26–29, 2022, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "Values, as intended in ethics, determine the shape and validity of moral and social norms, grounding our everyday individual and community behavior on commonsense knowledge. The attempt to untangle human moral and social value-oriented structure of relations requires investigating both the dimension of subjective human perception of the world, and socio-cultural dynamics and multi-agent social interactions. Formalising latent moral content in human interaction is an appealing perspective that would enable a deeper understanding of both social dynamics and individual cognitive and behavioral dimension. To formalize this broad knowledge area, in the context of ValueNet, a modular ontology representing and operationalising moral and social values, we present two modules aiming at representing two main informal theories in literature: (i) the Basic Human Values theory by Shalom Schwartz and (ii) the Moral Foundations Theory by Graham and Haidt. ValueNet is based on reusable Ontology Design Patterns, is aligned to the DOLCE foundational ontology, and is a component of the Framester factual-linguistic knowledge graph.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_1",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_1",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-17104-8",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Basic Human Values and Moral Foundations Theory in ValueNet Ontology",
      "author": "De Giorgis, Stefano and Gangemi, Aldo and Damiano, Rossana",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_1",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3511095.3531269": {
      "series": "HT '22",
      "location": "Barcelona, Spain",
      "keywords": "domain variation, moral values, adaptation, instant weighting, morality, classification",
      "numpages": "11",
      "pages": "121–131",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 33rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media",
      "abstract": "Classifying moral values in user-generated text from social media is critical in understanding community cultures and interpreting user behaviors of social movements. Moral values and language usage can change across the social movements; however, text classifiers are usually trained in source domains of existing social movements and tested in target domains of new social issues without considering the variations. In this study, we examine domain shifts of moral values and language usage, quantify the effects of domain shifts on the morality classification task, and propose a neural adaptation framework via instance weighting to improve cross-domain classification tasks. The quantification analysis suggests a strong correlation between morality shifts, language usage, and classification performance. We evaluate the neural adaptation framework on a public Twitter data across 7 social movements and gain classification improvements up to 12.1%. Finally, we release a new data of the COVID-19 vaccine labeled with moral values and evaluate our approach on the new target domain. For the case study of the COVID-19 vaccine, our adaptation framework achieves up to 5.26% improvements over neural baselines. This is the first study to quantify impacts of moral shifts, propose adaptive framework to model the shifts, and conduct a case study to model COVID-19 vaccine-related behaviors from moral values.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3511095.3531269",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3511095.3531269",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450392334",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Learning to Adapt Domain Shifts of Moral Values via Instance Weighting",
      "author": "Huang, Xiaolei and Wormley, Alexandra and Cohen, Adam",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3511095.3531269",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3237383.3237891": {
      "series": "AAMAS '18",
      "location": "Stockholm, Sweden",
      "keywords": "norm decision making, normative systems, value-based reasoning",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "1294–1302",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems",
      "abstract": "Most often, both agents and human societies use norms to coordinate their on-going activities. Nevertheless, choosing the 'right' set of norms to regulate these societies constitutes an open problem. Firstly, intrinsic norm relationships may lead to inconsistencies in the chosen set of norms. Secondly, and more importantly, there is an increasing demand of including ethical considerations in the decision making process. This paper focuses on choosing the 'right' norms by considering moral values together with society's partial preferences over these values and the extent to which candidate norms promote them. The resulting decision making problem can then be encoded as a linear program, and hence solved by state-of-the art solvers. Furthermore, we empirically test several optimisation scenarios so to determine the system's performance and the characteristics of the problem that affect its hardness.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Moral Values in Norm Decision Making",
      "author": "Serramia, Marc and Lopez-Sanchez, Maite and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Juan A. and Rodriguez, Manel and Wooldridge, Michael and Morales, Javier and Ansotegui, Carlos",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3237383.3237891",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1287/orsc.2022.1652": {
      "keywords": "justice, ethics, morality, emotions, sexual misconduct",
      "numpages": "27",
      "pages": "1938–1964",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Organization Science",
      "abstract": "We build on deontic justice and moral foundations theories to shed light on responses to sexual misconduct at work by proposing a model that explains why some third parties punish accusing victims and support alleged perpetrators. We theorize that when third parties are given conflicting he-said, she-said information, they intuitively evaluate organizational injustice based on moral values. We further theorize that binding moral foundations (loyalty, authority, purity) give rise to sympathy toward men accused of sexual misconduct and anger toward female accusers. Across five studies (total n = 5,413) utilizing archival, field, and vignette designs, we examined third-party responses to sexual misconduct accusations ranging in severity across several industries. Third-party endorsement of binding moral foundations was linked to increased perpetrator-directed sympathy and victim-directed anger (Studies 1–4). These emotions jointly mediated the relationship between binding values and credibility perceptions of the accusing victim and the alleged perpetrator (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, victim credibility was negatively associated with social sanctions and punishment severity levied toward the accusing victim, and perpetrator credibility was negatively associated with the same punishment outcomes for the alleged perpetrator (Studies 3 and 4). In Study 5, we found that managers framing the accusing victim as disloyal exacerbated negative judgments and emotions toward the victim and positive judgments and emotions toward the perpetrator for individuals who highly ascribe to binding moral foundations. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of moral concerns on third parties’ emotions, judgments, and motivations to punish actors involved in sexual misconduct allegations.Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at .",
      "doi": "10.1287/orsc.2022.1652",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1652",
      "issn": "1526-5455",
      "number": "5",
      "volume": "34",
      "address": "Linthicum, MD, USA",
      "publisher": "INFORMS",
      "issue_date": "September-October 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Moral Foundations, Himpathy, and Punishment Following Organizational Sexual Misconduct Allegations",
      "author": "Dodson, Samantha J. and Goodwin, Rachael D. and Graham, Jesse and Diekmann, Kristina A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1287/orsc.2022.1652",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-35995-8_30": {
      "location": "Prague, Czech Republic",
      "keywords": "Text Mining, Political Discourse, Moral Foundations Dictionary, Moral Foundations Theory",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "421–434",
      "booktitle": "Computational Science – ICCS 2023: 23rd International Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, July 3–5, 2023, Proceedings, Part I",
      "abstract": "Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) has shown that American liberals and conservatives rely on fundamentally different moral principles, offering a different perspective on the deepening political divide in US politics. However, results outside the US have been less clear, particularly in countries with a more diverse political landscape that does not fall into the traditional Liberal/Conservative dichotomy. Here, we expand the Moral Foundations Dictionary to European Portuguese, which we then use to analyze 10 years of transcripts of parliamentary sessions using standard Data Science and Text Mining techniques. Despite a larger number of represented parties, we show that no traditional parties fall into the Conservative or Liberal characterization and that the political landscape in Portugal is relatively homogeneous with the major difference observed concerning the dichotomy between Government and the parliament.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-35995-8_30",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35995-8_30",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-35994-1",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "A Moral Foundations Dictionary for the European Portuguese Language: The Case of Portuguese Parliamentary Debates",
      "author": "Z\\'{u}quete, Mafalda and Orghian, Diana and Pinheiro, Fl\\'{a}vio L.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-35995-8_30",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1023/A:1011471604734": {
      "keywords": "adjudication, privacy, ethical theory, public records",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "3–12",
      "month": "may",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "A case from 1996 in Oregon in which citizens' legally public\n\nmotor vehicle information was disseminated on a World Wide Web\n\nsite is considered. The case evoked widespread moral outrage\n\namong Oregonians and led to changes in the Oregon records laws.\n\nThe application of either consequentialist or\n\nnon-consequentialist moral theories to this and other\n\ninformational privacy cases is found to be inadequate.\n\nAdjudication of conflicting desires is offered as the appropriate\n\nanalytical model for moral disputes. The notion of adjudication\n\noffered here diverges from traditional moral theories in its\n\nindeterminate nature.",
      "doi": "10.1023/A:1011471604734",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011471604734",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "3",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Mar 2001",
      "year": "2001",
      "title": "Informational Privacy and Moral Values",
      "author": "Scanlan, Michael",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1023/A:1011471604734",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3414752.3414782": {
      "series": "ICEME '20",
      "location": "<conf-loc>, <city>Beijing</city>, <country>China</country>, </conf-loc>",
      "keywords": "Moral education, financial information disclosure responsibility, moral values",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "206–210",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2020 11th International Conference on E-Business, Management and Economics",
      "abstract": "In the current complex economic environment, the phenomenon of financial fraud is endless. As accounting students play an important role in the future capital market, we aimed to focus on moral education, and analyze its influence on cultivating students' moral values and their strong responsibility of financial information disclosure. Therefore, our study recruited college students of Zhaoqing University, and delivered moral education. Finally, regression analysis was conducted on the collected questionnaire data. This paper intends to verify the relationship among the moral education, the establishment of moral values and the responsibility for financial information disclosure. We result show that moral education curriculum can positively influence students' moral values, and strong moral values can enhance students' sense of responsibility for financial information disclosure.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3414752.3414782",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3414752.3414782",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450388016",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Influence of Moral Education on Students’ Moral Values and Responsibility of Financial Information Disclosure",
      "author": "YANG, LILING and LIU, XIAOQIONG",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3414752.3414782",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.024": {
      "keywords": "Computational social science, Demographics, Machine learning, Moral foundations, Psychological profiles, Smartphone data",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "428–445",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "Comput. Hum. Behav.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.024",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.024",
      "issn": "0747-5632",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "92",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Mar 2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Predicting Demographics, Moral Foundations, and Human Values from Digital Behaviours",
      "author": "Kalimeri, Kyriaki and Beir\\'{o}, Mariano G. and Delfino, Matteo and Raleigh, Robert and Cattuto, Ciro",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.024",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2456485.2456493": {
      "series": "SBP'13",
      "location": "Washington, DC",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "56–64",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction",
      "abstract": "We investigate whether a small digital trace, gathered from simple repeated matrix game play data, can reveal fundamental aspects of a person's sacred values or moral identity. We find correlations that are often counterintuitive on the surface, but are coherent upon deeper analysis. This ability to reveal information about a person's moral identity could be useful in a wide variety of settings.",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "9783642372094",
      "year": "2013",
      "title": "Moral Values from Simple Game Play",
      "author": "Kim, Eunkyung and Iyer, Ravi and Graham, Jesse and Chang, Yu-Han and Maheswaran, Rajiv",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/2456485.2456493",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1023/A:1011854211207": {
      "keywords": "code, copyright, internet architecture, internet filters, values, privacy, spam, invisible regulation, regulation, cyberspace, liberty, encryption, zoning, anonymity, black holes, free speech, self-regulation, freedom, core values",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "137–150",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "This essay is a critique of Larry\nLessig's book, Code and other Laws of\nCyberspace (Basic Books, 1999). It\nsummarizes Lessig's theory of the four\nmodalities of regulation in cyberspace: code,\nlaw, markets, and norms. It applies this\ntheory to the topics of privacy and speech,\nillustrating how code can undermine basic\nrights or liberties. The review raises\nquestions about the role of ethics in this\nmodel, and it argues that ethical principles\nmust be given a privileged position in any\ntheory that purports to deal with the shaping\nof behavior in cyberspace. Finally, it\nproposes a philosophy of ethical\nself-regulation instead of an over-reliance on\ngovernment policy to deal with certain\nimproprieties and negative externalities that\ntend to disrupt the Net.",
      "doi": "10.1023/A:1011854211207",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011854211207",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "3",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "2001",
      "year": "2001",
      "title": "Code and Moral Values in Cyberspace",
      "author": "Spinello, Richard A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1023/A:1011854211207",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3452446.3452581": {
      "series": "IPEC2021",
      "location": "Dalian, China",
      "keywords": "Moral Education for College Students, Standard Moral Value, Moral Values Education",
      "numpages": "3",
      "pages": "554–556",
      "booktitle": "2021 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers",
      "doi": "10.1145/3452446.3452581",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3452446.3452581",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450389815",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Moral Values Education is the Core of Moral Education in Colleges and Universities",
      "author": "Mao, Ye",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3452446.3452581",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1023/A:1011802227136": {
      "keywords": "European Union Data Protection Directive, informational privacy, US Constitution, technology, moral value of privacy, online privacy, autonomy, cyberspace, privacy rights",
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "129–135",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Solutions to the problem of\nprotecting informational privacy in cyberspace\ntend to fall into one of three categories:\ntechnological solutions, self-regulatory\nsolutions, and legislative solutions. In this\npaper, I suggest that the legal protection of\nthe right to online privacy within the US\nshould be strengthened. Traditionally, in\nidentifying where support can be found in the\nUS Constitution for a right to informational\nprivacy, the point of focus has been on the\nFourth Amendment; protection in this context\nfinds its moral basis in personal liberty,\npersonal dignity, self-esteem, and other\nvalues. On the other hand, the constitutional\nright to privacy first established by Griswold\nv. Connecticut finds its moral basis largely\nin a single value, the value of autonomy of\ndecision-making. I propose that an expanded\nconstitutional right to informational privacy,\nresponsive to the escalating threats posed to\nonline privacy by developments in informational\ntechnology, would be more likely to find a\nsolid moral basis in the value of autonomy\nassociated with the constitutional right to\nprivacy found in Griswold than in the variety\nof values forming the moral basis for the right\nto privacy backed by the Fourth Amendment.",
      "doi": "10.1023/A:1011802227136",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011802227136",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "3",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "2001",
      "year": "2001",
      "title": "The Moral Value of Informational Privacy in Cyberspace",
      "author": "Michelfelder, Diane P.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1023/A:1011802227136",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-40878-6_6": {
      "location": "London, United Kingdom",
      "keywords": "Moral Values Classification, Local Post-hoc Explanations, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing",
      "numpages": "19",
      "pages": "97–115",
      "booktitle": "Explainable and Transparent AI and Multi-Agent Systems: 5th International Workshop, EXTRAAMAS 2023, London, UK, May 29, 2023, Revised Selected Papers",
      "abstract": "Although popular and effective, large language models (LLM) are characterised by a performance vs. transparency trade-off that hinders their applicability to sensitive scenarios. This is the main reason behind many approaches focusing on local post-hoc explanations recently proposed by the XAI community. However, to the best of our knowledge, a thorough comparison among available explainability techniques is currently missing, mainly for the lack of a general metric to measure their benefits. We compare state-of-the-art local post-hoc explanation mechanisms for models trained over moral value classification tasks based on a measure of correlation. By relying on a novel framework for comparing global impact scores, our experiments show how most local post-hoc explainers are loosely correlated, and highlight huge discrepancies in their results—their “quarrel” about explanations. Finally, we compare the impact scores distribution obtained from each local post-hoc explainer with human-made dictionaries, and point out that there is no correlation between explanation outputs and the concepts humans consider as salient.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-40878-6_6",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40878-6_6",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-40877-9",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "The Quarrel of Local Post-Hoc Explainers for Moral Values Classification in Natural Language Processing",
      "author": "Agiollo, Andrea and Cavalcante Siebert, Luciano and Murukannaiah, Pradeep Kumar and Omicini, Andrea",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-40878-6_6",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-62056-1_15": {
      "location": "Golden, CO, USA",
      "keywords": "Ethics, Morality, Human-Robot Interaction",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "170–181",
      "booktitle": "Social Robotics: 12th International Conference, ICSR 2020, Golden, CO, USA, November 14–18, 2020, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "Even with the increasing frequency of robot experiences in our daily lives, relatively little research has been done to explore the moral implications of these human-robot interactions (HRI). Of the existing moral HRI research, much of it assumes a moral dimension without clearly defining what moral framework is being applied. To research such a framework, it is crucial to evaluate current research for a communicable moral framework, that is also in dialogue with key moral frameworks in social science spaces. This work uses a narrative literature review to analyze moral HRI research through the lens of the Moral Foundations Theory. The analysis will situate moral HRI work in the seminal moral theory within social science spaces and show where current gaps in HRI research might exist. Evaluating research through the lens of the moral foundations theory framework will strengthen the existence of a ‘Moral HRI’ field that is related but distinct from general HRI.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-62056-1_15",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62056-1_15",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-62055-4",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Robots Are Moral Actors: Unpacking Current Moral HRI Research Through a Moral Foundations Lens",
      "author": "Doyle-Burke, Dylan and Haring, Kerstin S.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-62056-1_15",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-022-09635-0": {
      "keywords": "Ethics, Multi-objective reinforcement learning, Reinforcement learning, Value alignment",
      "numpages": "17",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "AI research is being challenged with ensuring that autonomous agents learn to behave ethically, namely in alignment with moral values. Here, we propose a novel way of tackling the value alignment problem as a two-step process. The first step consists on formalising moral values and value aligned behaviour based on philosophical foundations. Our formalisation is compatible with the framework of (Multi-Objective) Reinforcement Learning, to ease the handling of an agent’s individual and ethical objectives. The second step consists in designing an environment wherein an agent learns to behave ethically while pursuing its individual objective. We leverage on our theoretical results to introduce an algorithm that automates our two-step approach. In the cases where value-aligned behaviour is possible, our algorithm produces a learning environment for the agent wherein it will learn a value-aligned behaviour.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-022-09635-0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-022-09635-0",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "24",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Mar 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Instilling Moral Value Alignment by Means of Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning",
      "author": "Rodriguez-Soto, Manel and Serramia, Marc and Lopez-Sanchez, Maite and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Juan Antonio",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-022-09635-0",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-642-01991-3_13": {
      "numpages": "16",
      "pages": "167–182",
      "booktitle": "Multi-Agent-Based Simulation IX: International Workshop, MAPS 2008, Estoril, Portugal, May 12-13, 2008, Revised Selected Papers",
      "abstract": "The \"Keep It Simple, Stupid\" principle is a recommended rule for modelling complex phenomena. However, there must be a compromise between simplification and expressiveness, determined by the results produced by the model. Here we propose to gradually increase the complexity of a model, so we can improve its behaviour. This incremental \"deepening\" process is an attempt to approach the real phenomena, so resulting in a better model, provided that an accurate analysis reveals the right steps. As application we propose an agent-based data-driven model of the evolution of moral values in the Spanish post-modern society. We focus on improving the demographic mechanisms so that the system output follows the evolution of Spanish population. In order to do that, we raise the amount of quantitative input information of the system, improve its statistical distributions, and change the time of evolution, together with other commented changes.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01991-3_13",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "9783642019906",
      "year": "2009",
      "title": "Deepening the Demographic Mechanisms in a Data-Driven Social Simulation of Moral Values Evolution",
      "author": "Hassan, Samer and Antunes, Luis and Arroyo, Mill\\'{a}n",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inbook",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-642-01991-3_13",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3465631.3465849": {
      "series": "ICIMTECH 21",
      "location": "Jakarta, Indonesia",
      "numpages": "4",
      "articleno": "178",
      "booktitle": "Retracted on September 15, 2021The Sixth International Conference on Information Management and Technology",
      "abstract": "NOTICE OF RETRACTION: While investigating potential publication-related misconduct in connection with the ICIMTech 2021 Conference Proceedings, serious concerns were raised that cast doubt on the integrity of the peer-review process and all papers published in the Proceedings of this Conference. The integrity of the entire Conference has been called into question. As a result, of its investigation, ACM has decided to retract the Entire Conference Proceedings and all related papers from the ACM Digital Library.None of the papers from this Proceeding should be cited in the literature because of the questionable integrity of the peer review process for this Conference.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3465631.3465849",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3465631.3465849",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450385015",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "New Moral Value Guidance Model for University Students under the Network Environment",
      "author": "Diao, Jie",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3465631.3465849",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.chb.2022.107479": {
      "keywords": "Vaccine, eMFD, Moral foundation, Facebook, Vaccination, COVID-19",
      "numpages": "12",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Comput. Hum. Behav.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2022.107479",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107479",
      "issn": "0747-5632",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "138",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Jan 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Moral Expressions, Sources, and Frames: Examining COVID-19 Vaccination Posts by Facebook Public Pages",
      "author": "Zhang, Weiyu and Wang, Rong and Liu, Haodong",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.chb.2022.107479",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-43129-6_14": {
      "location": "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
      "keywords": "Simulation, Moral Foundations Theory, Agent-Based Modeling, Polarization",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "139–148",
      "booktitle": "Social, Cultural, and Behavioral Modeling: 16th International Conference, SBP-BRiMS 2023, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, September 20–22, 2023, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "Rising US polarization in recent years has negatively impacted many friend and family relationships. To determine the best moral strategies for facilitating cross-party communication, we create an agent-based simulation underpinned by Moral Foundations Theory to model small-group moral conversations where the majority of agents align with either liberal or conservative views. We find, contrary to what moral re-framing research has assumed, that loyalty may be the best moral foundation for facilitating cross-party communication. More research is needed to understand the depolarizing effects of moral arguments in group settings.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-43129-6_14",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43129-6_14",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-43128-9",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Agent-Based Moral Interaction Simulations in Imbalanced Polarized Settings",
      "author": "Williams, Evan M. and Carley, Kathleen M.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-43129-6_14",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-642-34851-8_15": {
      "series": "ICIDS'12",
      "location": "San Sebasti\\'{a}n, Spain",
      "keywords": "emotions, moral values, virtual characters",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "150–161",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Interactive Storytelling",
      "abstract": "In the narrative realm, emotions in general, and moral emotions in particular, play an important role in conveying moral values to the audience. A paradigmatic case is given by the occurrence of moral dilemmas in stories, where the character must trade off options that cannot be reconciled, each related with a certain moral value. In this paper, we propose a model of the appraisal of moral emotions, and describe an agent architecture that reacts to the occurrence of a moral dilemma with the appropriate emotions.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-34851-8_15",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34851-8_15",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "9783642348501",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "Emotional Appraisal of Moral Dilemma in Characters",
      "author": "Battaglino, Cristina and Damiano, Rossana",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-642-34851-8_15",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-004-3804-4": {
      "keywords": "moral standing, intrinsic value, foundations of information information objects, ethics",
      "numpages": "15",
      "pages": "145–159",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Luciano Floridi argues that every existing entity is deserving of at least minimal moral respect in virtue of having intrinsic value qua \"information object.\" In this essay, I attempt a comprehensive assessment of this important view as well as the arguments Floridi offers in support of it. I conclude both that the arguments are insufficient and that the thesis itself is substantively implausible from the standpoint of ordinary intuitions.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-004-3804-4",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-004-3804-4",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "6",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "September 2004",
      "year": "2004",
      "title": "There's Something about Mary: The Moral Value of Things qua Information Objects",
      "author": "Himma, Kenneth Einar",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-004-3804-4",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3543507.3583865": {
      "series": "WWW '23",
      "location": "Austin, TX, USA",
      "keywords": "vaccine hesitancy, natural language processing, social media, moral foundations theory, deep learning",
      "numpages": "8",
      "pages": "4134–4141",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023",
      "abstract": "Vaccine hesitancy is a complex issue with psychological, cultural, and even societal factors entangled in the decision-making process. The narrative around this process is captured in our everyday interactions; social media data offer a direct and spontaneous view of peoples’ argumentation. Here, we analysed more than 500,000 public posts and comments from Facebook Pages dedicated to the topic of vaccination to study the role of moral values and, in particular, the understudied role of the Liberty moral foundation from the actual user-generated text. We operationalise morality by employing the Moral Foundations Theory, while our proposed framework is based on recurrent neural network classifiers with a short memory and entity linking information. Our findings show that the principal moral narratives around the vaccination debate focus on the values of Liberty, Care, and Authority. Vaccine advocates urge compliance with the authorities as prosocial behaviour to protect society. On the other hand, vaccine sceptics mainly build their narrative around the value of Liberty, advocating for the right to choose freely whether to adhere or not to the vaccination. We contribute to the automatic understanding of vaccine hesitancy drivers emerging from user-generated text, providing concrete insights into the moral framing around vaccination decision-making. Especially in emergencies such as the Covid-19 pandemic, contrary to traditional surveys, these insights can be provided contemporary to the event, helping policymakers craft communication campaigns that adequately address the concerns of the hesitant population.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3543507.3583865",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3543507.3583865",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450394161",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Moral Narratives Around the Vaccination Debate on Facebook",
      "author": "Beir\\'{o}, Mariano Gast\\'{o}n and D'Ignazi, Jacopo and Perez Bustos, Victoria and Prado, Mar\\'{\\i}a Florencia and Kalimeri, Kyriaki",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3543507.3583865",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2484920.2485040": {
      "series": "AAMAS '13",
      "location": "St. Paul, MN, USA",
      "keywords": "emotions, empathic agents, moral values",
      "numpages": "8",
      "pages": "769–776",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems",
      "abstract": "This paper presents a model of agent's behavior that takes into account emotions and moral values. In our proposal, when the description of the current situation reveals that a moral value is 'at stake', the moral goal of re-establishing the threatened value is included among the active goals. The compliance with values generates positive emotions like pride and admiration, while the opposite brings to shame and self-reproach.During the deliberation phase, the agent appraises her plans in terms of the emotional reward they are expected to yield, given the trade off between moral and individual goals. In this phase, the emotional reward affects the agent's choices about her behavior. After the execution phase, one's and others' actions are appraised again in terms of the agent's values, giving rise to moral emotions.The paper shows how emotional appraisal can be coupled with the choice among possible lines of action, presenting a mapping between plans and emotions that integrates and extends preceding proposals.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9781450319935",
      "year": "2013",
      "title": "Emotional Range in Value-Sensitive Deliberation",
      "author": "Battaglino, Cristina and Damiano, Rossana and Lesmo, Leonardo",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/2484920.2485040",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/935292": {
      "note": "AAI0803399",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
      "year": "2001",
      "title": "Identity Construction Environments: The Design of Computational Tools for Exploring a Sense of Self and Moral Values",
      "author": "Bers, Marina Umaschi and Papert, Seymour",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/935292",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3544548.3580834": {
      "series": "CHI '23",
      "location": "<conf-loc>, <city>Hamburg</city>, <country>Germany</country>, </conf-loc>",
      "keywords": "BERT, stigma, twitter, moral foundation theory, mental health discourse, news media",
      "numpages": "19",
      "articleno": "484",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems",
      "abstract": "Mental health discussions on public forums influence the perceptions of people. Negative consequences may result from hostile and “othering” portrayals of people with mental disorders. Adopting the lens of Moral Foundation Theory (MFT), we study framings of mental health discourse on Twitter and News, and how moral underpinnings abate or exacerbate stigma. We adopted a large language model based representation framework to score 13,277,115 public tweets and 21,167 news articles against MFT’s five foundations. We found discussions on Twitter to demonstrate compassion, justice and equity-centered moral values for those suffering from mental illness, in contrast to those on News. That said, stigmatized discussions appeared on both Twitter and News, with news articles being more stigmatizing than tweets. We discuss implications for public health authorities to refine measures for safe reporting of mental health, and for social media platforms to design affordances that enable empathetic discourse.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3544548.3580834",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580834",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450394215",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Moral Framing of Mental Health Discourse and Its Relationship to Stigma: A Comparison of Social Media and News",
      "author": "Mittal, Shravika and De Choudhury, Munmun",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3544548.3580834",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.17487/RFC4041": {
      "abstract": "It has often been the case that morality has not been given proper consideration in the design and specification of protocols produced within the Routing Area. This has led to a decline in the moral values within the Internet and attempts to retrofit a suitable moral code to implemented and deployed protocols has been shown to be sub-optimal. This document specifies a requirement for all new Routing Area Internet-Drafts to include a \"Morality Considerations\" section, and gives guidance on what that section should contain. This memo provides information for the Internet community.",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "RFC Editor",
      "year": "2005",
      "title": "RFC 4041: Requirements for Morality Sections in Routing Area Drafts",
      "author": "Farrel, A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.17487/RFC4041",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-49570-1_23": {
      "location": "Copenhagen, Denmark",
      "keywords": "Moral foundation theory, Social media, Unethical behavior, Moral disengagement, Moral foundations, Moral receptors",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "335–348",
      "booktitle": "Social Computing and Social Media. Design, Ethics, User Behavior, and Social Network Analysis: 12th International Conference, SCSM 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 19–24, 2020, Proceedings, Part I",
      "abstract": "Within the last years, the perception of social media has dramatically changed in public opinion as the dark side of social media has become more and more visible. Previous research has tried to explain unethical behavior on social media with intrinsic and extrinsic motives. The main goal of this study is to develop and provide a conceptual model that links moral receptors with moral disengagement in the context of unethical behavior on social media. For that reason, a set of propositions are developed linking the moral receptors “harm/care,” “fairness/reciprocity,” “in-group/loyalty,” “authority/respect,” and “purity/sanctity” with moral disengagement in order to explain immoral conduct on social media.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-49570-1_23",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49570-1_23",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-49569-5",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "The Role of Moral Receptors and Moral Disengagement in the Conduct of Unethical Behaviors on Social Media",
      "author": "Scheiner, Christian W.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-49570-1_23",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-05061-9_32": {
      "keywords": "Moral foundations, Whistleblower, Moral receptors, Moral foundation theory, Moral disengagement, Unethical behavior, Social media",
      "numpages": "19",
      "pages": "449–467",
      "booktitle": "Social Computing and Social Media: Design, User Experience and Impact: 14th International Conference, SCSM 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Virtual Event, June 26 – July 1, 2022, Proceedings, Part I",
      "abstract": "Within the last years, whistleblowing has received considerable attention, as calls for ethical behavior in the workplace have grown louder and more forceful. Despite this fact, research has shown that individuals who blow the whistle are often frowned upon and treated poorly. In this context, while social media allows for offering support to the whistleblower, people may also hide behind online anonymity and engage in unethical behavior towards the whistleblower. Previous research already tried to explain unethical behavior on social media by linking moral receptors with moral disengagement in the context of unethical behavior. We built upon this approach in developing a set of propositions linking the moral receptors “harm/care”, “fairness/reciprocity”, “in-group/loyalty”, “authority/respect”, and “purity/sanctity” with moral disengagement in order to explain unethical behavior against whistleblowers on social media. Furthermore, we discuss some contextual boundary conditions that may aggravate the negative behavior towards whistleblowers.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-05061-9_32",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05061-9_32",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-05060-2",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "The Role of Moral Receptors and Moral Disengagement in the Conduct of Unethical Behaviors Against Whistleblowers on Social Media",
      "author": "Becker, Stefan and Scheiner, Christian W.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-05061-9_32",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3491102.3502019": {
      "series": "CHI '22",
      "location": "<conf-loc>, <city>New Orleans</city>, <state>LA</state>, <country>USA</country>, </conf-loc>",
      "keywords": "games, interactive narrative, moral foundations theory, interactive story, morality, thematic analysis, moral foundations questionnaire, decision-making, choice",
      "numpages": "15",
      "articleno": "469",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems",
      "abstract": "In interactive story games, players make decisions that advance and modify the unfolding story. In many cases, these decisions have a moral component. Examining decision-making in these games illuminates whether players mobilize their real-life morality to make in-game decisions and what impact this has in both the game world and real life. Using mixed-methods consisting of semi-structured interviews and the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ30), we collected data from 19 participants who played the game Detroit: Become Human. We analyzed how participants applied their real-life morals toward in-game decisions using thematic analysis and statistical analysis of the MFQ30 results. Qualitative findings indicate that participants mobilize their moral intuitions to make in-game decisions and how much participants cared about their game characters influenced their choices. We contribute a better understanding of how players react to moral dilemmas in interactive story games for game designers to help them improve player experience.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3491102.3502019",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502019",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450391573",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "“I Don’t Want To Shoot The Android”: Players Translate Real-Life Moral Intuitions to In-Game Decisions in Detroit: Become Human",
      "author": "Arrambide, Karina and Yoon, John and MacArthur, Cayley and Rogers, Katja and Luz, Alessandra and Nacke, Lennart E.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3491102.3502019",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_28": {
      "location": "Pisa, Italy",
      "keywords": "Personality traits, Unemployment, Human values, Inequalities, Topic modeling, Social media, Facebook, NLP, Moral foundations",
      "numpages": "17",
      "pages": "380–396",
      "booktitle": "Social Informatics: 12th International Conference, SocInfo 2020, Pisa, Italy, October 6–9, 2020, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "Youth unemployment rates are still in alerting levels for many countries, among which Italy. Direct consequences include poverty, social exclusion, and criminal behaviours, while negative impact on the future employability and wage cannot be obscured. In this study, we employ survey data together with social media data, and in particular likes on Facebook Pages, to analyse personality, moral values, but also cultural elements of the young unemployed population in Italy. Our findings show that there are small but significant differences in personality and moral values, with the unemployed males to be less agreeable while females more open to new experiences. At the same time, unemployed have a more collectivist point of view, valuing more in-group loyalty, authority, and purity foundations. Interestingly, topic modelling analysis did not reveal major differences in interests and cultural elements of the unemployed. Utilisation patterns emerged though; the employed seem to use Facebook to connect with local activities, while the unemployed use it mostly as for entertainment purposes and as a source of news, making them susceptible to mis/disinformation. We believe these findings can help policymakers get a deeper understanding of this population and initiatives that improve both the hard and the soft skills of this fragile population.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_28",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_28",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-60974-0",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Young Adult Unemployment Through the Lens of Social Media: Italy as a Case Study",
      "author": "Urbinati, Alessandra and Kalimeri, Kyriaki and Bonanomi, Andrea and Rosina, Alessandro and Cattuto, Ciro and Paolotti, Daniela",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_28",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-022-09662-x": {
      "keywords": "Privacy, Health services, Moral values, Data-driven services, Value sensitive design",
      "numpages": "12",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "In projects concerning big data, ethical questions need to be answered during the design process. In this paper the Value Sensitive Design method is applied in the context of data-driven health services aimed at disease prevention. It shows how Value Sensitive Design, with the use of a moral dialogue and an ethical matrix, can support the identification and operationalization of moral values that are at stake in the design of such services. It also shows that using this method can support meeting the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-022-09662-x",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-022-09662-x",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "24",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Sep 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "The Value Sensitive Design of a Preventive Health Check App",
      "author": "Strikwerda, Litska and van Steenbergen, Marlies and van Gorp, Anke and Timmers, Cathelijn and van Grondelle, Jeroen",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-022-09662-x",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_16": {
      "location": "Pisa, Italy",
      "keywords": "Moral foundation theory, News, Framing, Bias",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "206–219",
      "booktitle": "Social Informatics: 12th International Conference, SocInfo 2020, Pisa, Italy, October 6–9, 2020, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "News outlets are a primary source for many people to learn what is going on in the world. However, outlets with different political slants, when talking about the same news story, usually emphasize various aspects and choose their language framing differently. This framing implicitly shows their biases and also affects the reader’s opinion and understanding. Therefore, understanding the framing in the news stories is fundamental for realizing what kind of view the writer is conveying with each news story. In this paper, we describe methods for characterizing moral frames in the news. We capture the frames based on the Moral Foundation Theory. This theory is a psychological concept which explains how every kind of morality and opinion can be summarized and presented with five main dimensions. We propose an unsupervised method that extracts the framing Bias and the framing Intensity without any external framing annotations provided. We validate the performance on an annotated twitter dataset and then use it to quantify the framing bias and partisanship of news.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_16",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_16",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-60974-0",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Moral Framing and Ideological Bias of News",
      "author": "Mokhberian, Negar and Abeliuk, Andr\\'{e}s and Cummings, Patrick and Lerman, Kristina",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_16",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2484920.2485256": {
      "series": "AAMAS '13",
      "location": "St. Paul, MN, USA",
      "keywords": "moral emotions, intelligent emphatic agent, moral values",
      "numpages": "2",
      "pages": "1421–1422",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems",
      "abstract": "As argued by [9], moral decision making entails considering alternatives and assessing the pros and cons of their possible consequences for self and others. From the area of affective neuroscience the concept of moral emotions has been introduced [9] and neurobiological findings [7] show that moral emotions are used to judge the adequacy of actions and are central to moral behavior, decision making and learning. My aim is to build a computational model for moral emotions in order to enable intelligent agents [2] to understand moral consequences of actions through moral emotions. The agent is able to compare alternative scenarios and to decide what course of actions and goals to pursue in order to show a morally driven behavior. Moral emotions are useful when the agent is engaged in a social interaction with a user or other agents, because (i) moral emotions may lead the agent towards the compliance with (shared) moral values (ii) the agent is equipped with moral emotions which make her potentially emphatic to others.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9781450319935",
      "year": "2013",
      "title": "Agents with a Moral Dimension",
      "author": "Battaglino, Cristina",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/2484920.2485256",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3442442.3452351": {
      "series": "WWW '21",
      "location": "Ljubljana, Slovenia",
      "keywords": "word embeddings, moral foundations theory, natural language processing, Wikipedia",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "623–626",
      "booktitle": "Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021",
      "abstract": "Quantifying the moral narratives expressed in the user-generated text, news, or public discourses is fundamental for understanding individuals’ concerns and viewpoints and preventing violent protests and social polarisation. The Moral Foundation Theory (MFT) was developed precisely to operationalise morality in a five-dimensional scale system. Recent developments of the theory urged for the introduction of a new foundation, liberty. Being only recently added to the theory, there are no available linguistic resources to assess liberty from text corpora. Given its importance to current social issues such as the vaccination debate, we propose a data-driven approach to derive a liberty lexicon based on aligned documents from online encyclopedias with different worldviews. Despite the preliminary nature of our study, we show proof of the concept that large encyclopedia corpora can point out differences in the way people with contrasting viewpoints express themselves. Such differences can be used to derive a novel lexicon, identifying linguistic markers of the liberty foundation.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3442442.3452351",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452351",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450383134",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "The Language of Liberty: A Preliminary Study",
      "author": "Araque, Oscar and Gatti, Lorenzo and Kalimeri, Kyriaki",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3442442.3452351",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-34560-9_1": {
      "location": "Zaragoza, Spain",
      "keywords": "Emotion detection, Virtual reality, Moral value detection, Text similarity",
      "numpages": "13",
      "pages": "3–15",
      "booktitle": "Advanced Information Systems Engineering: 35th International Conference, CAiSE 2023, Zaragoza, Spain, June 12–16, 2023, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "Virtual reality enables the creation of personalized user experience that brings together people of different cultures and ethnicity. We consider a novel concept of virtual reality innovation in museums, which is cognitively grounded and supported by data and their semantics, to enable users sharing their experiences, as well as to take the perspective of other users, with the ultimate goal of increasing social cohesion. The implementation of this scenario requires an autonomous artificial system that detects emotions and values from a dialogue involving museum visitors who express their personal point of view, listen to those from other visitors, and possibly take the perspective of others.An important feature of this system is the ability of detecting similarity and dissimilarity between user perspectives expressed in speech, when exposed to artworks. This ability helps defining an effective strategy for sharing diverse user perspectives for increasing social cohesion. Moreover, it enables an unbiased quantification of the success of the interaction in terms of change in the user perspective. Based on results from previous work, we employ the Ekman’s emotion model and Haidt’s moral value model to extract emotional and moral value profiles from user descriptions of artworks. We propose a novel method for measuring the similarity between user perspectives by comparing emotional and moral value profiles. Our results show that the employment of unsupervised text classification models is a promising research direction for this task.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-34560-9_1",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34560-9_1",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-34559-3",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Comparing User Perspectives in a Virtual Reality Cultural Heritage Environment",
      "author": "Bulla, Luana and De Giorgis, Stefano and Gangemi, Aldo and Lucifora, Chiara and Mongiov\\`{\\i}, Misael",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-34560-9_1",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3308560.3316489": {
      "series": "WWW '19",
      "location": "San Francisco, USA",
      "keywords": "facebook, network embeddings, social media, personality traits, vaccine hesitancy, political views, moral foundations, communication campaigns",
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "248–254",
      "booktitle": "Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference",
      "abstract": "Psychological, political, cultural, and even societal factors are entangled in the reasoning and decision-making process towards vaccination, rendering vaccine hesitancy a complex issue. Here, administering a series of surveys via a Facebook-hosted application, we study the worldviews of people that “Liked” supportive or vaccine resilient Facebook Pages. In particular, we assess differences in political viewpoints, moral values, personality traits, and general interests, finding that those sceptical about vaccination, appear to trust less the government, are less agreeable, while they are emphasising more on anti-authoritarian values. Exploring the differences in moral narratives as expressed in the linguistic descriptions of the Facebook Pages, we see that pages that defend vaccines prioritise the value of the family while the vaccine hesitancy pages are focusing on the value of freedom. Finally, creating embeddings based on the health-related likes on Facebook Pages, we explore common, latent interests of vaccine-hesitant people, showing a strong preference for natural cures. This exploratory analysis aims at exploring the potentials of a social media platform to act as a sensing tool, providing researchers and policymakers with insights drawn from the digital traces, that can help design communication campaigns that build confidence, based on the values that also appeal to the socio-moral criteria of people.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3308560.3316489",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316489",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450366755",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Human Values and Attitudes towards Vaccination in Social Media",
      "author": "Kalimeri, Kyriaki and G. Beir\\'{o}, Mariano and Urbinati, Alessandra and Bonanomi, Andrea and Rosina, Alessandro and Cattuto, Ciro",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3308560.3316489",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3511047.3537662": {
      "series": "UMAP '22 Adjunct",
      "location": "Barcelona, Spain",
      "keywords": "Description Logics, Value recommendations, Explainable AI, Moral Foundations Theory, Commonsense Reasoning",
      "numpages": "6",
      "pages": "391–396",
      "booktitle": "Adjunct Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization",
      "abstract": "This document describes the rationale, the implementation and a preliminary evaluation of a semantic reasoning tool developed in the EU H2020 SPICE project to enhance the diversity of perspectives experienced by museum visitors. The tool, called DEGARI 2.0 for values, relies on the commonsense reasoning framework , and exploits an ontological model formalizing the Haidt’s theory of moral values to associate museum items with combined values and emotions. Within a museum exhibition, this tool can suggest cultural items that are associated not only with the values of already experienced or preferred objects, but also with novel items with different value stances, opening the visit experience to more inclusive interpretations of cultural content. The system has been preliminarily tested, in the context of the SPICE project, on the collection of the Hecht Museum of Haifa.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3511047.3537662",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3511047.3537662",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450392327",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Exploring Values in Museum Artifacts in the SPICE Project: A Preliminary Study",
      "author": "Damiano, Rossana and Kuflik, Tsvi and Wecker, Alan J. and Striani, Manuel and Lieto, Antonio and Bruni, Luis and Kadastik, Nele and Pedersen, Thomas A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3511047.3537662",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-35382-6_14": {
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "183–194",
      "booktitle": "Music in the AI Era: 15th International Symposium, CMMR 2021, Virtual Event, November 15–19, 2021, Revised Selected Papers",
      "abstract": "Music has always been an integral part of our everyday lives through which we express feelings, emotions, and concepts. Here, we explore the association between music genres, demographics and moral values employing data from an ad-hoc online survey and the Music Learning Histories Dataset. To further characterise the music preferences of the participants the generalist/specialist (GS) score employed. We exploit both classification and regression approaches to assess the predictive power of music preferences for the prediction of demographic attributes as well as the moral values of the participants. Our findings point out that moral values are hard to predict (.62 AUROCavg) solely by the music listening behaviours, while if basic sociodemographic information is provided the prediction score rises to 4% on average (.66 AUROCavg), with the Purity foundation to be the one that is steadily the one with the highest accuracy scores. Similar results are obtained from the regression analysis. Finally, we provide with insights on the most predictive music behaviours associated with each moral value that can inform a wide range of applications from rehabilitation practices to communication campaign design.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-35382-6_14",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35382-6_14",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-35381-9",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Modelling Moral Traits with Music Listening Preferences and Demographics",
      "author": "Preniqi, Vjosa and Kalimeri, Kyriaki and Saitis, Charalampos",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-35382-6_14",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.ipm.2019.02.007": {
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "1880–1893",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Inf. Process. Manage.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.ipm.2019.02.007",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2019.02.007",
      "issn": "0306-4573",
      "number": "5",
      "volume": "56",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Pergamon Press, Inc.",
      "issue_date": "Sep 2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Implicit Dimension Identification in User-Generated Text with LSTM Networks",
      "author": "Makarenkov, Victor and Guy, Ido and Hazon, Niva and Meisels, Tamar and Shapira, Bracha and Rokach, Lior",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.ipm.2019.02.007",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s00182-016-0548-4": {
      "keywords": "Evolution, Moral values, Assortative matching",
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "583–589",
      "month": "may",
      "journal": "Int. J. Game Theory",
      "abstract": "Differing degrees of assortativity in matching can be expected to have both genetic and cultural determinants. When assortativity is subject to evolution, the main result of Alger and Weibull (Econometrica 81:2269–2302 2013) on the evolution of stable other-regarding preferences does not hold. Instead, both non-Nash and Pareto inefficient behavior are evolutionarily unstable.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s00182-016-0548-4",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00182-016-0548-4",
      "issn": "0020-7276",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "46",
      "address": "DEU",
      "publisher": "Physica-Verlag GmbH",
      "issue_date": "May 2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "The Preferences of Homo Moralis Are Unstable under Evolving Assortativity",
      "author": "Newton, Jonathan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s00182-016-0548-4",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/857097.857115": {
      "series": "CRPIT '03",
      "location": "Melbourne, Australia",
      "keywords": "moral values, ethics, information technology",
      "numpages": "3",
      "pages": "61–63",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 3.1 and 3.3 Working Groups Conference on International Federation for Information Processing: ICT and the Teacher of the Future - Volume 23",
      "address": "AUS",
      "publisher": "Australian Computer Society, Inc.",
      "isbn": "1920682023",
      "year": "2003",
      "title": "Four Platforms: Moral Perspectives on Information Technology",
      "author": "Holkner, Bernard",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/857097.857115",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3492861": {
      "keywords": "online news, discussion, social annotation, moral framing",
      "numpages": "23",
      "articleno": "42",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.",
      "abstract": "Society is showing signs of strong ideological polarization. When pushed to seek perspectives different from their own, people often reject diverse ideas or find them unfathomable. Work has shown that framing controversial issues using the values of the audience can improve understanding of opposing views. In this paper, we present our work designing systems for addressing ideological division through educating U.S. news consumers to engage using a framework of fundamental human values known as Moral Foundations. We design and implement a series of new features that encourage users to challenge their understanding of opposing views, including annotation of moral frames in news articles, discussion of those frames via inline comments, and recommendations based on relevant moral frames. We describe two versions of features---the first covering a suite of ways to interact with moral framing in news, and the second tailored towards collaborative annotation and discussion. We conduct a field evaluation of each design iteration with 71 participants in total over a period of 6-8 days, finding evidence suggesting users learned to re-frame their discourse in moral values of the opposing side. Our work provides several design considerations for building systems to engage with moral framing.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3492861",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3492861",
      "number": "GROUP",
      "volume": "6",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "issue_date": "January 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Designing for Engaging with News Using Moral Framing towards Bridging Ideological Divides",
      "author": "Wang, Jessica Z. and Zhang, Amy X. and Karger, David R.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1145/3492861",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28125379": {
      "note": "AAI28125379",
      "abstract": "This thesis makes use of insights from Dworkin's theory of law to analyse the European Court of Human Rights' case-law on specific moral issues. By analysing the relevant case-law on the subject of public morals, this thesis aims to identify interpretive patterns in the Court's reasoning in 'hard cases' (cases raising sensitive moral and ethical issues). Based on this analysis of the Court's case-law on moral issues, the thesis aims to discuss whether the Court is interested in the moral values underlying human rights to determine the content of the Convention rights. Importantly, such values depend on substantive moral arguments rather than member states' common interpretation of those values. On this view, the content of the Convention rights depends on principles of political morality. This means that the content of the Convention rights can be interpreted without reference to the will of political majorities across the Council of Europe. This thesis thus aims to show that Dworkin's legal interpretivism can help the European Court of Human Rights in providing substantive moral reasons concerning the purpose and moral value of the Convention rights. This thesis proposes that the European Court of Human Rights can benefit a better understanding of the moral values underlying the Convention rights. Therefore, this thesis aims to discuss how the Court could make use of insights from Dworkin's legal interpretivism to establish the objective content of the Convention rights.",
      "publisher": "University of Sheffield (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Rethinking Legal Limitations to Articles 8-11 of the European Convention on Human Rights Through Dworkin's Eyes",
      "author": "Demirhan, Eray Sinan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28125379",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3278721.3278792": {
      "series": "AIES '18",
      "location": "New Orleans, LA, USA",
      "keywords": "value alignment, moral values, ethics, norms, optimisation",
      "numpages": "2",
      "pages": "378–379",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society",
      "abstract": "Norms are an instrument to coordinate societies, but deciding which norms to enact is a difficult task. Not only norms might have incom- patibilities between themselves, such as norms contradicting other norms, but also the cost of implementation can be an important aspect to consider. Furthermore, due to the growing social inter- est in ethics and the ethical impact norms can have, this ethical implications should also be examined during the decision making process.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3278721.3278792",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278792",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450360128",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Ethics in Norm Decision Making",
      "author": "Serramia, Marc",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3278721.3278792",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10606-019-09357-w": {
      "keywords": "polarization, morality, text analysis, Twitter, immigration, value sensitive design",
      "numpages": "39",
      "pages": "317–355",
      "month": "jun",
      "journal": "Comput. Supported Coop. Work",
      "abstract": "Understanding ideological conflict has been a topic of interest in CSCW, for example in Value Sensitive Design research. More specifically, understanding ideological conflict is important for studying social media platforms like Twitter, which provide the ability for people to freely express their thoughts and opinions on contentious political events. In this work, we examine Twitter data to understand the moral, affective, and cognitive differences in language use between two opposing sides of the political debate over immigration related issues in the United States in the year since the 2016 presidential election. In total, we analyzed and compared the language of 45,045 pro-immigration tweets and 11,213 anti-immigration tweets spread across this period. Based on Moral Foundations Theory used to understand ideological conflict, we found pro-immigration tweets to contain more language associated with moral foundations of harm, fairness, and loyalty. Anti-immigration tweets contained more language associated with moral foundations of authority, more words associated with cognitive rigidity and more 3rd person pronouns and negative emotion. We discuss the implications of our research for political communication over social media, and for incorporating Moral Foundations Theory into other CSCW research. We discuss the potential application of this theory for Value Sensitive Design research.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10606-019-09357-w",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-019-09357-w",
      "issn": "0925-9724",
      "number": "3–4",
      "volume": "28",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Jun 2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Moral and Affective Differences in U.S. Immigration Policy Debate on Twitter",
      "author": "Grover, Ted and Bayraktaroglu, Elvan and Mark, Gloria and Rho, Eugenia Ha Rim",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10606-019-09357-w",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3320435.3320451": {
      "series": "UMAP '19",
      "location": "Larnaca, Cyprus",
      "keywords": "moral values, health, exercise, technology use, mobile",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "36–45",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization",
      "abstract": "Technology has recently been recruited in the war against the ongoing obesity crisis; however, the adoption of Health &amp; Fitness applications for regular exercise is a struggle. In this study, we present a unique demographically representative dataset of 15k US residents that combines technology use logs with surveys on moral views, human values, and emotional contagion. Combining these data, we provide a holistic view of individuals to model their physical exercise behavior. First, we show which values determine the adoption of Health &amp; Fitness mobile applications, finding that users who prioritize the value of purity and de-emphasize values of conformity, hedonism, and security are more likely to use such apps. Further, we achieve a weighted AUROC of .673 in predicting whether individual exercises, and we also show that the application usage data allows for substantially better classification performance (.608) compared to using basic demographics (.513) or internet browsing data (.546). We also find a strong link of exercise to respondent socioeconomic status, as well as the value of happiness. Using these insights, we propose actionable design guidelines for persuasive technologies targeting health behavior modification.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3320435.3320451",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3320435.3320451",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450360210",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Effect of Values and Technology Use on Exercise: Implications for Personalized Behavior Change Interventions",
      "author": "Mejova, Yelena and Kalimeri, Kyriaki",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3320435.3320451",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-13643-6_12": {
      "location": "Bologna, Italy",
      "keywords": "Moral Foundation Theory, Twitter, Hate Speech",
      "numpages": "13",
      "pages": "149–161",
      "booktitle": "Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction: 13th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2022, Bologna, Italy, September 5–8, 2022, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "The Hate and Morality (HaMor) submission for the Profiling Hate Speech Spreaders on Twitter task at PAN 2021 ranked as the 19th position - over 67 participating teams - according to the averaged accuracy value of 73% over the two languages - English (62%) and Spanish (84%). The method proposed four types of features for inferring users attitudes just from the text in their messages: HS detection, users morality, named entities, and communicative behaviour. In this paper, since the test set is now available, we were able to analyse false negative and false positive prediction with the aim of shed more light on the hate speech spreading phenomena. Furthermore, we fine-tuned the features based on users morality and named entities showing that semantic resources could help in facing Hate Speech Spreaders detection on Twitter.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-13643-6_12",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13643-6_12",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-13642-9",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Analysing Moral Beliefs for Detecting Hate Speech Spreaders on Twitter",
      "author": "Lai, Mirko and Stranisci, Marco Antonio and Bosco, Cristina and Damiano, Rossana and Patti, Viviana",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-13643-6_12",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.chb.2023.107786": {
      "keywords": "Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), Social media, Treatment, Stigma, Values",
      "numpages": "12",
      "month": "aug",
      "journal": "Comput. Hum. Behav.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2023.107786",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107786",
      "issn": "0747-5632",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "145",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Aug 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Sharing is in Fact about Caring: Care Concerns Feature Prominently in Subreddits Devoted to Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors",
      "author": "Preston, Emma G. and Abdurahman, Suhaib and Woodward, Diana W. and West, Amy E.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.chb.2023.107786",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3341162.3344846": {
      "series": "UbiComp/ISWC '19 Adjunct",
      "location": "London, United Kingdom",
      "keywords": "moral, mobile sensing, ethics, game theory, context, artificial intelligence",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "888–892",
      "booktitle": "Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers",
      "abstract": "In order to build more fair Artificial Intelligence applications, a thorough understanding of human morality is required. Given the variable nature of human moral values, AI algorithms will have to adjust their behaviour based on the moral values of its users in order to align with end user expectations. Quantifying human moral values is, however, a challenging task which cannot easily be completed using e.g. surveys. In order to address this problem, we propose the use of game theory in longitudinal mobile sensing deployments. Game theory has long been used in disciplines such as Economics to quantify human preferences by asking participants to choose between a set of hypothetical options and outcomes. The behaviour observed in these games, combined with the use of mobile sensors, enables researchers to obtain unique insights into the effect of context on participant convictions.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3341162.3344846",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3341162.3344846",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450368698",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Capturing Contextual Morality: Applying Game Theory on Smartphones",
      "author": "van Berkel, Niels and Hosio, Simo and Tag, Benjamin and Goncalves, Jorge",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3341162.3344846",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1609/aimag.v40i1.2854": {
      "numpages": "2",
      "pages": "33–34",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "AI Mag.",
      "abstract": "I argue that both human and machine actions are more opaque than is generally realized and that the actions of both require explanation that an ethical orthosis might provide as aspects of artificial Companions for both human and machine actors. These explanations might well be closer to ethical accounts based on moral sentiment or emotion in the tradition of the primacy of sentiment over reason in this area of human and machine action.",
      "doi": "10.1609/aimag.v40i1.2854",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v40i1.2854",
      "issn": "0738-4602",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "40",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "American Association for Artificial Intelligence",
      "issue_date": "Spring 2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Moral Orthoses: A New Approach to Human and Machine Ethics",
      "author": "Wilks, Yorick",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1609/aimag.v40i1.2854",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3452446.3452557": {
      "series": "IPEC2021",
      "location": "Dalian, China",
      "keywords": "The Common Problems of Students, Teachers College, Improvement Measures",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "440–443",
      "booktitle": "2021 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers",
      "abstract": "Teachers college is an important base for training and transporting high-quality teachers for basic education. This paper starts from the three common problems of normal college students: worrying about their mental health, keen on virtual world and lack of learning motivation, it is pointed out that the cultivation and training of normal college students should be strengthened from four aspects: cultivating students' ideals and beliefs, cultivating students' moral sentiment, training students' solid knowledge and cultivating students' benevolence.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3452446.3452557",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3452446.3452557",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450389815",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Common Problems and Improvement Measures of Normal College Students",
      "author": "Zhou, Yanhua",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3452446.3452557",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3171642.3171669": {
      "series": "IJCAI'17",
      "location": "Melbourne, Australia",
      "numpages": "7",
      "pages": "178–184",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
      "abstract": "Autonomous agents are increasingly required to be able to make moral decisions. In these situations, the agent should be able to reason about the ethical bases of the decision and explain its decision in terms of the moral values involved. This is of special importance when the agent is interacting with a user and should understand the value priorities of the user in order to provide adequate support. This paper presents a model of agent behavior that takes into account user preferences and moral values.",
      "publisher": "AAAI Press",
      "isbn": "9780999241103",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "No Pizza for You: Value-Based Plan Selection in BDI Agents",
      "author": "Cranefield, Stephen and Winikoff, Michael and Dignum, Virginia and Dignum, Frank",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3171642.3171669",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2436256.2436272": {
      "numpages": "11",
      "pages": "64–74",
      "month": "apr",
      "journal": "Commun. ACM",
      "abstract": "Start with talent and skills driven by curiosity and hormones, constrained only by moral values and judgment.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2436256.2436272",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2436256.2436272",
      "issn": "0001-0782",
      "number": "4",
      "volume": "56",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "issue_date": "April 2013",
      "year": "2013",
      "title": "Why Computer Talents Become Computer Hackers",
      "author": "Xu, Zhengchuan and Hu, Qing and Zhang, Chenghong",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1145/2436256.2436272",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3398761.3398895": {
      "series": "AAMAS '20",
      "location": "Auckland, New Zealand",
      "keywords": "normative systems, values in multi-agent systems, including privacy, safety, security and transparency, reinforcement learning, game theory for practical applications",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "1152–1160",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems",
      "abstract": "Social interactions are key in multi-agent systems. Social dilemmas have been widely studied to model specific problems in social interactions. However, state-of-the-art social dilemmas have disregarded specific ethical aspects affecting interactions. Here we propose a novel model for social dilemmas, the so-called Sequential Moral Dilemmas, that do capture the notion of moral value. First, we provide a formal definition of sequential moral dilemmas as Markov Games. Thereafter, we formally characterise the necessary and sufficient conditions for agents to learn to behave ethically, so that they are aligned with the moral value. Moreover, we exploit our theoretical characterisation to provide a structural solution to a sequential moral dilemma, namely how to configure the Markov game to solve the dilemma. Finally, we illustrate our proposal through the so-called public civility game, an example of a sequential moral dilemma considering the civility value. We show the social benefits obtained when the agents learn to adhere to the moral value.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9781450375184",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "A Structural Solution to Sequential Moral Dilemmas",
      "author": "Rodriguez-Soto, Manel and Lopez-Sanchez, Maite and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Juan A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3398761.3398895",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3184558.3188728": {
      "series": "WWW '18",
      "location": "Lyon, France",
      "keywords": "misinformation, natural language processing, connotation analysis, social media analysis, deception, deep learning, machine learning",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "575–583",
      "booktitle": "Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference 2018",
      "abstract": "Deceptive information in online news and social media has had dramatic effect on our society in recent years. This study is the first to gain deeper insights into writers' intent behind digital misinformation by analyzing psycholinguistic signals: moral foundations and connotations extracted from different types of deceptive news ranging from strategic disinformation to propaganda and hoaxes. To ensure consistency of our findings and generalizability across domains, we experiment with data from: (1) confirmed cases of disinformation in news summaries, (2) propaganda, hoax, and disinformation news pages, and (3) social media news. We first contrast lexical markers of biased language, syntactic and stylistic signals, and connotations across deceptive news types including disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes, and deceptive strategies including misleading or falsification. We then incorporate these insights to build machine learning and deep learning predictive models to infer deception strategies and deceptive news types. Our experimental results demonstrate that unlike earlier work on deception detection, content combined with biased language markers, moral foundations, and connotations leads to better predictive performance of deception strategies compared to syntactic and stylistic signals (as reported in earlier work on deceptive reviews). Falsification strategy is easier to identify than misleading strategy. Disinformation is more difficult to predict than to propaganda or hoaxes. Deceptive news types (disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes), unlike deceptive strategies (falsification and misleading), are more salient, and thus easier to identify in tweets than in news reports. Finally, our novel connotation analysis across deception types provides deeper understanding of writers' perspectives and therefore reveals the intentions behind digital misinformation.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3184558.3188728",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3188728",
      "address": "Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE",
      "publisher": "International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee",
      "isbn": "9781450356404",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Misleading or Falsification: Inferring Deceptive Strategies and Types in Online News and Social Media",
      "author": "Volkova, Svitlana and Jang, Jin Yea",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3184558.3188728",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3392063.3394397": {
      "series": "IDC '20",
      "location": "London, United Kingdom",
      "keywords": "education, social robots, human-robot interaction, ethics",
      "numpages": "8",
      "pages": "273–280",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Interaction Design and Children Conference",
      "abstract": "Research has shown that social robots carry potential to be used in an educational setting. The possibility to have multiple roles carried out by one tool does not only instigate curiosity but also raises concerns. Whereas practical challenges get tackled by rapid technological advances, the moral challenges often get overlooked. In this study, we examined the moral values related to educational robots from a teachers' perspective, by first identifying concerns and opportunities, and subsequently linking them to (moral) values. We conducted focus group sessions with teachers to explore their perceptions regarding concerns and opportunities related to educational robots. Teachers voiced several considerations ranging from having concerns towards privacy to seeing opportunities in adding friendship and attachment a robot could emanate.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3392063.3394397",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3392063.3394397",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450379816",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Teachers' Perspectives on Social Robots in Education: An Exploratory Case Study",
      "author": "van Ewijk, Gijs and Smakman, Matthijs and Konijn, Elly A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3392063.3394397",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3472538.3472582": {
      "series": "FDG '21",
      "location": "Montreal, QC, Canada",
      "keywords": "Infrared Thermal Imaging, Moral Foundations Theory, Moral Decision-Making, Video Games, Moral Psychology",
      "numpages": "4",
      "articleno": "45",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games",
      "abstract": "In this paper, we report on an experiment with The Walking Dead (TWD), which is a narrative-driven adventure game with morally charged decisions set in a post-apocalyptic world filled with zombies. This study aimed to identify physiological markers of moral decisions and non-moral decisions using infrared thermal imaging (ITI). ITI is a non-invasive tool used to capture thermal variations due to blood flow in specific body regions that might be caused by sympathetic activity. Results show that moral decisions seem to elicit a significant decrease in temperature in the chin region 20 seconds after participants are presented with a moral decision. However, given the small sample involved, and the lack of significance in other regions, future studies might be needed to confirm the results obtained in this work.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3472538.3472582",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3472538.3472582",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450384223",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "The Temperature of Morality: A Behavioral Study Concerning the Effect of Moral Decisions on Facial Thermal Variations in Video Games",
      "author": "Guglielmo, Gianluca and Klincewicz, Michal",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3472538.3472582",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_20": {
      "location": "Singapore, Singapore",
      "keywords": "Emotional intelligence, Confucian moral sentimentalism, Social robot, Moral functionalism, Empathy",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "229–246",
      "booktitle": "Social Robotics: 13th International Conference, ICSR 2021, Singapore, Singapore,  November 10–13, 2021, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "This paper argues for the need to develop emotion in social robots to enable them to become artificial moral agents. The paper considers four dimensions of this issue: what, why, which, and how. The main thesis is that we need to build not just emotional intelligence, but also ersatz emotions, in autonomous social robots. Moral sentimentalism and moral functionalism are employed as the theoretical models. However, this paper argues that the popularly endorsed moral sentiment empathy is the wrong model to implement in social robots. In its stead, I propose the four moral sentiments (commiseration, shame/disgust, respect and deference, and the sense of right and wrong) in Confucian moral sentimentalism as our starting point for the top-down affective structure of robot design.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_20",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_20",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-90524-8",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Why We Need Emotional Intelligence in the Design of Autonomous Social Robots and How Confucian Moral Sentimentalism Can Help",
      "author": "Liu, JeeLoo",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_20",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1155/2022/8500242": {
      "numpages": "6",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Mob. Inf. Syst.",
      "abstract": "Art teaching is not only an important part of basic education but also an important subject of core literacy education, and the cultivation of core literacy is also a long and lasting process. In order to change the original teaching mode, reform the teaching concept, and cultivate high-quality all-round talents, this paper integrates artificial intelligence interactive teaching method into the art teaching process from the perspective of core literacy, which can not only increase the classroom interaction, improve students’ enthusiasm, and conduct multidimensional evaluation on students’ art work performance, moral sentiment, appreciation ability, creativity, and imagination. While paying attention to cultivating and improving students’ comprehensive quality and ability, the all-round development of students’ moral, intellectual, physical, artistic, and labor ability is improved.",
      "doi": "10.1155/2022/8500242",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8500242",
      "issn": "1574-017X",
      "volume": "2022",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "IOS Press",
      "issue_date": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Construction of Algorithm Model in Artificial Intelligence Interactive Art Teaching Evaluation System from the Perspective of Core Literacy",
      "author": "Bu, Xiangwei and Khattak, Hasan Ali",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1155/2022/8500242",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/520324": {
      "abstract": "From the Publisher:The Great Disruption begins by observing that over the past thirty years, the United States and other developed countries have undergone a profound transformation from industrial to information societies; knowledge has replaced mass production as the basis of wealth, power, and social interaction. At the same time, Western societies have endured increasing levels of crime, massive changes in fertility and family structure, decreasing levels of trust, and the triumph of individualism over community. Just as the Industrial Revolution brought about momentous changes in society's moral values, a similar Great Disruption in our own time has caused profound changes in our social structure. Drawing on the latest sociological data and new theoretical models from fields as diverse as economics and biology, Fukuyama reveals that even though the old order has broken apart, a new social order is already taking shape. Indeed, he suggests, the Great Disruption of the 1960s and 1970s may be giving way to a Great Reconstruction, as Western society weaves a new fabric of social and moral values appropriate to the changed realities of the postindustrial world.",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "The Free Press",
      "isbn": "068484530X",
      "year": "1999",
      "title": "The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order",
      "author": "Fukuyama, Francis",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "book",
      "ID": "10.5555/520324",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-21441-7_9": {
      "location": "Cambridge, United Kingdom",
      "keywords": "Moral values, Rules, Value alignment, Intelligent decision support systems, Evaluation of AI systems, AI ethics, Interpretation problem, Virtue theory, Wittgenstein, Practical reasoning",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "124–137",
      "booktitle": "Artificial Intelligence XXXIX: 42nd SGAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 2022, Cambridge, UK, December 13–15, 2022, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "We present what we call the Interpretation Problem, whereby any rule in symbolic form is open to infinite interpretation in ways that we might disapprove of and argue that any attempt to build morality into machines is subject to it. We show how the Interpretation Problem in Artificial Intelligence is an illustration of Wittgenstein’s general claim that no rule can contain the criteria for its own application, and that the risks created by this problem escalates in proportion to the degree to which a machine is causally connected to the world, in what we call the Law of Interpretative Exposure. Using games as an illustration, we attempt to define the structure of normative spaces and argue that any rule-following within a normative space is guided by values that are external to that space and which cannot themselves be represented as rules. In light of this, we categorise the types of mistakes an artificial moral agent could make into Mistakes of Intention and Instrumental Mistakes, and we propose ways of building morality into machines by getting them to interpret the rules we give in accordance with these external values, through explicit moral reasoning, the “Show, not Tell” paradigm, the adjustment of causal power and structure of the agent, and relational values, with the ultimate aim that the machine develop a virtuous character and that the impact of the Interpretation Problem is minimised.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-21441-7_9",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21441-7_9",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-21440-0",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Morality, Machines, and the Interpretation Problem: A Value-Based, Wittgensteinian Approach to Building Moral Agents",
      "author": "Badea, Cosmin and Artus, Gregory",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-21441-7_9",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2148131.2148213": {
      "series": "TEI '12",
      "location": "Kingston, Ontario, Canada",
      "keywords": "vice, prototyping, critical design, values",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "343–346",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction",
      "abstract": "While interaction designers often aim to support virtues such as health, creativity and thrift, their design efforts are also implicated in technologies that support greed, lust, and vanity. \"Vice\" interfaces serve as a way to interrogate critically some of the moral values that lie beneath our design efforts, while also providing an opportunity to create some wickedly fun prototypes.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2148131.2148213",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2148131.2148213",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450311748",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "Vice Interfaces",
      "author": "Kabisch, Eric and Williams, Amanda",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/2148131.2148213",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3016387.3016503": {
      "series": "AAAI'16",
      "location": "Phoenix, Arizona",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "4147–4151",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
      "abstract": "The future will see autonomous machines acting in the same environment as humans, in areas as diverse as driving, assistive technology, and health care. Think of self-driving cars, companion robots, and medical diagnosis support systems. We also believe that humans and machines will often need to work together and agree on common decisions. Thus hybrid collective decision making systems will be in great need.In this scenario, both machines and collective decision making systems should follow some form of moral values and ethical principles (appropriate to where they will act but always aligned to humans'), as well as safety constraints. In fact, humans would accept and trust more machines that behave as ethically as other humans in the same environment. Also, these principles would make it easier for machines to determine their actions and explain their behavior in terms understandable by humans. Moreover, often machines and humans will need to make decisions together, either through consensus or by reaching a compromise. This would be facilitated by shared moral values and ethical principles.",
      "publisher": "AAAI Press",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "Embedding Ethical Principles in Collective Decision Support Systems",
      "author": "Greene, Joshua and Rossi, Francesca and Tasioulas, John and Venable, Kristen Brent and Williams, Brian",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3016387.3016503",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1504/ijesdf.2022.122582": {
      "keywords": "legal reforms, Kazakhstan, democratic state, civil society, human values",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "223–237",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Int. J. Electron. Secur. Digit. Forensic",
      "abstract": "The issue of the establishment and development of legal culture in society is always very relevant not only in legal science but also in such sciences as philosophy, sociology, political science, legal psychology, etc. The purpose of this article is to study the scientific aspects of legal culture in the process of social security of the population. The leading methods of the study are systematisation and the analysis of existing theoretical data regarding this problem. These methods allowed to research complexly and variously legal culture in the social security of the citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The concept and characteristics of legal culture were researched. It was concluded that the Kazakhstan society should direct all its intellectual potential and moral foundations to ensure and protect the institutions of civil society on the path towards a democratic state.",
      "doi": "10.1504/ijesdf.2022.122582",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1504/ijesdf.2022.122582",
      "issn": "1751-911X",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "14",
      "address": "Geneva 15, CHE",
      "publisher": "Inderscience Publishers",
      "issue_date": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "The Role and Problems of Legal Culture in the Social Security of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan",
      "author": "Nurtazin, Erkinbek K. and Kozhaknmetova, Aizhan and Sultankulova, Kalbike A. and Ilyasova, Baktygul K. and Teleuyev, Galym B.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1504/ijesdf.2022.122582",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3386095": {
      "abstract": "This book offers the first systematic guide to machine ethics, bridging between computer science, social sciences and philosophy. Based on a dialogue between an AI scientist and a novelist philosopher, the book discusses important findings on which moral values machines can be taught and how. In turn, it investigates what kind of artificial intelligence (AI) people do actually want. What are the main consequences of the integration of AI in people's every-day life? In order to co-exist and collaborate with humans, machines need morality, but which moral values should we teach them? Moreover, how can we implement benevolent AI? These are just some of the questions carefully examined in the book, which offers a comprehensive account of ethical issues concerning AI, on the one hand, and a timely snapshot of the power and potential benefits of this technology on the other. Starting with an introduction to common-sense ethical principles, the book then guides the reader, helping them develop and understand more complex ethical concerns and placing them in a larger, technological context. The book makes these topics accessible to a non-expert audience, while also offering alternative reading pathways to inspire more specialized readers.",
      "edition": "1st",
      "publisher": "Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated",
      "isbn": "3030396290",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Machine Ethics: From Machine Morals to the Machinery of Morality",
      "author": "Pereira, Luis Moniz and Lopes, Antonio Barata",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "book",
      "ID": "10.5555/3386095",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2772879.2773377": {
      "series": "AAMAS '15",
      "location": "Istanbul, Turkey",
      "keywords": "virtual agents, emotions, coping, affective agents",
      "numpages": "2",
      "pages": "1669–1670",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "abstract": "In recent trends, the mechanism of coping, a psychological mechanism that consists of expending conscious effort to respond to the significance of events, is incorporated in Affective Intelligent Agents to deal with negative situations, usually signaled by strong negative emotions. In this paper, we propose to adopt Roseman's coping theory to model emotional coping in an intelligent agent that appraises situations based on its goals and moral values.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9781450334136",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "Coping with Moral Emotions: (Extended Abstract)",
      "author": "Battaglino, Cristina and Damiano, Rossana",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/2772879.2773377",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3545946.3598956": {
      "series": "AAMAS '23",
      "location": "London, United Kingdom",
      "keywords": "ethical judgment, hybrid neural-symbolic learning, machine ethics, argumentation, reinforcement learning, artificial moral agent",
      "numpages": "3",
      "pages": "2427–2429",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "abstract": "An increasing number of socio-technical systems embedding Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are deployed, and questions arise about the possible impact of such systems onto humans. We propose a hybrid multi-agent Reinforcement Learning framework consists of learning agents that learn a task-oriented behaviour defined by a set of symbolic moral judging agents to ensure they respect moral values. This framework is applied on the problem of responsible energy distribution for smart grids.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9781450394321",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "AJAR: An Argumentation-Based Judging Agents Framework for Ethical Reinforcement Learning",
      "author": "Alcaraz, Beno\\^{\\i}t and Boissier, Olivier and Chaput, R\\'{e}my and Leturc, Christopher",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3545946.3598956",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3611643.3613077": {
      "series": "ESEC/FSE 2023",
      "location": "<conf-loc>, <city>San Francisco</city>, <state>CA</state>, <country>USA</country>, </conf-loc>",
      "keywords": "textual analysis, toxicity, moral principles, open source",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "2092–2096",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering",
      "abstract": "To foster collaboration and inclusivity in Open Source Software (OSS) projects, it is crucial to understand and detect patterns of toxic language that may drive contributors away, especially those from underrepresented communities. Although machine learning-based toxicity detection tools trained on domain-specific data have shown promise, their design lacks an understanding of the unique nature and triggers of toxicity in OSS discussions, highlighting the need for further investigation. In this study, we employ Moral Foundations Theory to examine the relationship between moral principles and toxicity in OSS. Specifically, we analyze toxic communications in GitHub issue threads to identify and understand five types of moral principles exhibited in text, and explore their potential association with toxic behavior. Our preliminary findings suggest a possible link between moral principles and toxic comments in OSS communications, with each moral principle associated with at least one type of toxicity. The potential of MFT in toxicity detection warrants further investigation.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3611643.3613077",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3613077",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9798400703270",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Exploring Moral Principles Exhibited in OSS: A Case Study on GitHub Heated Issues",
      "author": "Ehsani, Ramtin and Rezapour, Rezvaneh and Chatterjee, Preetha",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3611643.3613077",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/158011.158124": {
      "series": "SIGCPR '93",
      "location": "St Louis, Missouri, USA",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "76–87",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Computer Personnel Research",
      "abstract": "Much of the current work into developing computer-based systems (CBS) as aids for managerial decision-making within organizations, still explains system failures as a psychological or organizational problem, i.e. a problem of inadequate “acceptance” of the CBS by the intended user. From this, the conclusion is drawn that “more” behavioural science research on user psychology can save the CBS-managerial decision-support concept. However, the underlying design ideal of CBS and the assumption of rational decision-making within organizations remains unquestioned. Any moves to question this ideal generally rest upon the issues of tool design in terms of providing alternative modes of information presentation in response to psychological “user types” and  problem categories.This paper questions the ideals of rational managerial decision-making and the resulting paradigm of computer system support. It suggests that for effective support, the normative content (the political and moral foundations) of system design must be subject to critical appraisal to secure social rationality for use of CBS within organizational activities.",
      "doi": "10.1145/158011.158124",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/158011.158124",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "0897915720",
      "year": "1993",
      "title": "Computer-Based Systems: A Discussion of Their Application to Managerial Decision-Support",
      "author": "Wilson, Francis A. and Wilson, John N. and Smith, Anne M.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/158011.158124",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-018-9467-3": {
      "keywords": "Ethics and technology, Applied ethics, Value sensitive design, Ethical theory",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "23–26",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Currently, value sensitive design (VSD) does not commit to a particular ethical theory. Critiques contend that without such an explicit commitment, VSD lacks a methodology for distinguishing genuine moral values from mere stakeholders-preferences and runs the risk of attending to a set of values that is unprincipled or unbounded. We argue that VSD practitioners need to complement it with an ethical theory. We argue in favour of a mid-level ethical theory to fulfil this role.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-018-9467-3",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9467-3",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "23",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Mar 2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Why Value Sensitive Design Needs Ethical Commitments",
      "author": "Jacobs, Naomi and Huldtgren, Alina",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-018-9467-3",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-642-31570-1_8": {
      "series": "DEON'12",
      "location": "Bergen, Norway",
      "numpages": "15",
      "pages": "108–122",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Deontic Logic in Computer Science",
      "abstract": "The aim of this work is to provide a logical analysis of moral agency. Although this concept has been extensively studied in social philosophy and in social sciences, it has been far less studied in the field of deontic logic and multi-agent systems (MASs). We discuss different aspects of moral agency such as the distinction between desires and moral values and the concept of moral agent. All these concepts are formalized in a variant of STIT logic with explicit actions.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-31570-1_8",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31570-1_8",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "9783642315695",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "On the Logical Foundations of Moral Agency",
      "author": "Lorini, Emiliano",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-642-31570-1_8",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-51924-7_2": {
      "location": "Auckland, New Zealand",
      "keywords": "Multi-user privacy, Explainable AI, Practical reasoning",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "21–38",
      "booktitle": "Explainable, Transparent Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: Second International Workshop, EXTRAAMAS 2020, Auckland, New Zealand, May 9–13, 2020, Revised Selected Papers",
      "abstract": "Online social networks are known to lack adequate multi-user privacy support. In this paper we present EXPRI, an agent architecture that aims to assist users in managing multi-user privacy conflicts. By considering the personal utility of sharing content and the individually preferred moral values of each user involved in the conflict, EXPRI identifies the best collaborative solution by applying practical reasoning techniques. Such techniques provide the agent with the cognitive process that is necessary for explainability. Furthermore, the knowledge gathered during the practical reasoning process allows EXPRI to engage in contrastive explanations.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-51924-7_2",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51924-7_2",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-51923-0",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Agent EXPRI: Licence to Explain",
      "author": "Mosca, Francesca and Sarkadi, \\c{S}tefan and Such, Jose M. and McBurney, Peter",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-51924-7_2",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104317": {
      "keywords": "Improving classroom teaching, Media in education, Cultural and social implications, Elementary education, Human-computer interface",
      "numpages": "14",
      "month": "dec",
      "journal": "Comput. Educ.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104317",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104317",
      "issn": "0360-1315",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "174",
      "address": "GBR",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Ltd.",
      "issue_date": "Dec 2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Moral Considerations on Social Robots in Education: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective",
      "author": "Smakman, Matthijs and Vogt, Paul and Konijn, Elly A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104317",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2856636.2856659": {
      "series": "ISEC '16",
      "location": "Goa, India",
      "keywords": "Co-design, Value sensitive design",
      "numpages": "1",
      "pages": "196",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 9th India Software Engineering Conference",
      "abstract": "Today's information systems are ubiquitous and delivered through \"mobile apps\" installed on smartphones. However, the growth of smartphone apps has had relatively little impact on the creation of apps that offer new affordances for young people from marginalised groups. One possible determining factor for this is the specific issue of value sensitivity. It is also evident that the role of software engineering is integral to addressing issues that require inter-connection and human interactions with systems. Thus, software engineering needs to integrate research in socio-technical systems, human behaviour and social concerns when used for design of mobile device based apps. Such integration requires a renewed focus on the notion of \"Value\".A basic driver of human behaviour may at least in part be explained by (moral) values. Friedman defines value as: \"what a person or group of people consider important in life\". Values that are particularly pertinent to information systems include: ownership and property; privacy, freedom from bias, universal usability, trust, autonomy, informed consent, identity and others [2]. A notable contribution to understanding and accounting for values in the design process is the work by Friedman and her colleagues on Value Sensitive Design (VSD)[2]. Apps addressing social concerns are particularly prone to value sensitive concerns.This work proposes that mobile app systems design and current SE practice does not incorporate any theoretical perspective of value as a first class representation. In particular, apps targeted for social good need software engineering guidance as current approaches to non-functional requirements are insufficient. This paper will present the outcomes of a research study that developed and deployed a mobile app for use by young people and their caseworkers in youth offending teams in the UK youth justice domain (http://www.mayot.mdx.ac.uk). The project raised requirements on design methods to incorporate the voice of stakeholders with respect to privacy and other moral value issues. The research was conducted \"in the wild\" and the app was deployed and evaluated in three case study sites.Several contributions are made: we will present our app; the novel design processes; and some of our evaluation outcomes. Critically, we will expose some of the key research challenges arising from this work as we integrated value sensitive concerns into our co-design processes. We discuss the implications for mobile software engineering practice particularly in the context of non functional requirements. In doing so, we will refer to our prior published at ICSE 2015 [1] and our current work on further empirical evaluation of the app in 12 other case study organisations.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2856636.2856659",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2856636.2856659",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450340182",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "Integrating Values into Mobile Software Engineering",
      "author": "Barn, Ravinder and Barn, Balbir S.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/2856636.2856659",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-018-9486-0": {
      "keywords": "Stuart Russell, Conceptual spaces, Self-driving cars, Autonomous systems, Value alignment problem, IEEE",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "19–28",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Stuart Russell defines the value alignment problem as follows: How can we build autonomous systems with values that \"are aligned with those of the human race\"? In this article I outline some distinctions that are useful for understanding the value alignment problem and then propose a solution: I argue that the methods currently applied by computer scientists for embedding moral values in autonomous systems can be improved by representing moral principles as conceptual spaces, i.e. as Voronoi tessellations of morally similar choice situations located in a multidimensional geometric space. The advantage of my preferred geometric approach is that it can be implemented without specifying any utility function ex ante.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-018-9486-0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9486-0",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "21",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "March     2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "The Value Alignment Problem: A Geometric Approach",
      "author": "Peterson, Martin",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-018-9486-0",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3292147.3292239": {
      "series": "OzCHI '18",
      "location": "Melbourne, Australia",
      "keywords": "design principles, human-robot interaction, commercialization of social robots, social robots",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "535–538",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 30th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction",
      "abstract": "Knowledge about how social robots should be designed is fragmented, and there is currently limited discussion around developing a consistent body of knowledge to describe the design process of these social machines. This paper describes eleven design principles for the development of interactions between humans and robots including programming practices, characteristics of robots as products, interactive behaviours, and even moral values for users. We draw inspiration from the development and design practices of a range of interactive systems and several fields of design that inform the interdisciplinary potential of social robotics. Finally, we propose the empirical validation of these design principles in future work.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3292147.3292239",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292239",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450361880",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "How the Inclusion of Design Principles Contribute to the Development of Social Robots",
      "author": "Sandoval, Eduardo Benitez and Brown, Scott and Velonaki, Mari",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3292147.3292239",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.010": {
      "keywords": "Cross-cultural comparison, Moral dilemma, Ethical decision-making, Autonomous vehicle, Mixed-methods",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "39–56",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Comput. Hum. Behav.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.010",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.010",
      "issn": "0747-5632",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "102",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Jan 2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Human Moral Reasoning Types in Autonomous Vehicle Moral Dilemma: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Korea and Canada",
      "author": "Rhim, Jimin and Lee, Gi-bbeum and Lee, Ji-Hyun",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.010",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/1558109.1558282": {
      "series": "AAMAS '09",
      "location": "Budapest, Hungary",
      "keywords": "agent-based model, multi-agent based social simulation, demography, social values, data-driven modelling",
      "numpages": "2",
      "pages": "1337–1338",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2",
      "abstract": "Modelling the evolution of moral values in a society is a complex problem that involves many interwined aspects. The approach presented in this paper takes information from a common tool of sociologists, public surveys, as input to build the model by following a data-driven approach, to analyse and interpret the impact of each factor separately, and their mutual influence. The system handles thousands of heterogeneous agents, with their own life cycle, reproduction patterns and complex social relationship dynamics including friendship. The emergence of a robust social network was a consequence of the system set up. Its output is consistent with respect to the ideological, religious and demographic parameters observed in real world surveys.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9780981738178",
      "year": "2009",
      "title": "A Data-Driven Simulation of Social Values Evolution",
      "author": "Hassan, Samer and Antunes, Luis and Pav\\'{o}n, Juan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/1558109.1558282",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/1238070": {
      "abstract": "Through a combination of research, and original thought leadership, the authors demonstrate how the best performing companies have leaders who actively apply moral values to achieve enduring personal and organizational success. These individuals exhibit moral intelligence: a strong moral compass and the ability to follow it. Lennick and Kiel reveal how dozens of companies benefit from the moral intelligence of their leaders, help\\\"{\\i} build\\\"{\\i} specific moral competencies leaders need: integrity, responsibility, compassion, forgiveness, and more. This book also includes the new Moral and Emotional Competency Inventory (MECI): an indispensable metric to assess moral intelligence.\\\"{\\i} Leaders with strong moral intelligence can build the trust and commitment that are the foundation of truly great businesses. Be one of those leaders, lead one of those companies, with Moral Intelligence.",
      "publisher": "Wharton School Publishing",
      "isbn": "0131490508",
      "year": "2005",
      "title": "Moral Intelligence: Enhancing Business Performance and Leadership Success",
      "author": "Lennick, Doug and Kiel, Fred",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "book",
      "ID": "10.5555/1238070",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/1753846.1754123": {
      "series": "CHI EA '10",
      "location": "Atlanta, Georgia, USA",
      "keywords": "values, values in design, design, value sensitive design, industry",
      "numpages": "6",
      "pages": "4183–4188",
      "booktitle": "CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems",
      "abstract": "The HCI community recognizes the importance of value-centric design methodologies as reflected in the number of publications on the topic in recent years. However, the adoption of these methodologies by industry has been slower than desirable. This paper seeks to uncover potential reasons behind this slow adoption by investigating the concept of \"values\" among individuals working as designers in various industries. Based on a survey of these design industry professionals, this paper reports that design professionals believe they do consider values in their design and hence may not see a need for a specific value-sensitive methodology. While design professionals clearly consider personal, social, and economic values in their work, there may be a lack of consideration of moral values. Implications and further findings are discussed.",
      "doi": "10.1145/1753846.1754123",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1754123",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781605589305",
      "year": "2010",
      "title": "The Problem of Defining Values for Design: A Lack of Common Ground between Industry and Academia?",
      "author": "Rotondo, Amanda and Freier, Nathan G.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/1753846.1754123",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3486011.3486423": {
      "series": "TEEM'21",
      "location": "Barcelona, Spain",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "78–82",
      "booktitle": "Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM'21)",
      "abstract": "This research is a study from a qualitative perspective. Its purpose is to carry out a systematic mapping of methods and methodological approaches related to the teaching of literature. The search was carried out in Scopus and Web of Science databases in the period 2016-2021. The results of this study show that the most published countries on this topic are Turkey and Malaysia. In addition, the methodological approach used is qualitative predominantly. Besides, there is a strong link between the teaching of literature with the use of technology and the teaching of English as a foreign language. Consequently, the methods used are appropriate to these purposes. Finally, it highlights the aesthetic, civic, and moral values that emerge from the teaching of literature.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3486011.3486423",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3486011.3486423",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450390668",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Literature Teaching Methods: A Systematic Mapping",
      "author": "N\\'{u}\\~{n}ez-Pacheco, Rosa and Guill\\'{e}n-Ch\\'{a}vez, Evelyn-Paola and Barreda-Parra, Aym\\'{e} and S\\'{a}nchez-G\\'{o}mez, Mª Cruz",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3486011.3486423",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3563572.3563583": {
      "series": "SOUPS'21",
      "numpages": "20",
      "articleno": "11",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the Seventeenth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security",
      "abstract": "Privacy laws govern the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by businesses. Through an online survey with 300 participants and a follow-up interview with 32 participants, we investigate Canadians' awareness of their privacy rights and how businesses manage their personal information. Further, we explore how Canadians respond to hypothetical privacy violations using ten scenarios adapted from real cases. Our participants are generally aware of having privacy rights but have insufficient knowledge and resources to exercise those rights properly. Participants did not necessarily equate compliance with the law as sufficient for ethical conduct. Through our analysis, we identified a \"moral code\" that consumers rely on to assess privacy violations based on the core moral values of trust, transparency, control, and access.",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "USENIX Association",
      "isbn": "978-1-939133-25-0",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "\"Whether It's Moral is a Whole Other Story\": Consumer Perspectives on Privacy Regulations and Corporate Data Practices",
      "author": "Zhang-Kennedy, Leah and Chiasson, Sonia",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3563572.3563583",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3456887.3456961": {
      "series": "CIPAE 2021",
      "location": "Ottawa, ON, Canada",
      "numpages": "5",
      "pages": "331–335",
      "booktitle": "2021 2nd International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education",
      "abstract": "In the process of reform of audit teaching, universities should integrate ideological and political education into audit teaching. Universities should focus on the goal of moral values establishment and people cultivation and rely on ideological and political cases to promote students to form a correct cognition of professional ethics. Meanwhile, teachers should strictly follow the law of imparting knowledge and educating people and accurately grasp the joint point of ideological and political courses and audit professional courses. Thus, universities and teachers can create a good atmosphere of ideological and political education for students, which not only ensures that students constantly improve their professional ability and innovation ability, but also makes them achieve the unity of knowledge and practice and have both ability and political integrity.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3456887.3456961",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3456887.3456961",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450389969",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Auditing Teaching Reform Based on Ideological and Political Theories",
      "author": "Liu, Baifang and Xia, Jiahui and Du, Meijie and Sui, Liqiu",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3456887.3456961",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.4018/IJT.2018070104": {
      "keywords": "Intrinsic Value, Ecological Contract, Market Values, Essential Good, Legal Standing, Conservation, Social Convention, Environmental Law",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "42–50",
      "month": "jul",
      "journal": "Int. J. Technoethics",
      "abstract": "Perhaps if the preservation of nature is to mean anything in the concrete legal and policy world in which we live, it is time to move away from our reliance on fundamentally changing grass-roots conventional moral values as a prerequisite to policy in a bottom-up approach to change. Instead, perhaps we should consider a revolution in the terms of the explicit legal contract between humanity and nature granting new essential status and fundamental legal standing to the natural world; redefining the core values and assumptions applied to policy from the top-down. The author will call this explicit 'status' contract between humanity and nature the 'Ecological Contract' and argue that it is only through legitimizing the status of nature in law that we can assure the long-term sustainability of the natural world.",
      "doi": "10.4018/IJT.2018070104",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2018070104",
      "issn": "1947-3451",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "9",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IGI Global",
      "issue_date": "July 2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Toward an Environmental Law of Essential Goods: A Philosophical and Legal Justification For 'Ecological Contract'",
      "author": "Gillroy, John Martin",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.4018/IJT.2018070104",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.4018/ijkbo.2015040101": {
      "keywords": "CEO Compensation, Guanxi, Ethics, Social Networks, Corporate Governance, Conflict of Interest, Procedural Justice",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "1–18",
      "month": "apr",
      "journal": "Int. J. Knowledge-Based Organ.",
      "abstract": "Given the persistent prevalence of conflict of interest in our society, the authors ask the question: What exactly is conflict of interest? Based on an extensive analysis of conflict of interest cases in the popular press, the authors come up with a typology of conflict of interest: personal conflict of interest versus organizational conflict of interest. Furthermore, the authors develop a model of the causes and reactions to conflict of interest. The authors identify four antecedents to conflict of interest which include delegation of authority, guanxi and guanxi practice, law and ethics code, and moral &amp; values. At the same time, the authors find that the characteristics of conflict of interest, which include network strength, exchange value, and transparency will influence people's reactions to the conflict of interest and perception of impaired judgment and decision making.",
      "doi": "10.4018/ijkbo.2015040101",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2015040101",
      "issn": "2155-6393",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "5",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IGI Global",
      "issue_date": "April 2015",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "Conflict of Interest: What It Is, Its Causes and Consequences",
      "author": "Zhang, Yanli and Hsu, Jeffrey and Xing, Ruben and Zhou, Wencang",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.4018/ijkbo.2015040101",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-031-20218-6_18": {
      "location": "Santiago, Chile",
      "keywords": "Groupware, Ethics teaching, Social intuitionist model",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "261–278",
      "booktitle": "Collaboration Technologies and Social Computing: 28th International Conference, CollabTech 2022, Santiago, Chile, November 8–11, 2022, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "Ethics education is essential in business and STEM curricula. For decades up to the present day, a rationalist conception of ethics has been highly influential in its pedagogy. However, in the past twenty years, developments in moral psychology and neuroscience support that moral thought and deliberation are guided by a dual process initiated by intuition. In this research, we present the design of a scaffolding for ethics teaching based on groupware with individual and collaborative activities, informed by the Social Intuitionist Model (SIM) and Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). We conducted an exploratory study based on an original case about academic ethics, involving student samples in five higher education institutions in four countries (N = 249). Results indicate that ethical reasoning, initially guided by intuition, can be influenced by facts, reflective questions, and social interaction. Students regardless of their initial intuitive stance about an eliciting situation, and their moral sensitivity according to MFT, changed their final decision on the situation significantly by the end of the intervention according to a Wilcoxon signed rank test (p &lt; 0.001). About 30% of the sample swung to a stance opposite to what they decided at the outset of the intervention. A question that stems from this research is how students’ ethical thinking could be scaffolded and oriented, both pedagogically and technology-wise, towards identifying and standing for solutions to ethical dilemmas that are based on virtue and bring greater good.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-20218-6_18",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20218-6_18",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-031-20217-9",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Scaffolding of Intuitionist Ethical Reasoning with Groupware: Do Students’ Stances Change in Different Countries?",
      "author": "\\'{A}lvarez, Claudio and Zurita, Gustavo and Far\\'{\\i}as, Antonio and Collazos, C\\'{e}sar and Gonz\\'{a}lez-Calleros, Juan Manuel and Yunga, Manuel and Pezoa, \\'{A}lvaro",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-031-20218-6_18",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2482991.2482993": {
      "series": "C&amp;T '13",
      "location": "Munich, Germany",
      "keywords": "virtual community formation, technology ethics, ethnography, values in design, internet architecture",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "110–119",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Communities and Technologies",
      "abstract": "The infrastructure underlying the Internet continues to evolve, with ramifications for not only the technical protocols that govern network functions, but also implications for social, economic, and legal issues. This paper uses ethnography to examine how and why ethical and social issues arise during the design of Named Data Networking, a new approach to Internet architecture. By focusing on communications modes among a distributed team of network architects, it investigates how particular modes may enable or constrain values levers: practices which encourage discussion of values during design. While face-to-face retreats encourage interdisciplinary work and subsequent discussion of moral values, mediated modes of communication tend to constrain values levers. These limitations may be overcome by encouraging communications techniques such as scenarios and demos, which can be used in both face-to-face and mediated settings.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2482991.2482993",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2482991.2482993",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450321044",
      "year": "2013",
      "title": "Making Space for Values: Communication Values Levers in a Virtual Team",
      "author": "Shilton, Katie and Koepfler, Jes A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/2482991.2482993",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1023/A:1024976203396": {
      "keywords": "intellectual property rights, Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), enclosure, Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), Locke, intellectual commons, labor-desert theory, Internet, hyperlink, natural law, patents, business method patent, authorship, Napster, open source code, public domain, copyright, utilitarianism",
      "numpages": "16",
      "pages": "1–16",
      "month": "jun",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "This paper uses two recent\nworks as a springboard for discussing the\nproper contours of intellectual property\nprotection.  Professor Lessig devotes much of\nThe Future of Ideas to demonstrating how\nthe expanding scope of intellectual property\nprotection threatens the Internet as an\ninnovation commons.  Similarly, Professor\nLitman's message in Digital Copyright is\nthat copyright law is both too complicated and\ntoo restrictive.  Both authors contend that as\na result of overprotecting individual rights,\ncreativity is stifled and the vitality of the\nintellectual commons is in jeopardy.  It is\ndifficult to evaluate the claims and policy\nprescriptions of these books without some\nappreciation for the moral foundations of\nintellectual property.  The utility and labor\ndesert theories remain the two most prominent\nin the Anglo-American tradition.  After\nexploring those theories, we argue for a secure\nregime of protection based on the Lockean\nvision that property rights are justly deserved\nas a reward for labor that creates value. \nHowever, as Locke's famous proviso implies,\neven a natural property right is not absolute\nand must be balanced by regard for the public\ndomain.  But a natural right cannot be\nsacrificed simply to advance technological\ninnovation or to achieve marginal social and\neconomic gains.  While we agree with Lessig and\nLitman that recent legislation goes too far we\nconclude the essay by attempting to illustrate\nthat some of their policy recommendations err\nin the opposite direction by underprotecting\nvalid property rights.",
      "doi": "10.1023/A:1024976203396",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024976203396",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "5",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "2003",
      "year": "2003",
      "title": "The Future of Intellectual Property",
      "author": "Spinello, Richard A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1023/A:1024976203396",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/1859350": {
      "abstract": "Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have profoundly changed many aspects of life, including the nature of entertainment, work, communication, education, healthcare, industrial production and business, social relations and conflicts. They have had a radical and widespread impact on our moral lives and hence on contemporary ethical debates. The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics provides an ambitious and authoritative introduction to the field, with discussions of a range of topics including privacy, ownership, freedom of speech, responsibility, technological determinism, the digital divide, cyber warfare, and online pornography. It offers an accessible and thoughtful survey of the transformations brought about by ICTs and their implications for the future of human life and society, for the evaluation of behaviour, and for the evolution of moral values and rights. It will be a valuable book for all who are interested in the ethical aspects of the information society in which we live.",
      "edition": "1st",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Cambridge University Press",
      "isbn": "0521888980",
      "year": "2010",
      "title": "The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics",
      "author": "Floridi, Luciano",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "book",
      "ID": "10.5555/1859350",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3398761.3398904": {
      "series": "AAMAS '20",
      "location": "Auckland, New Zealand",
      "keywords": "value alignment, social rankings, norms, values",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "1233–1241",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems",
      "abstract": "Research in normative multi-agent systems has explored several approaches to compute the norm system (set of norms) required to make coordination possible. More recently, norm selection supposes an already available collection of norms from which to select a norm system to enact. A key aspect in this selection process is the consideration of moral values together with preferences among them, thus the selection follows the principle: the more preferred the values promoted by a norm system, the more preferred the norm system. Unfortunately, norm selection follows a quantitative approach despite the qualitative nature of the information available to the decision maker. In this paper we provide a novel qualitative approach to norm selection by formalising the process to infer a norm system ranking from the value preferences. We provide an encoding of this qualitative problem into a linear program and show that their solutions are equivalent.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9781450375184",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "A Qualitative Approach to Composing Value-Aligned Norm Systems",
      "author": "Serramia, Marc and Lopez-Sanchez, Maite and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Juan A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3398761.3398904",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3463952.3464061": {
      "series": "AAMAS '21",
      "location": "Virtual Event, United Kingdom",
      "keywords": "practical reasoning, multiuser privacy, explainable agents, human-agent interaction, value-based agents",
      "numpages": "9",
      "pages": "916–924",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems",
      "abstract": "Online social networks fail to support users to adequately share co-owned content, which leads to privacy violations. Scholars proposed collaborative mechanisms to support users, but they did not satisfy one or more requirements needed according to empirical evidence in this domain, such as explainability, role-agnosticism, adaptability, and being utility- and value-driven. We present ELVIRA, an agent that supports multiuser privacy, whose design meets all these requirements. By considering the sharing preferences and the moral values of users, ELVIRA identifies the optimal sharing policy. Furthermore, ELVIRA justifies the optimality of the solution through explanations based on argumentation. We prove via simulations that ELVIRA provides solutions with the best trade-off between individual utility and value adherence. We also show through a user study that ELVIRA suggests solutions that are more acceptable than existing approaches and that its explanations are also more satisfactory.",
      "address": "Richland, SC",
      "publisher": "International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems",
      "isbn": "9781450383073",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "ELVIRA: An Explainable Agent for Value and Utility-Driven Multiuser Privacy",
      "author": "Mosca, Francesca and Such, Jose M.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/3463952.3464061",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/1978942.1979077": {
      "series": "CHI '11",
      "location": "<conf-loc>, <city>Vancouver</city>, <state>BC</state>, <country>Canada</country>, </conf-loc>",
      "keywords": "productivity tools, busyness, qualitative field study",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "905–914",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems",
      "abstract": "This paper examines the relationship between experiences of busyness in everyday life and the use of productivity tools, including planners, calendars and to-do lists. Field study findings demonstrate that American individuals across a demographic range have internalized a cultural emphasis of busyness as a moral value to construct positive identities as busy individuals. At the same time, they struggle with a sense of conflict around busyness, reflected in real-life experiences of clashing priorities, fantasies of downtime, and struggles with anxiety, guilt, and loss of control. Our findings also point to the ways digital and non-digital productivity tools are embedded in experiences and coping practices around busyness. Grounded in our observations we propose design principles for productivity tools that support users' identities as busy people but also address some of the perils of the American busyness ethic.",
      "doi": "10.1145/1978942.1979077",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979077",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450302289",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "\"I Lie to Myself That i Have Freedom in My Own Schedule\": Productivity Tools and Experiences of Busyness",
      "author": "Leshed, Gilly and Sengers, Phoebe",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/1978942.1979077",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/1089551.1089726": {
      "series": "ICEC '05",
      "location": "Xi'an, China",
      "keywords": "behavior borders, hypothesis extension, economic man",
      "numpages": "6",
      "pages": "887–892",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electronic Commerce",
      "abstract": "Modern soviet is an information society, whose most obvious characteristics are Internet and the application of computers. Economic decisions and transactions are made with the help of internet Great charges can be found in moral values, behavior principles and arrangements while Internet technology has considerably reduced transaction cost, human tendency of opportunism and pursuit for benefits while avoiding harms can brig about intentionally induced behaviors with greater ease, which can be attributed to the concealing nature of economic actions and lack of supervision of pursuit for economic gains. As the Internet prevails, two points fall into the study on economic theories; how to define the economic man's pattern of behavior and how to reduce the negative external effect of economic actions, this paper focuses on the extension of economic man hypothesis and its effect on the determination of economic behavior borders as the Internet booms.",
      "doi": "10.1145/1089551.1089726",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1089551.1089726",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "1595931120",
      "year": "2005",
      "title": "The Extension of Economic Man Hypothesis and the Determination of Behavior Borders: Thoughts Derived from Internet Background",
      "author": "Cheng, Yu",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/1089551.1089726",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2521828": {
      "note": "AAINR78451",
      "abstract": "Drawing on Berman's (1972, 1988) political-cultural view of creativity, this thesis contextualizes consumer creativity in the context of a consumer community wrought with paradoxes and conflicts. Adopting a netnography methodology and empirically examining how individual free/open source software (FOSS) community members interpret their own creative activities, this thesis finds that consumer creativity is a journey toward a moral destiny, with morality arising from the interplay between rationalism and Romanticism and the cultural, historical baggage of these two ideological systems (e.g., sexism in the domains of science and art). Along this journey, individual FOSS community members (i.e., FOSS programmers) co-create and negotiate their common identity—a craftsperson who is a scientist, artist, and moral warrior, an identity embodied by FOSS, their creative product and a form of technology. This journey is both sweet and bitter and full of paradoxes and conflicts, all of which have rich implications about the power relationships within the community. On the one hand, FOSS programmers recreate a mythologized paradise where they re-merge with the natural world and return to human nature and where they are re-actualizing the moral values of freedom, public interests, and egalitarianism. On the other hand, in this community, sexism against female programmers is rampant; some programmers could perceive that their creativity is constrained and exploited by powerful project owners and thereby feel alienated, frustrated, and trivialized; individual programmers could confront each other due to their different technological preferences and doubt each other's motivations; and this community's creative process is infused with politics.This thesis (1) enriches the marketing literature on consumer creativity which is dominated by an instrumental perspective of creativity by introducing the moral dimension of consumer creativity; (2) contributes to the marketing literature which is dominated by the view that the creative process is enjoyable and harmonious by examining paradoxes and conflicts in the creative process; and (3) enriches the marketing literature on the impact of technology on human well-being and the natural environment by illustrating a contextualized view that the impact of a technology depends on the moral values of the creator and the user of this technology.",
      "address": "CAN",
      "publisher": "Queen's University",
      "isbn": "9780494784518",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "Consumer Creativity as a Journey toward a Moral Destiny: An Investigation of the Free/Open Source Software Community",
      "advisor": "Handelman, Jay",
      "author": "Shi, Tiebing",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/2521828",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-006-0001-7": {
      "keywords": "infosphere, ontological friction, information ethics, informational privacy, personal identity",
      "numpages": "16",
      "pages": "185–200",
      "month": "dec",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "The paper outlines a new interpretation of informational privacy and of its moral value. The main theses defended are: (a) informational privacy is a function of the ontological friction in the infosphere, that is, of the forces that oppose the information flow within the space of information; (b) digital ICTs (information and communication technologies) affect the ontological friction by changing the nature of the infosphere (re-ontologization); (c) digital ICTs can therefore both decrease and protect informational privacy but, most importantly, they can also alter its nature and hence our understanding and appreciation of it; (d) a change in our ontological perspective, brought about by digital ICTs, suggests considering each person as being constituted by his or her information and hence regarding a breach of one's informational privacy as a form of aggression towards one's personal identity.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-006-0001-7",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-006-0001-7",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "4",
      "volume": "7",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "December  2005",
      "year": "2005",
      "title": "The Ontological Interpretation of Informational Privacy",
      "author": "Floridi, Luciano",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-006-0001-7",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3600211.3604661": {
      "series": "AIES '23",
      "location": "<conf-loc>, <city>Montr\\'{e}al</city>, <state>QC</state>, <country>Canada</country>, </conf-loc>",
      "keywords": "elicitation, value-alignment, Participation",
      "numpages": "11",
      "pages": "38–48",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society",
      "abstract": "The AI Ethics community faces an imperative to empower stakeholders and impacted community members so that they can scrutinize and influence the design, development, and use of AI systems in high-stakes domains. While a growing chorus of recent papers has kindled interest in so-called “participatory ML” methods, precisely what form participation ought to take and how to operationalize these ambitions are seldom addressed. Our survey of the relevant literature shows that in many papers, participation is reduced to highly structured, computational mechanisms designed to elicit mathematically tractable approximations of narrowly-defined moral values. Of papers that actually engage with real people, these engagements typically consist of one-time interactions with individuals that are often unrepresentative of the relevant stakeholders. Motivated by these clear limitations, we introduce a consolidated set of axes to evaluate and improve participatory approaches. We use these axes to analyze contemporary work in this space and outline future AI research directions that could meaningfully contribute to operationalizing the ideal of participation.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3600211.3604661",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604661",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9798400702310",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "From Preference Elicitation to Participatory ML: A Critical Survey Guidelines for Future Research",
      "author": "Feffer, Michael and Skirpan, Michael and Lipton, Zachary and Heidari, Hoda",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3600211.3604661",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.4018/IJBIR.2019070101": {
      "keywords": "Ethics, Social Media, Big Data, Data Usage, Privacy, Extrovert/Introvert, Social Networking",
      "numpages": "15",
      "pages": "1–15",
      "month": "jul",
      "journal": "Int. J. Bus. Intell. Res.",
      "abstract": "Big Data is collected via engagement in online activity and undergraduate students tend to be particularly heavy users of digital media. This article explores their online activity to assess their participation and usage patterns as well as their ethical perspectives. The research finds that these students have a somewhat substantial Big Data footprint since they actively engage in social media, use smart devices, shop online, use streaming services, and employ digital tools. Social connectedness necessitates the potential for their privacy being compromised and the findings suggest that introverts are more concerned about this issue then extroverts are. However, people of both types are concerned about conveying a positive image online. The majority of those surveyed primarily identified with the values expressed by the Utilitarian and Kantian ethical perspectives and less so with those expressed by Social Contract Theory and Virtue Ethics. However, study participants did not consistently ground their moral values in any one of these ethical theories.",
      "doi": "10.4018/IJBIR.2019070101",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBIR.2019070101",
      "issn": "1947-3591",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "10",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IGI Global",
      "issue_date": "Jul 2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Exploring Big Data Footprints and Ethics: An Undergraduate Student Focus",
      "author": "Miori, Virginia M. and Herschel, Richard T.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.4018/IJBIR.2019070101",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2307096.2307145": {
      "series": "IDC '12",
      "location": "Bremen, Germany",
      "keywords": "pedagogical agent, pandorabots, children and Malaysian folktales",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "280–283",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children",
      "abstract": "It has been reported that the pedagogical agent is a great tool in enhancing learning and teaching. Its potential in educational technology can be seen from a variety effects on learning outcomes especially in terms of promoting users' learning; gaining users' attention; and in enhancing users' motivation. Notwithstanding all the research undertaken in the field of educational technology, there have been a limited number of studies involving children. We will investigate the potential of pedagogical agent in enhancing children's learning performance in a virtual learning environment and, specifically, we will focus on the pedagogical agent's potential in enhancing children's understanding of Malaysian folktales and moral values. In this paper, we explain briefly about Malaysian folktales in so-called Hikayat Land and the implementation of the Pedagogical Agent Level of Details (PALD) model. We also share our experience of using the Pandorabots web service in developing our pedagogical agent, v-Penglipur Lara, or the storyteller.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2307096.2307145",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2307096.2307145",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450310079",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "V-Penglipur Lara: The Development of a Pedagogical Agent in Malaysian Folktales Land",
      "author": "Masmuzidin, Masyarah Zulhaida and Wan, Taoran",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/2307096.2307145",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.4018/jthi.2010091701": {
      "keywords": "Purposive Agency, Principle Of Generic Consistency, Universal Rights, Christine Korsgaard, Metaphysics Of Information, Luciano Floridi, Information Ethics, Arthur Schopenhauer, Intrinsic Value, Deigned-In-Purposive-Agency, Artefacts, Instrumental Value, Alan Gewirth",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "1–14",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Int. J. Technol. Hum. Interact.",
      "abstract": "This paper falls into five main parts. Part one, offers a critical analysis and evaluation of Luciano Floridi's metaphysical theory of information ethics IE. Drawing on part one, part two provides a discussion of what I consider to be the main conceptual and practical difficulties facing Floridi's IE theory. Although in agreement with the overall motivation and objective that informs Floridi's IE position, namely, that \"all entities, qua informational objects, have an intrinsic moral value'\" and that \"there seems to be no good reason not to adopt a higher and more inclusive, ontocentric [moral] perspective\" Floridi, 2007, 10, part three of the paper proposes an alternative New-Gewirthian approach to Information Ethics that avoids some if not all of the difficulties facing Floridi's own position. Part four then examines the implications for Floridi's metaphysical theory of information ethics and finally, offers a conclusion in part five.",
      "doi": "10.4018/jthi.2010091701",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2010091701",
      "issn": "1548-3908",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "6",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IGI Global",
      "issue_date": "January 2010",
      "year": "2010",
      "title": "Luciano Floridi's Metaphysical Theory of Information Ethics: A Critical Appraisal and an Alternative Neo-Gewirthian Information Ethics",
      "author": "Spence, Edward",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.4018/jthi.2010091701",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.4018/IJT.291550": {
      "keywords": "Production Line, Industrial Design, Human Value, Ethics, Value Sensitive Design",
      "numpages": "11",
      "pages": "1–11",
      "month": "feb",
      "journal": "Int. J. Technoethics",
      "abstract": "Value sensitive design is a new method to embed moral value into the design process and possesses broad research prospects. However, there is a gap between the industrial application and the practical application of VSD since its practical application focuses on human-computer interaction and medical ethics. In this paper, the conceptual, empirical, and technical investigation of VSD are analyzed, and the feasibility of VSD for production line design is demonstrated. It was applied to the production line design process in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. Then, specific design issues such as environmental sustainability and safety are solved by analyzing the value demands of stakeholders and balancing the value tension. Thus, the human value of the production line becomes more sensitive, and the value conflict between natural and technical artifact is alleviated. In this process, we reflect on the design problems to be solved and obtain valuable opinions, enabling VSD to better adapt to the industrial production line design.",
      "doi": "10.4018/IJT.291550",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.291550",
      "issn": "1947-3451",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "13",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IGI Global",
      "issue_date": "Oct 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Analysis of Production Line Project Based on Value Sensitive Design",
      "author": "Kong, Lu and Li, Jihua",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.4018/IJT.291550",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s11023-020-09537-4": {
      "keywords": "Norms, Artificial agent, Sociotechnical system, Multi-agent system, Artificial intelligence, Institution, Ethics, Values, Value embedding",
      "numpages": "25",
      "pages": "385–409",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Minds Mach.",
      "abstract": "Organizations such as the EU High-Level Expert Group on AI and the IEEE have recently formulated ethical principles and (moral) values that should be adhered to in the design and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). These include respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, fairness, transparency, explainability, and accountability. But how can we ensure and verify that an AI system actually respects these values? To help answer this question, I propose an account for determining when an AI system can be said to embody certain values. This account understands embodied values as the result of design activities intended to embed those values in such systems. AI systems are here understood as a special kind of sociotechnical system that, like traditional sociotechnical systems, are composed of technical artifacts, human agents, and institutions but—in addition—contain artificial agents and certain technical norms that regulate interactions between artificial agents and other elements of the system. The specific challenges and opportunities of embedding values in AI systems are discussed, and some lessons for better embedding values in AI systems are drawn.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s11023-020-09537-4",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09537-4",
      "issn": "0924-6495",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "30",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Sep 2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Embedding Values in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems",
      "author": "van de Poel, Ibo",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s11023-020-09537-4",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1186/s13673-016-0085-y": {
      "keywords": "Pervasive trust, Value sensitive design, Reality mining, Socio-technical systems",
      "numpages": "16",
      "articleno": "85",
      "month": "dec",
      "journal": "Hum.-Centric Comput. Inf. Sci.",
      "abstract": "Value sensitive design is driven by the motivation of making social and moral values central to the development of ICT systems. Among the most challenging concerns when imparting shared values like accountability, transparency, liberty, fairness and trust into information technology are reliable and comprehensive formal and computational models of those values. This paper, educated by trust theories and models from cognitive science, social sciences and artificial intelligence, proposes a novel stochastic computational model of trust, encapsulating abstractions of human cognitive capabilities and empirically evidenced social interaction patterns. Qualitative and quantitative features of trust are identified, upon which our formal model is phrased. Reality mining methods are used to validate the model based on a real life community dataset. We analyze the time-varying dynamics of the interaction and communication patterns of the community, consider varying types of relationships as well as their symmetry. Social network data analysis shows that our model better fits the evolved friendships compared to a well designed synthetic trust model, which is used as the baseline.",
      "doi": "10.1186/s13673-016-0085-y",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-016-0085-y",
      "issn": "2192-1962",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "7",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "issue_date": "December  2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "Trust Reality-Mining: Evidencing the Role of Friendship for Trust Diffusion",
      "author": "Farrahi, Katayoun and Zia, Kashif",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1186/s13673-016-0085-y",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-54455-3_10": {
      "location": "Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia",
      "keywords": "Digital data, Insider threat, Outsourced employee",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "137–148",
      "booktitle": "Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2020 International Workshops, AsiaUSEC, CoDeFi, VOTING, and WTSC, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, February 14, 2020, Revised Selected Papers",
      "abstract": "There is an increased need for information systems to be protected against unauthorized access and retrieval, particularly from legitimate ‘insider’ outsourced employees. While most studies have focused on organisations’ employees as threats, only a few have focused on the role the outsourced employees’ play as a potential threat. The study seeks to investigate the insider threat behaviour of an outsourced employee in developing countries as security threats to information systems by virtue of their privileged access. The study is quantitative and adopts social bond and involvement theories for this purpose. The research sample was chosen from organisations in Nigeria and South Africa which are the largest two national economies in Africa. Close-ended questionnaires were used and the data were analysed using factor analysis. The study found that outsourced employees exploit information systems vulnerabilities because they are not actively involved in the organisation and lack moral values and beliefs. The findings of this study will assist organisations in developing countries to mitigate the information security threats posed by outsourced employees.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-54455-3_10",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54455-3_10",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-54454-6",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Behaviour of Outsourced Employees as Sources of Information System Security Threats",
      "author": "Oyebisi, David and Njenga, Kennedy",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-54455-3_10",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28103841": {
      "note": "AAI28103841",
      "abstract": "The present research provides support for Affective Norm Theory (ANT), a new theory proposing that cultural context and situational norms interact to define both what is considered an appropriate affective display, and how observers respond to affective norm violations, or instances where the affect a person displays is inconsistent with both situational norms and observer expectations. A series of studies supports the hypotheses put forward by ANT: that in European American cultural contexts, (H1) observers notice affective deviance and (H2) negatively evaluate individuals who display deviant affect, that (H3) one reason affective displays are so powerful is because observers can use deviant displays to draw inferences about moral values, and that (H4) observers narrow the range of affective expressions they find appropriate in response to a stimulus when they interpret it as having moral content. Discussion focuses on the role of beliefs about the meaning of affective displays, individual difference measures, and the importance of gender and cultural context in defining and understanding affective norms and expectations.",
      "address": "Stanford, CA, USA",
      "publisher": "Stanford University",
      "isbn": "9798662478510",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "Affective Norms, Deviance, and Moral Judgment",
      "advisor": "Beno\\^{\\i}t, Monin, and James, Gross, and Ling, Tsai, Jeanne",
      "author": "Szczurek, Lauren",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28103841",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10458-021-09543-5": {
      "keywords": "User study, Explainable agent, Multiuser privacy, Agent-based simulations",
      "numpages": "45",
      "month": "apr",
      "journal": "Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems",
      "abstract": "Multiuser Privacy (MP) concerns the protection of personal information in situations where such information is co-owned by multiple users. MP is particularly problematic in collaborative platforms such as online social networks (OSN). In fact, too often OSN users experience privacy violations due to conflicts generated by other users sharing content that involves them without their permission. Previous studies show that in most cases MP conflicts could be avoided, and are mainly due to the difficulty for the uploader to select appropriate sharing policies. For this reason, we present ELVIRA, the first fully explainable personal assistant that collaborates with other ELVIRA agents to identify the optimal sharing policy for a collectively owned content. An extensive evaluation of this agent through software simulations and two user studies suggests that ELVIRA, thanks to its properties of being role-agnostic, adaptive, explainable and both utility- and value-driven, would be more successful at supporting MP than other approaches presented in the literature in terms of (i) trade-off between generated utility and promotion of moral values, and (ii) users’ satisfaction of the explained recommended output.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10458-021-09543-5",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-021-09543-5",
      "issn": "1387-2532",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "36",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Apr 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "An Explainable Assistant for Multiuser Privacy",
      "author": "Mosca, Francesca and Such, Jose",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10458-021-09543-5",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28026140": {
      "note": "AAI28026140",
      "abstract": "Personality disorder diagnostic concepts are plagued by controversy, vague nosology, and weak empirical data. Nonetheless, personality disorders are diagnosed with astounding frequency and ubiquity and with substantial consequences for patients. In this dissertation, I draw from ethics, philosophy of medicine, history of philosophy, and aesthetics to explain how personality disorders remain tenacious, compelling concepts despite their weaknesses. An extended philosophical examination of personality disorder concepts demonstrates that these diagnoses are indebted to medical, moral, and aesthetic values. I further argue that personality disorder concepts approximate diagnoses of the self. Therefore psychiatry, in diagnosing personality disorders, articulates a thin moral consensus regarding modern, Western selfhood that is indebted to a particular history of ethical, theistic, scientific, and aesthetic commitments. My research demonstrates the radical cultural specificity of personality pathology. Furthermore, efforts to reduce personality disorder nosology to the strictly scientific are doomed to failure because they inappropriately truncate our concept of self. Rather than denying the value-ladenness of personality pathology, I argue that psychiatry ought to embrace its aesthetic and moral values as potential (albeit dangerously powerful) resources for care and healing.",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Saint Louis University",
      "isbn": "9798664771626",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Disorder and Beauty: Personality Pathology, Aesthetics, and New Ethical Resources in the Practice of Psychiatry",
      "advisor": "P, Bishop, Jeffrey",
      "author": "Bach, Michelle C. and Kornu, Kimbell and Kinghorn, Warren",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28026140",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-319-07863-2_11": {
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "99–108",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Knowledge in Applications and Services - Volume 8522",
      "abstract": "An education material for training regarding robot literacy has been developed. Robot literacy means an ability to have appropriate relationships with intelligent robots. It can be considered as a kind of media literacy because robots can transmit the designers' intentions to the users. People who were born on and after the Internet appearance called \"digital natives.\" They have novel moral values and behave different way from old generation people in the Internet societies. These facts cause several troubles between the two generations. Thus, the necessity for media literacy education has increased. These days, as same as the Internet technologies, robotics technologies are also advancing rapidly. It is forecasted that the people who is growing on and after home robots have become popular, \"robot native,\" will appear. As same as media literacy education, robot literacy education for robot native also ought to become important in the future. In this paper, a card game as a robot literacy education material for elementary/junior hi schoolers' is proposed. The players can learn critical thinking for home appliance robots during enjoying the game.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-07863-2_11",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07863-2_11",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "9783319078625",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "Developing an Education Material for Robot Literacy",
      "author": "Suto, Hidetsugu and Sakamoto, Makiba",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-319-07863-2_11",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-022-09655-w": {
      "keywords": "Virtual harm, Computer game ethics, Ethics and technology, Gamer’s Dilemma, Videogame ethics",
      "numpages": "13",
      "month": "jul",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Intuitively, many people seem to hold that engaging in acts of virtual murder in videogames is morally permissible, whereas engaging in acts of virtual child molestation is morally impermissible. The Gamer’s Dilemma (Luck in Ethics Inf Technol 11:31–36, 2009) challenges these intuitions by arguing that it is unclear whether there is a morally relevant difference between these two types of virtual actions. There are two main responses in the literature to this dilemma. First, attempts to resolve the dilemma by defending an account of the relevant moral differences between virtual murder and virtual child molestation. Second, attempts to dissolve the dilemma by undermining the intuitions that ground it. In this paper, we argue that a narrow version of the Gamer’s Dilemma seems to survive attempts to resolve or dissolve it away entirely, since neither approach seems to be able to solve the dilemma for all cases. We thus provide a contextually sensitive version of the dilemma that more accurately tracks onto the intuitions of gamers. However, we also argue that the intuitions that ground the narrow version of the Dilemma may not have a moral foundation, and we put forward alternative non-moral normative foundations that seem to better account for the remaining intuitive difference between the two types of virtual actions. We also respond to proposed solutions to the Gamer’s Dilemma in novel ways and set out areas for future empirical work in this area.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-022-09655-w",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-022-09655-w",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "24",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Sep 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Resisting the Gamer’s Dilemma",
      "author": "Montefiore, Thomas and Formosa, Paul",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-022-09655-w",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI27957660": {
      "note": "AAI27957660",
      "abstract": "This dissertation sought to test the psychometric validity of assessing adolescent moral intuitions using the Character Foundations Survey (CFS). The CFS was developed using a theoretical structure based on moral foundations theory (MFT), and previous research validated its use in assessing adult populations. Results presented here suggest the CFS was able to only partially capture the structure of moral intuitions in early adolescents. MFT factors of animal physical, autonomy, and loyalty retained their structure while ratings of other items seemed to be more influenced by affective factors rather than the categorical domain distinctions that characterized the structure of adult moral intuitions. A new instrument was developed based on these three factors, the 3-Factor Character Foundations Survey (CFS-3). A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to search for latent factor mean differences between several age and sex groups using the CFS-3. Results indicated that 11–12-year-old females had higher factor means in all three latent factors when compared to 11–12-year-old males. Eleven-12-year-old males showed no difference in latent factor means when compared to 13–14-year-old males. However, the latent factor mean of the loyalty factor of 13–14-year-old females was significantly less than the latent factor mean of 11–12-year-old females—resulting in no difference in latent factor mean between 13–14-year-old females and 13–14-year-old males in that factor. Thirteen-14-year-old females retained higher latent factor means in the animal physical and autonomy factors when compared to 13–14-year-old males. An attempt is made to explain these results based on theory from adolescent moral development research, and possible future directions are discussed.",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "University of Kansas",
      "isbn": "9798662403864",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Assessing the Structure of Moral Intuitions in Early Adolescence",
      "advisor": "David, Hansen,",
      "author": "Bretl, Brandon L. and Frey, Bruce and Orosco, Michael and Fiorentino, Roberty and Templin, Jonathan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI27957660",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3531146.3533192": {
      "series": "FAccT '22",
      "location": "Seoul, Republic of Korea",
      "keywords": "Datasets, Dataset curation, Dataset documentation, Datasheets",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "1350–1361",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency",
      "abstract": "This paper contains images and descriptions that are offensive in nature.Large datasets underlying much of current machine learning raise serious issues concerning inappropriate content such as offensive, insulting, threatening, or might otherwise cause anxiety. This calls for increased dataset documentation, e.g., using datasheets. They, among other topics, encourage to reflect on the composition of the datasets. So far, this documentation, however, is done manually and therefore can be tedious and error-prone, especially for large image datasets. Here we ask the arguably “circular” question of whether a machine can help us reflect on inappropriate content, answering Question 16 in Datasheets. To this end, we propose to use the information stored in pre-trained transformer models to assist us in the documentation process. Specifically, prompt-tuning based on a dataset of socio-moral values steers CLIP to identify potentially inappropriate content, therefore reducing human labor. We then document the inappropriate images found using word clouds, based on captions generated using a vision-language model. The documentations of two popular, large-scale computer vision datasets—ImageNet and OpenImages—produced this way suggest that machines can indeed help dataset creators to answer Question 16 on inappropriate image content.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3531146.3533192",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533192",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450393522",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Can Machines Help Us Answering Question 16 in Datasheets, and In Turn Reflecting on Inappropriate Content?",
      "author": "Schramowski, Patrick and Tauchmann, Christopher and Kersting, Kristian",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3531146.3533192",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1080/13600834.2012.678653": {
      "keywords": "liability of internet service providers, tort liability law, human flesh search, right to reputation, liability of net users, right to privacy",
      "numpages": "19",
      "pages": "127–145",
      "month": "jun",
      "journal": "Inf. Commun. Technol. Law",
      "abstract": "It cannot be denied that the Internet continues to have a significant impact on the social, cultural, commercial and political aspect of everyday life. While it can be said that the impact is generally positive, a phenomenon has arisen where the technology can be used to publicly shame, harass and humiliate a person with devastating effects. This article examines the increasing use of human flesh search as a valve for the community in China to express dissatisfaction over local injustices and to enforce social norms and moral values. It then discusses such use can lead to an infringement of privacy. This article continues by analysing the landmark Beijing Court's decision in &lt;italic&gt;Wang Fei &lt;roman&gt;v.&lt;/roman&gt; Zhang Leyi, Daqi.com and Tianya.com&lt;/italic&gt;. The case is significant as in that not only is the case the first case that recognizes human flesh search and its impact on mainstream society but it also provides judicial recognition of Chinese citizens' right to privacy. Finally, this article considers the right to privacy and reputation as well as the liabilities that can arise under the recently enacted Chinese Tort Law.",
      "doi": "10.1080/13600834.2012.678653",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2012.678653",
      "issn": "1360-0834",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "21",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Routledge",
      "issue_date": "June 2012",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "Online Vigilante Justice Chinese Style and Privacy in China",
      "author": "Ong, Rebecca",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1080/13600834.2012.678653",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28132146": {
      "note": "AAI28132146",
      "abstract": "This thesis examines the impact of microcredit on women's livelihoods and relationships in Offinso, an Asante town in Ghana. Based on thirteen months of ethnographic fieldwork, it offers a detailed exploration of the various aspects of women's experience of microcredit. The main argument is that microcredit is predicated on the notion of obligation. The evidence suggests that women's involvement in economic activity, the nature of their relationships with lending institutions, and the outcomes of their interactions within the household, all involve the balancing of obligations to different persons and groups at the same time. Conceptualising women's economic choices in terms of their obligations enables a better understanding of the pragmatic economic choices of the recipients of microcredit. However, the reference to obligation does not imply a total subordination of the individual to social control or moral order. Rather, individuals act in pursuit of their own ethical projects. Indeed, the economic choices of women are sometimes geared towards expanding their freedoms to act in ways that are contrary to traditional moral values about things like marriage and female modesty. This thesis therefore highlights the coexistence of moral obligation and ethical self-formation in the economic conduct of women.",
      "publisher": "University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Dealing with Obligations : Debt, Microcredit and Gender Relations in Matrilineal Offinso",
      "author": "Salifu, Jovia Haruna",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28132146",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/1625275.1625477": {
      "series": "IJCAI'07",
      "location": "Hyderabad, India",
      "numpages": "6",
      "pages": "1245–1250",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence",
      "abstract": "We investigate legal and philosophical notions of privacy in the context of artificial agents. Our analysis utilizes a normative account of privacy that defends its value and the extent to which it should be protected: privacy is treated as an interest with moral value, to supplement the legal claim that privacy is a legal right worthy of protection by society and the law. We argue that the fact that the only entity to access my personal data (such as email) is an artificial agent is irrelevant to whether a breach of privacy has occurred. What is relevant are the capacities of the agent: what the agent is both able and empowered to do with that information. We show how concepts of legal agency and attribution of knowledge gained by agents to their principals are crucial to understanding whether a violation of privacy has occurred when artificial agents access users' personal data. As natural language processing and semantic extraction used in artificial agents become increasingly sophisticated, so the corporations that deploy those agents will be more likely to be attributed with knowledge of their users' personal information, thus triggering significant potential legal liabilities.",
      "address": "San Francisco, CA, USA",
      "publisher": "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.",
      "year": "2007",
      "title": "Privacy and Artificial Agents, or, is Google Reading My Email?",
      "author": "Chopra, Samir and White, Laurence",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/1625275.1625477",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1023/B:ETIN.0000006946.01426.26": {
      "keywords": "privacy, ethics, surveillance, bodily integrity, Information and Communication Technologies, Closed-Circuit TeleVision",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "151–162",
      "month": "dec",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "At the most mundane level, CCTV\nobserves bodies, and as such attaches great\nimportance to the specific features of the\nhuman body. At the same time, however, bodies\ntend to disappear, as they are represented\nelectronically by the camera monitors and, in\nthe case of image recording, by the computer\nsystems processing data. The roles of bodies\n(either as targets of surveillance or as\ntranslations into flows of disembodied\ninformation), however, are not unimportant or\ninconsequential, but may in fact give rise to a\nnumber of tangible ethical dilemmas. Firstly,\nthe virtual representation of the embodied\nactor is not a neutral, unproblematic process.\nBody representation techniques such as CCTV\nproduce constructions of the subject that\ninvolve judgmental, discriminatory processes of\ncategorisation and are based on asymmetrical\nrelations between observers and observed.\nSecondly, the `data doubles' are not\ninconsequential: the representations of the\nbody produced by CCTV can have palpable\nconsequences for the embodied self and its life\nchances. The widespread use of CCTV could\ntherefore give rise to individual as well as\nsocial issues, and possibly in a different\nmanner than previous surveillance technologies.\nThis fact signals the need for\n(re-)conceptualisations of moral values (such\nas privacy) applicable to the case of CCTV\nwhich take into account the importance of\nbodily protections.",
      "doi": "10.1023/B:ETIN.0000006946.01426.26",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ETIN.0000006946.01426.26",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "5",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "2003",
      "year": "2003",
      "title": "Observing Bodies. Camera Surveillance and the Significance of the Body",
      "author": "Dubbeld, Lynsey",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1023/B:ETIN.0000006946.01426.26",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s00146-021-01155-7": {
      "keywords": "Value embedding in artifacts, Value sensitive design, Affordances",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "239–248",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "AI Soc.",
      "abstract": "In this paper I critically evaluate the value neutrality thesis regarding technology, and find it wanting. I then introduce the various ways in which artifacts can come to influence moral value, and our evaluation of moral situations and actions. Here, following van de Poel and Kroes, I introduce the idea of value sensitive design. Specifically, I show how by virtue of their designed properties, artifacts may come to embody values. Such accounts, however, have several shortcomings. In agreement with Michael Klenk, I raise epistemic and metaphysical issues with respect to designed properties embodying value. The concept of an affordance, borrowed from ecological psychology, provides a more philosophically fruitful grounding to the potential way(s) in which artifacts might embody values. This is due to the way in which it incorporates key insights from perception more generally, and how we go about determining possibilities for action in our environment&nbsp;specifically. The affordance account&nbsp;as it is presented by Klenk,&nbsp;however, is insufficient. I therefore argue that we understand affordances based on whether they are meaningful, and, secondly, that we grade them based on their force.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s00146-021-01155-7",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01155-7",
      "issn": "0951-5666",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "37",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "issue_date": "Mar 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Artifacts and Affordances: From Designed Properties to Possibilities for Action",
      "author": "Tollon, Fabio",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s00146-021-01155-7",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10639-005-6745-6": {
      "keywords": "discourse about ICT, ethics, teacher practices, educational policy, teacher evaluation",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "21–32",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Education and Information Technologies",
      "abstract": "The \"failure\" of educational computing is often attributed to deficiencies of practice: resisting teachers and lack of will, competence and sincerity on behalf of the teaching profession. But the complexity of school life and teachers' work has been underestimated by the entrepreneurs of educational computing. Theoretically there is a need to approach this area from a different angle. We will suggest there is a need to reframe the issue of ICT in schools with educational policy and discourse with education, rather than with technology in mind. In order to reach that goal there is a need to inculcate \"technology\" as an ordinary part of teachers' vocabulary about their own work and as a part of their professional ethos. Teachers need to examine the moral values inherent in their practices and use those values as bases for debate. Not taking up these issues and instead adopting defensive stances is dangerous to the profession. The danger is that defensiveness can be seen by others outside the school as rigidity and play into the hands of those who are impatient with teachers. It would serve teachers well if they had a more robust ability to communicate the nature of the difficulties they face and how they deal with them.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10639-005-6745-6",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-005-6745-6",
      "issn": "1360-2357",
      "number": "1–2",
      "volume": "10",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "January   2005",
      "year": "2005",
      "title": "Visions for ICT, Ethics and the Practice of Teachers",
      "author": "Nordkvelle, Yngve Troye and Olson, John",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10639-005-6745-6",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/3292941.3292945": {
      "numpages": "22",
      "pages": "277–298",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Int. J. Web Eng. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Work values aid not only in selecting an occupation or job but also in understanding workers' expectations for their ideal job. Thus, work values are extremely important in the career-development process. Research is necessary because vocational high school students enrol on schemes for personal career development as preparation for entering the workplace, and understanding work values should be an essential part of that preparation. A reliable and valid work-values scale for vocational high school students WVSVS was developed using data from the Survey Research Data Archive at Taiwanese Academia Sinica. The data were derived from 1,710 subjects divided into three sample groups of 570. Data from the first sample group was used for exploratory factor analysis, the second for confirmatory factor analysis and the third as a verification sample for cross-validation. The WVSVS was scored for three work values extrinsic, intrinsic and concomitant values: Extrinsic work values directly describe income, workplace, lifestyle and co-workers; intrinsic work values describe achievement, intellectual stimulation, advancement and interesting work; and concomitant work values explain responsibility, social service and moral values. The WVSVS could be used by teachers for guiding and understanding vocational high school students' work values in preparation for entering the workplace.",
      "issn": "1476-1289",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "13",
      "address": "Geneva 15, CHE",
      "publisher": "Inderscience Publishers",
      "issue_date": "January 2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "The Development and Validation of a Work-Values Scale for Vocational High School Students",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.5555/3292941.3292945",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3425329.3425347": {
      "series": "WSSE '20",
      "location": "Chengdu, China",
      "keywords": "China's Junior High Schools, Chinese Textbooks, Analysis Framework, Value Orientation",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "151–154",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2nd World Symposium on Software Engineering",
      "abstract": "This paper analyzes the value orientation framework of junior high school Chinese Language textbooks. The value orientation framework is designed to examine three major dimensions of human relationships, namely, \"man and himself\", \"man and society\", and \"man and nature\". The aim of the framework is to evaluate the themes in junior high Chinese textbooks. The classification of moral value orientation reveals that China's national guidelines paid significant attention to the cultivation of students' morality, aesthetics, and appreciation of nature. Nonetheless, the researcher noticed that but there was a lack of themes such as the virtue of thriftiness, emphasis on innovation, and the concept of ecological sustainability. Moreover, the interpretation of the value orientation in these textbooks lacks contemporaneity. Furthermore, hot topics such as the inequality between men and women, which is prevalent in certain provincial and rural areas of China were also not listed in the national guidelines on junior high textbooks The discussion, which is stemmed from an analysis of the framework derived from \"The Compulsory Education Chinese Curriculum Standards (2011 edition)\", and the \"Core Competence in Chinese Student Development (revised in 2016)\" is believed to be good references to all educational stakeholders, especially the curriculum panels of China's junior high textbooks.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3425329.3425347",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3425329.3425347",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450387873",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Analysis of Value Orientation Framework of Junior High Chinese Textbooks",
      "author": "Shanxiu, He and Kuek, Florence",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3425329.3425347",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-77431-8_19": {
      "keywords": "Artificial intelligence, Culture, Social media, Sex robots, Ethics",
      "numpages": "16",
      "pages": "295–310",
      "booktitle": "Culture and Computing. Design Thinking and Cultural Computing: 9th International Conference, C&amp;C 2021, Held as Part of the 23rd HCI International Conference, HCII 2021, Virtual Event, July 24–29, 2021, Proceedings, Part II",
      "abstract": "Issues relating to ethics and how moral principles evolve are imminently engrained in culture. Culture and technology cannot be separated from one another, as both are processes and reflections of social cognition and experience through action and practice. Technology is the embodiment of values and enabler of culture. As technology develops and human relationships to information technology (IT) become ever more intricate and intimate the cultural framework underpinning values and ethics also morphs. The Internet is everywhere and humans are reliant on it for everything from banking to maintaining family relationships. Anything an individual could possibly desire can be found within the masses of information and websites. The Internet has made access to domains that were either rare luxury or forbidden seemingly easy, convenient and free. What was once considered taboo and hedonic indulgence is now not only openly available, but widely accepted within popular Western culture. This paper concentrates on the topic of technosexuality, Internet facilitated sexual encounters, technologically enabled sex, and ideas around ethics and changing moral values. We refer to ‘ethical stance’ as a reflection of the socio-psychological positioning of humans in relation to their moral views and understandings. This is a theoretical paper that draws on contemporary examples from dating Apps and embodied technology (sex robots) in light of current discourse expressed in public online media.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-77431-8_19",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77431-8_19",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-77430-1",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Ethical Stance and Evolving Technosexual Culture – A Case for Human-Computer Interaction",
      "author": "Rousi, Rebekah",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-77431-8_19",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3456887.3457096": {
      "series": "CIPAE 2021",
      "location": "Ottawa, ON, Canada",
      "numpages": "4",
      "pages": "888–891",
      "booktitle": "2021 2nd International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education",
      "abstract": "Morality and music are the embodiment of people's life thoughts. Pursuing the unity of virtue is of great significance to the ideological and political (IAP) work of college students. The study of college students 'moral standards and behaviors is inseparable from the understanding of college students' aesthetic judgment and aesthetic concepts, the essence of beauty and the aesthetic relationship between college students and reality, and the understanding of nature. Moral values and moral ideals For young college students, only by understanding and loving beauty can they realize the moral pursuit of beauty and consciously create beauty according to the laws of beauty. This article aims to study the role of music education based on big data in promoting ideological and moral education of college students. In terms of methods, by establishing the status of music education in the comprehensive development education of college students, the role of music education in the IAP education of college students can be improved. Attention to the influence of the environment makes it easier for college students to accept IAP education. After preliminary screening, 500 students from multiple universities were surveyed, and 426 valid questionnaires were returned. It is concluded that less than half of the students are interested in ideological education and music. 82.6% of students think that music education promotes ideological and moral education.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3456887.3457096",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3456887.3457096",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450389969",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "The Promotion of Music Education Based on Big Data to the Ideological and Moral Education of College Students",
      "author": "Cui, Yong",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3456887.3457096",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.chb.2023.107911": {
      "keywords": "Embodied experience, Interpretation-reflection loop, Virtual embodiment, Virtual reality, Social cohesion",
      "numpages": "13",
      "month": "nov",
      "journal": "Comput. Hum. Behav.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2023.107911",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107911",
      "issn": "0747-5632",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "148",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Nov 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Virtual Reality Supports Perspective Taking in Cultural Heritage Interpretation",
      "author": "Lucifora, Chiara and Schembri, Massimiliano and Poggi, Francesco and Grasso, Giorgio M. and Gangemi, Aldo",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.chb.2023.107911",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3461702.3462621": {
      "series": "AIES '21",
      "location": "Virtual Event, USA",
      "keywords": "ethics of AI, algorithmic fairness, incommensurable values, individual fairness",
      "numpages": "11",
      "pages": "480–490",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society",
      "abstract": "One of the main lines of research in algorithmic fairness involves individual fairness (IF) methods. Individual fairness is motivated by an intuitive principle, similar treatment, which requires that similar individuals be treated similarly. IF offers a precise account of this principle using distance metrics to evaluate the similarity of individuals. Proponents of individual fairness have argued that it gives the correct definition of algorithmic fairness, and that it should therefore be preferred to other methods for determining fairness. I argue that individual fairness cannot serve as a definition of fairness. Moreover, IF methods should not be given priority over other fairness methods, nor used in isolation from them. To support these conclusions, I describe four in-principle problems for individual fairness as a definition and as a method for ensuring fairness: (1) counterexamples show that similar treatment (and therefore IF) are insufficient to guarantee fairness; (2) IF methods for learning similarity metrics are at risk of encoding human implicit bias; (3) IF requires prior moral judgments, limiting its usefulness as a guide for fairness and undermining its claim to define fairness; and (4) the incommensurability of relevant moral values makes similarity metrics impossible for many tasks. In light of these limitations, I suggest that individual fairness cannot be a definition of fairness, and instead should be seen as one tool among several for ameliorating algorithmic bias.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3461702.3462621",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462621",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450384735",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "What's Fair about Individual Fairness?",
      "author": "Fleisher, Will",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3461702.3462621",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-022-09675-6": {
      "keywords": "Innovation, Conceptual engineering, Control, Freedom, Design and values, Value sensitive design",
      "numpages": "12",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Politicians and engineers are increasingly realizing that values are important in the development of technological artefacts. What is often overlooked is that different conceptualizations of these abstract values lead to different design-requirements. For example, designing social media platforms for deliberative democracy sets us up for technical work on completely different types of architectures and mechanisms than designing for so-called liquid or direct forms of democracy. Thinking about Democracy is not enough, we need to design for the proper conceptualization of these values. As we see it, we cannot responsibly engineer and innovate and shape technology in accordance with our moral values without engaging in systematic and continuous conceptual engineering: This is not only an academic, or theoretical issue, it is also not simply an issue for public policy or politics, or regulators, it has become a central problem for engineering and the world of technology. In this paper, we present a framework for doing the necessary conceptual work in the context of requirement engineering. We draw on the literature on conceptual engineering to lay out a methodology to (1) assess different conceptions and (2) to develop new conceptions. Moreover, we integrate this methodology with extant approaches in the philosophy of technology which aim at designing technological artefacts ethically. In the final section we apply this integrated framework to freedom in the context of social media networks.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-022-09675-6",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-022-09675-6",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "25",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Mar 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Design for Values and Conceptual Engineering",
      "author": "Veluwenkamp, Herman and van den Hoven, Jeroen",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-022-09675-6",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3232078.3232238": {
      "series": "ECCE '18",
      "location": "Utrecht, Netherlands",
      "keywords": "autonomous systems, Cognitive ergonomics, control",
      "numpages": "8",
      "articleno": "2",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics",
      "abstract": "Recent progress in Artificial Intelligence, sensing and network technology, robotics, and (cloud) computing has enabled the development of intelligent autonomous machine systems. Telling such autonomous systems \"what to do\" in a responsible way, is a non-trivial task. For intelligent autonomous machines to function in human society and collaborate with humans, we see three challenges ahead affecting meaningful control of autonomous systems. First, autonomous machines are not yet capable of handling failures and unexpected situations. Providing procedures for all possible failures and situations is unfeasible because the state-action space would explode. Machines should therefore become self-aware (self-assessment, self-management) enabling them to handle unexpected situations when they arise. This is a challenge for the computer science community. Second, in order to keep (meaningful) control, humans come into a new role of providing intelligent autonomous machines with objectives or goal functions (including rules, norms, constraints and moral values), specifying the utility of every possible outcome of actions of autonomous machines. Third, in order to be able to collaborate with humans, autonomous systems will require an understanding of (us) humans (i.e., our social, cognitive, affective and physical behaviors) and the ability to engage in partnership interactions (such as explanations of task performances, and the establishment of joint goals and work agreements). These are new challenges for the cognitive ergonomics community.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3232078.3232238",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232238",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450364492",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Telling Autonomous Systems What to Do",
      "author": "Werkhoven, Peter and Kester, Leon and Neerincx, Mark",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3232078.3232238",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s00146-020-00979-z": {
      "keywords": "Legal personhood, Gewirth, Rights, Natural law, AI",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "499–508",
      "month": "jun",
      "journal": "AI Soc.",
      "abstract": "The question of the moral status of AI and the extent to which that status ought to be recognised by societal institutions is one that has not yet received a satisfactory answer from lawyers. This paper seeks to provide a solution to the problem by defending a moral foundation for the recognition of legal personhood for AI, requiring the status to be granted should a threshold criterion be reached. The threshold proposed will be bare, noumenal agency in the Kantian sense. Agency has been identified by Alan Gewirth as the source of the rights claims of our own species and, at risk of contradiction, is a foundation that must be expanded to all agents or else we contradict the foundation of our own rights. This is something that ought to be recognised through the granting of legal personhood to all noumenal agents by any system that requires such personhood for the enforcement of rights, or else the rule restricting legal personhood cannot be seen as a valid legal norm. Having laid out the case, the paper will move on to defend this natural law conception against the narrower definition of legal personhood proposed by Bryson et al. with regards to AI. It will argue that bare agency is a sufficient, though not necessary, criterion for the ascription of legal personhood in any system that sees the status as necessary for the ascription of legal rights. The paper will conclude by analysing the proposals currently making their way through the legislatures of the UK and European Union. They will be assessed for their compatibility with the claim that a functioning legal system necessarily must recognise the legal personhood of all noumenal agents regardless of their origins, and whether they are future-proofed for the possibility that AI may meet this threshold.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s00146-020-00979-z",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00979-z",
      "issn": "0951-5666",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "36",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "issue_date": "Jun 2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Assessing Contemporary Legislative Proposals for Their Compatibility with a Natural Law Case for AI Legal Personhood",
      "author": "Jowitt, Joshua",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s00146-020-00979-z",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3516875.3516918": {
      "series": "ICLIQE '21",
      "location": "Surakarta, Indonesia",
      "numpages": "6",
      "articleno": "36",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Learning Innovation and Quality Education",
      "abstract": "Art education implemented in schools so far has not been able to become a means that can develop students' creativity optimally. Art plays a role in constructing taste, processing sensitivity, and becoming a means of self-expression. This can be the key to student success in various ways, including academic improvement. The pandemic era makes art learning done online seem conventional and less interactive. In the new normal era, teachers' strategy of inculcating moral values through art is expected to be well accepted and applied by students. This study discusses the application of art learning through games to encourage students to be more active in learning. The art learning method implemented in this study combines various art performances using the national song Bangun Pemudi Pemuda with collaborative methods (singing, drama, and games). This method was chosen to form connectivity between teachers and students, students and students, and elements of art that blend without any barriers. The type of collaborative performance used aims to test musical understanding and instill character values through the song Bangun Pemudi Pemuda. The object of this research is Kanisius Junior High School students, Temanggung. This research uses qualitative methods with field studies. The results of this study indicate the relationship between the structure of the melody, rhythm, and tone in the song can affect students' creativity and emotions, which has implications for students' character and impacts the academic side of students.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3516875.3516918",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3516875.3516918",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450386920",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Art Learning Innovations Through Collaborative Methods with the Song Bangun Pemudi Pemuda: Case Study of Kanisius Junior High School Students, Temanggung",
      "author": "Anwar Rosidy, Tony and Prasasti, Sultan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3516875.3516918",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1287/orsc.2020.1395": {
      "keywords": "sustainability/corporate, institutional void, cultural entrepreneurship, moral markets, social movements, institutional theory/logics",
      "numpages": "22",
      "pages": "433–454",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "Organization Science",
      "abstract": "While there is a growing literature on moral markets that aim to create social value through market exchange, much of it has focused on how producer activism is able to legitimate new, institutionally complex, organizational and economic forms that are inscribed with competing market and social/community logics. Much less attention has been directed towards understanding how moral markets are scaled by the entry of large, established organizations. While the scaling of moral markets entails the risk of conservative goal transformation, we still know relatively little about how moral values become embedded in markets, providing an ongoing catalyst for social value creation. Based on a five-year ethnographic study, we show how cultural entrepreneurship associated with the creation of a cross-sector partnership, legitimated local food procurement by large, established organizations, enabling the scaling of the overall market. We argue that a key aspect of their success had to do with bridging the institutional void segregating local and industrial food logics. Based on our study, we highlight how this institutional void bridging was facilitated by cultural entrepreneurship that initially focused on communications that decoupled the values and practices associated with the local food logic, and subsequently, reinfused locavore values by valorizing stories and activities that recoupled those values to food procurement practices after the institutional void was diminished. We discuss the implications of our study for research on moral markets and cultural entrepreneurship.",
      "doi": "10.1287/orsc.2020.1395",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1395",
      "issn": "1526-5455",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "32",
      "address": "Linthicum, MD, USA",
      "publisher": "INFORMS",
      "issue_date": "March-April 2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "title": "Not Just Small Potatoes: Cultural Entrepreneurship in the Moralizing of Markets",
      "author": "Hedberg, Leanne M. and Lounsbury, Michael",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1287/orsc.2020.1395",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.chb.2022.107301": {
      "keywords": "Human-robot interaction, Trust, Morality, Emotions",
      "numpages": "11",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Comput. Hum. Behav.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2022.107301",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107301",
      "issn": "0747-5632",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "134",
      "address": "NLD",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.",
      "issue_date": "Sep 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Identifying Psychological Features of Robots That Encourage and Discourage Trust",
      "author": "Plaks, Jason E. and Bustos Rodriguez, Laura and Ayad, Reem",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.chb.2022.107301",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2960587.2960607": {
      "series": "ETHICS '14",
      "location": "Chicago, Illinois",
      "keywords": "universities, ethics, ethical leadership, ethical climate, academic administration, research organizations",
      "numpages": "6",
      "articleno": "16",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the IEEE 2014 International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology",
      "abstract": "An ethical leader is one whose actions and influence processes are consistent with ethical and moral values. Research indicates the effect of the leaders' values on the ethical choices they make. Ethical leadership percolates down to shape the ethical attitudes of people at lower levels, thereby setting the ethical climate of the organization. This paper identifies the imperative for ethical leadership and the manner in which it is manifested in universities and research organizations in India, and suggests an ethical leadership framework for academic and research administrators. The central argument of this paper is that the leader's own value system, attitudes and influence strategies shape employee behavior and set the ethical tone of the organization.This paper is based on literature review and in-depth exploratory interviews with 26 key informants including institutional leaders and members of the top management and middle-level management in four universities and two research organizations in north India. The first part of our ethical leadership framework includes the dimensions of ethical leadership, while the latter part incorporates the outcomes of ethical leadership. The dimensions of ethical leadership include value orientation, attitudes and influence strategies of the leader. The outcomes of ethical leadership are discussed at three levels of organizational behavior, namely, the individual (micro), the work group (meso) and the organization (macro). This paper recommends strategies for research and education planners, policy makers and administrators to build ethical leadership amongst researchers and academics.",
      "publisher": "IEEE Press",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "The Organization is What the Leader is: An Ethical Leadership Framework for Universities and Research Organizations",
      "author": "Singh, Avantika and Rathore, Nisha",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.5555/2960587.2960607",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-010-9248-0": {
      "keywords": "Professional ethics, Software testing, Responsibility, Value, Deontology, Risk, Moral luck, Computer ethics, Virtue ethics, Consequentialism",
      "numpages": "14",
      "pages": "299–312",
      "month": "dec",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "I argue that the problem of `moral luck' is an unjustly neglected topic within Computer Ethics. This is unfortunate given that the very nature of computer technology, its `logical malleability', leads to ever greater levels of complexity, unreliability and uncertainty. The ever widening contexts of application in turn lead to greater scope for the operation of chance and the phenomenon of moral luck. Moral luck bears down most heavily on notions of professional responsibility, the identification and attribution of responsibility. It is immunity from luck that conventionally marks out moral value from other kinds of values such as instrumental, technical, and use value. The paper describes the nature of moral luck and its erosion of the scope of responsibility and agency. Moral luck poses a challenge to the kinds of theoretical approaches often deployed in Computer Ethics when analyzing moral questions arising from the design and implementation of information and communication technologies. The paper considers the impact on consequentialism; virtue ethics; and duty ethics. In addressing cases of moral luck within Computer Ethics, I argue that it is important to recognise the ways in which different types of moral systems are vulnerable, or resistant, to moral luck. Different resolutions are possible depending on the moral framework adopted. Equally, resolution of cases will depend on fundamental moral assumptions. The problem of moral luck in Computer Ethics should prompt us to new ways of looking at risk, accountability and responsibility.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-010-9248-0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-010-9248-0",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "4",
      "volume": "12",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "December  2010",
      "year": "2010",
      "title": "Moral Luck and Computer Ethics: Gauguin in Cyberspace",
      "author": "Horner, David Sanford",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-010-9248-0",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28130211": {
      "note": "AAI28130211",
      "abstract": "The task of discrimination in war is a non-static phenomenon. It changes with the character of war, which itself changes with developments in cultures, international relations, how states organise for war, innovations in doctrines, technologies and tactics etc. Fundamental changes to war's character necessitate some moral revision, and modern asymmetric conflict (MAC) is the latest fundamental change. MAC is characterised by forces from developed countries fighting unconventional, often non-state adversaries that flout moral and legal norms, and deliberately exploit immoral, unlawful and repugnant tactics. My analysis of the relevant ethics of Paul Ramsey, the US Conference of Catholic Bishops and James Turner Johnson - which, respectively, treats the form of war most similar to MAC, addresses an earlier fundamental change in the character of war, and comprises an important assessment of MAC - as well as touching on other Christian and secular contributions, discerns that there is insufficient Christian moral guidance to address the questions raised about discrimination in MAC. Thinking out of Christian just-war tradition, I focus on the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) network to expose novel ethical issues concerning discrimination in MAC. I argue that by not revealing their combatant status, those enabling the prosecution of IED attacks, and by extension broader combat functions, should lose or at least jeopardise any absolute non-combatant immunity.  I then proceed to explain how conventional forces can discriminate morally, while their irregular and less scrupulous adversaries do not. This includes enhancing the rule of double effect by exploiting predictive analytics; overcoming the enemy's erosion of non-combatant immunity and the inviolability of national borders; empowering soldiers to act discriminately through a simple, moral foundation; equalising the legal accountability of the opposing forces, rather than unfairly pursuing soldiers only from developed countries; and, finally, establishing a level of military supererogation that reflects this new form of conflict, where minimising civilian casualties is a key measure of success.",
      "publisher": "University of Oxford (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Discrimination in Modern Asymmetric Conflict : A Christian Moral Analysis",
      "author": "Gliniecki, Martin",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28130211",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/978-3-030-33749-0_33": {
      "location": "Xalapa, Mexico",
      "keywords": "Agent-based simulation, Policy-making, Policy values, Ethics in AI",
      "numpages": "16",
      "pages": "414–429",
      "booktitle": "Advances in Soft Computing: 18th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2019, Xalapa, Mexico, October 27 – November 2, 2019, Proceedings",
      "abstract": "The popularity of some recent applications of AI has given rise to some concerns in society about the risks of AI. One response to these concerns has been the orientation of scientific and technological efforts towards a responsible development of AI. This stance has been articulated from different perspectives. One is to focus on the risks associated with the autonomy of artificial entities, and one way of making this focus operational is the “value-alignment problem”&nbsp;(VAP); namely, to study how this autonomy may become provably aligned with certain moral values. With this purpose in mind, we advocate the characterisation of a problem archetype to study how values may be imbued in autonomous artificially intelligent entities. The motivation is twofold, on one hand to decompose a complex problem to study simpler elements and, on the other, the successful precedents of this artifice in analogous contexts (e.g.&nbsp;chess for cognitive AI, RoboCup for intelligent robotics). We propose to use agent-based modelling of policy-making for this purpose because policy-making (i)&nbsp;constitutes a problem domain that is rich, accessible and evocative, (ii)&nbsp;one may claim that it is an essentially value-drive process and, (iii)&nbsp;it allows for a crisp differentiation of two complementary views of VAP: imbuing values in agents and imbuing values in the social system in order to foster value-aligned behaviour of the agents that act within the system. In this paper we elaborate the former argument, propose a characterisation of the archetype and identify research lines that may be systematically studied with this archetype.",
      "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-33749-0_33",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33749-0_33",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "isbn": "978-3-030-33748-3",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "A Playground for the Value Alignment Problem",
      "author": "Perello-Moragues, Antoni and Noriega, Pablo",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1007/978-3-030-33749-0_33",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10676-019-09503-4": {
      "keywords": "Values, Big data, Circular life cycle, Design, Application, Value lists",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "209–226",
      "month": "sep",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Through the exponential growth in digital devices and computational capabilities, big data technologies are putting pressure upon the boundaries of what can or cannot be considered acceptable from an ethical perspective. Much of the literature on ethical issues related to big data and big data technologies focuses on separate values such as privacy, human dignity, justice or autonomy. More holistic approaches, allowing a more comprehensive view and better balancing of values, usually focus on either a design-based approach, in which it is tried to implement values into the design of new technologies, or an application-based approach, in which it is tried to address the ways in which new technologies are used. Some integrated approaches do exist, but typically are more general in nature. This offers a broad scope of application, but may not always be tailored to the specific nature of big data related ethical issues. In this paper we distil a comprehensive set of ethical values from existing design-based and application-based ethical approaches for new technologies and further focus these values to the context of emerging big data technologies. A total of four value lists (from techno-moral values, value-sensitive design, anticipatory emerging technology ethics and biomedical ethics) were selected for this. The integrated list consists of a total of ten values: human welfare, autonomy, non-maleficence, justice, accountability, trustworthiness, privacy, dignity, solidarity and environmental welfare. Together, this set of values provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the values that are to be taken into account for emerging big data technologies.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10676-019-09503-4",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-019-09503-4",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "21",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "Sep 2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "Reassessing Values for Emerging Big Data Technologies: Integrating Design-Based and Application-Based Approaches",
      "author": "La Fors, Karolina and Custers, Bart and Keymolen, Esther",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10676-019-09503-4",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2858036.2858423": {
      "series": "CHI '16",
      "location": "San Jose, California, USA",
      "keywords": "abortion, text analysis, political science, policy diffusion, social media, public policy",
      "numpages": "12",
      "pages": "3378–3389",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems",
      "abstract": "In the past few years an unprecedented wave of anti-abortion policies were introduced and enacted in state governments in the U.S., affecting millions of constituents. We study this rapid spread of policy change as a function of the underlying ideology of constituents. We examine over 200,000 public messages posted on Twitter surrounding abortion in the year 2013, a year that saw 82 new anti-abortion policies enacted. From these posts, we characterize people's expressions of opinion on abortion and show how these expressions align with policy change on these issues. We detail a number of ideological differences between constituents in states enacting anti versus pro-abortion policies, such as a tension between the moral values of purity versus fairness, and a differing emphasis on the fetus versus the pregnant woman. We also find significant differences in how males versus females discuss the issue of abortion, including greater emphasis on health and religion by males. Using these measures to characterize states, we can construct models to explain the spread of abortion policy from state to state and project which types of abortion policies a state will introduce. Models defining state similarity using our Twitter-based measures improved policy projection accuracy by 7.32% and 12.02% on average over geographic and poll-based ideological similarity, respectively. Additionally, models constructed from the expressions of male-only constituents perform better than models from the expressions of female-only constituents, suggesting that the ideology of men is more aligned with the recent spread of anti-abortion legislation than that of women.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2858036.2858423",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858423",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450333627",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "Gender and Ideology in the Spread of Anti-Abortion Policy",
      "author": "Zhang, Amy X. and Counts, Scott",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/2858036.2858423",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s11554-020-00975-y": {
      "keywords": "Image clustering, Digital heritage, Low-delay reconstruction, Image reconstruction, Deep learning, Image inpainting",
      "numpages": "16",
      "pages": "1911–1926",
      "month": "dec",
      "journal": "J. Real-Time Image Process.",
      "abstract": "Numerous cultural assets host a great historical and moral value, but due to their degradation, this value is heavily affected as their attractiveness is lost. One of the solutions that most heritage organizations and museums currently choose is to leverage the knowledge of art and history experts in addition to curators to recover and restore the damaged assets. This process is labor-intensive, expensive and more often results in just an assumption over the damaged or missing region. In this work, we tackle the issue of completing missing regions in artwork through advanced deep learning and image reconstruction (inpainting) techniques. Following our analysis of different image completion and reconstruction approaches, we noticed that these methods suffer from various limitations such as lengthy processing times and hard generalization when trained with multiple visual contexts. Most of the existing learning-based image completion and reconstruction techniques are trained on large datasets with the objective of retrieving the original data distribution of the training samples. However, this distribution becomes more complex when the training data is diverse making the training process difficult and the reconstruction inefficient. Through this paper, we present a clustering-based low-delay image completion and reconstruction approach which combines supervised and unsupervised learning to address the highlighted issues. We compare our technique to the current state of the art using a real-world dataset of artwork collected from various cultural institutions. Our approach is evaluated using statistical methods and a surveyed audience to better interpret our results objectively and subjectively.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s11554-020-00975-y",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-020-00975-y",
      "issn": "1861-8200",
      "number": "6",
      "volume": "17",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "issue_date": "Dec 2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Investigating Low-Delay Deep Learning-Based Cultural Image Reconstruction",
      "author": "Belhi, Abdelhak and Al-Ali, Abdulaziz Khalid and Bouras, Abdelaziz and Foufou, Sebti and Yu, Xi and Zhang, Haiqing",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s11554-020-00975-y",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.cose.2021.102544": {
      "keywords": "Online exams, Secure assessments, Academic dishonesty, Distance education, Integrity challenges, Cheating, Online education, Systematic review, Academic fraud, Assessment security",
      "numpages": "13",
      "month": "feb",
      "journal": "Comput. Secur.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.cose.2021.102544",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102544",
      "issn": "0167-4048",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "113",
      "address": "GBR",
      "publisher": "Elsevier Advanced Technology Publications",
      "issue_date": "Feb 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "A Systematic Literature Review on Online Assessment Security: Current Challenges and Integrity Strategies",
      "author": "Garg, Manika and Goel, Anita",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.cose.2021.102544",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI27736775": {
      "note": "AAI27736775",
      "abstract": "Self-control predicts moral behavior. Traditional theory explains this finding by suggesting self-control works to inhibit antisocial impulses, which everyone experiences. However, Aristotle argued that by practicing virtue, people's moral thoughts, feelings, and actions align such that they no longer experience antisocial impulses. Moreover, self-control is associated with experiences of weaker temptation and reduced conflict when selecting value-consistent choices in non-moral domains. Therefore, we suggest that, rather than increased inhibition, reductions in temptation partially account for the link between self-control and value-consistent, unselfish decisions in the moral domain. Study 1 supported the reduction hypothesis and demonstrated greater harmony among the morally-relevant thoughts, feelings, and decisions of people higher (vs. lower) in trait self-control. Study 2 (preregistered) conceptually replicated Study 1 by employing an online, behavioral measure of temptation across more numerous moral decisions: mouse tracking. Study 3 (preregistered) extended Study 2 by also examining the strategies those high in self-control employ to automatically pursue goals, here in the moral domain—namely, moral habits and the construal of immoral acts as impossible. Study 3 replicated the finding that people high (versus low) in self-control more often make unselfish choices on proscriptive (ought not) moral decisions and extended this finding to prescriptive (ought to) moral choices, but did not replicate the finding that people higher, versus low, in self-control display less moral temptation. Together, findings suggest that self-control facilitates the integration of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with moral values, and may aid the automatization of their application, consistent with Aristotle's conception of virtue.",
      "publisher": "The Florida State University",
      "isbn": "9798662466425",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "But Are They Even Tempted? Trait Self-Control Predicts Unselfish Moral Decision Making Through Reduced Temptation",
      "advisor": "Paul, Conway,",
      "author": "Maranges, Heather M. and Burdette, Amy and Maner, Jon and Plant, Elizabeth and Boot, Walter",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI27736775",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1155/2022/7868591": {
      "numpages": "12",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Sci. Program.",
      "abstract": "In today’s world, competition among countries is not just a contest of hard force, but also a contest of soft power. China has a five-thousand-year-old history and civilization, with a strong traditional moral culture at its core. The university stage is an important time for college students to develop their worldview, outlook on life, and values. In this context, excellent traditional and moral culture education plays an important role and significance in their development. College students are the country’s future builders and an important force to inherit China’s excellent moral culture. The rapid development of the modern Internet era has made the channels for college students to understand and accept the cultures of various countries more and more diverse and convenient. Actively borrowing their essence can help promote the development of Chinese culture, but we must also pay attention to active defense and resistance against the dregs of culture. This paper discusses the current situation and problems of the acceptance status of excellent traditional moral culture among college students and analyses the factors that restrict the acceptance of excellent traditional moral culture among college students to conduct a large-scale study on the acceptance status of traditional moral culture in colleges and universities. A model based on convolutional neural networks is suggested for predicting college students’ embrace of traditional moral values. By learning and describing their activities and preferences on the Internet, the model assesses and creates college students’ acceptance status for conventional moral culture. Extensive tests indicate that the suggested technique can successfully assess college students’ acceptance status for traditional moral culture, and the model’s superior performance is supported by test results.",
      "doi": "10.1155/2022/7868591",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7868591",
      "issn": "1058-9244",
      "volume": "2022",
      "address": "London, GBR",
      "publisher": "Hindawi Limited",
      "issue_date": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "The Acceptance Status of Traditional Moral Culture in Colleges and Universities Using Convolutional Neural Network",
      "author": "Liu, Bingduan and Usman, Muhammad",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1155/2022/7868591",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3487757.3490934": {
      "series": "DEFIN-2021",
      "location": "St.Petersburg, Russian Federation",
      "numpages": "5",
      "articleno": "79",
      "booktitle": "IV International Scientific and Practical Conference",
      "abstract": "The pedagogical thought of the twenty-first century addresses the pressing issues of education. The article presents an analysis of the development of the ideas in the didactic theory of general education. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the education system in Russia and to present the impact of a certain historical period on the social, cultural, and scientific attitudes of school education. The scientific novelty of the study is our classification of the content of education: classical - non-classical-post-non-classical. New approaches to the organization of the pedagogical process and the education of the cultural type of personality in it are identified. This indicates the need for the development of modern human competencies in the field of communication, the development and processing of information, and social actions. As a result of our research, we were able to identify the following. A new target for school education is being formed. It is important to form knowledge that adequate to the current level of the scientific picture of the world; to develop constructive cognitive abilities; to contribute to the development of moral values and personal meanings. The trend in understanding the content of school education and its pedagogical process is determined: from the \"transfer of the basics of science\" in the aspect of classical concepts to the personal development of the student. Thus, all these changes are now considered as social and cultural challenges to modern education, didactics as a theory and school teaching as a practice, which are designed to provide an answer based on both the traditions of Russian education and innovations.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3487757.3490934",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3487757.3490934",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450390323",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Transformation of the Pedagogical Process in the Context of Digital Education",
      "author": "Davydenko, V. and Shedina, S. and Eliseeva, E.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3487757.3490934",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2814575": {
      "keywords": "collective behavior, cultural difference, location based social networks, Cultural mapping, participatory sensing",
      "numpages": "23",
      "articleno": "30",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol.",
      "abstract": "Culture has been recognized as a driving impetus for human development. It co-evolves with both human belief and behavior. When studying culture, Cultural Mapping is a crucial tool to visualize different aspects of culture (e.g., religions and languages) from the perspectives of indigenous and local people. Existing cultural mapping approaches usually rely on large-scale survey data with respect to human beliefs, such as moral values. However, such a data collection method not only incurs a significant cost of both human resources and time, but also fails to capture human behavior, which massively reflects cultural information. In addition, it is practically difficult to collect large-scale human behavior data. Fortunately, with the recent boom in Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs), a considerable number of users report their activities in LBSNs in a participatory manner, which provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to study large-scale user behavioral data. In this article, we propose a participatory cultural mapping approach based on collective behavior in LBSNs. First, we collect the participatory sensed user behavioral data from LBSNs. Second, since only local users are eligible for cultural mapping, we propose a progressive “home” location identification method to filter out ineligible users. Third, by extracting three key cultural features from daily activity, mobility, and linguistic perspectives, respectively, we propose a cultural clustering method to discover cultural clusters. Finally, we visualize the cultural clusters on the world map. Based on a real-world LBSN dataset, we experimentally validate our approach by conducting both qualitative and quantitative analysis on the generated cultural maps. The results show that our approach can subtly capture cultural features and generate representative cultural maps that correspond well with traditional cultural maps based on survey data.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2814575",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2814575",
      "issn": "2157-6904",
      "number": "3",
      "volume": "7",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "issue_date": "April 2016",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "Participatory Cultural Mapping Based on Collective Behavior Data in Location-Based Social Networks",
      "author": "Yang, Dingqi and Zhang, Daqing and Qu, Bingqing",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1145/2814575",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.4018/ijavet.2015040104": {
      "keywords": "Thai Wisdom Teacher, Cultural Learning Processes, Lifelong Learning, Lifelong Education, Local Wisdom, Cultural Learning, Learning Society",
      "numpages": "20",
      "pages": "41–60",
      "month": "apr",
      "journal": "Int. J. Adult Vocat. Educ. Technol.",
      "abstract": "This article provides the background and concept of Thailand Lifelong Learning [LLL], even attempting a definition. The Thai LLL vision encompasses strategies for developing human qualities such as integrity, self-reliance, adaptability, resilience, and spirituality, to name a few. In some regards LLL seeks to recapture a more fully-developed perspective, on what in earlier times and places [1238 AD in Thailand], was called 'indigenous education', as it now pursues the benefits of a vibrant Learning Society. Progress of LLL in Thailand at times seems to be very slow and methodological rather than dynamic. It stems from developing a policy of learning processes for establishing solid education systems-Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal. LLL also has developed by means of garnering and integrating 'Local Wisdom' [a Thai term designating important valued human experience] into what has become known as 'cultural learning processes'. This Local Wisdom is held by 'Wisdom Teachers' and encompasses nine areas, as follows: agriculture, handicraft/cottage industry, traditional medicine, conservation of natural resources, funding/community economics, fine arts, languages/literatures, philosophy/religion/tradition, and food/nutrition. Government Organizations and Private Non-Governmental Organizations have strongly supported and have been major forces for advancing cultural learning, LLL, and what may be labeled as a 'Learning Society'. In addition, collaboration between Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok [Thailand's premier university] and Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri, USA, has helped Thai LLL advance immeasurably and move toward becoming a Learning Society from 2010 to 2015. Added to this, and provided a Model of Cultural Learning, with recommendations for improvement at the National and Community levels. It concludes with assurances toward its creating diversity within the constituencies to be served, strengthening a self-sufficient economy, solidifying moral values, and enhancing Thailand's becoming a vibrant and flourishing Lifelong Learning Society.",
      "doi": "10.4018/ijavet.2015040104",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2015040104",
      "issn": "1947-8607",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "6",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "IGI Global",
      "issue_date": "April 2015",
      "year": "2015",
      "title": "Cultural Learning Processes through Local Wisdom: A Case Study on Adult and Lifelong Learning in Thailand",
      "author": "Ratana-Ubol, Archanya and Henschke, John A.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.4018/ijavet.2015040104",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28132102": {
      "note": "AAI28132102",
      "abstract": "This thesis addresses three themes relating to climate change. The first is which types of fossil fuel to leave in the ground when they can differ in both their extraction cost and emissions rate. The analysis shows that without resource constraints there will always be use of at least one fossil fuel in the steady-state. With exhaustion constraints, any fossil fuel that has a lower extraction cost than the marginal cost of the backstop will be extracted in finite time regardless of the emissions rate. The only environmental consideration is the timing of extraction rather than leaving fossil fuel stock in the ground forever. The second theme is how altruistic concern of individuals for the well-being of others influences the socially optimal consumption levels and optimal emissions tax in a global context. If individuals have altruistic concern but believe that their consumption is negligible, they will not change their behaviour. However, non-cooperative governments maximising domestic welfare will internalise some of the damage inflicted on other countries depending on the level of altruistic concern individuals have and the cooperative optimum also changes as altruism leads individuals to effectively experience damage in other countries as well as the direct damage to them. Still, for behaviour to change, individuals need to make their decisions in a different way. The third chapter develops a new theory of moral behaviour whereby individuals balance the cost of not acting in their own self-interest against the hypothetical moral value of adopting a Kantian form of behaviour, asking what would happen if everyone else acted in the same way as they did. If individuals behave this way, then altruism matters and it may induce individuals to cut back their consumption. But nevertheless the optimal environmental tax is exactly the same as the standard Pigovian tax.",
      "publisher": "University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "Essays on Issues in Climate Change Policy",
      "author": "Daube, Marc",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28132102",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/2661714.2661715": {
      "series": "WISMM '14",
      "location": "Orlando, Florida, USA",
      "keywords": "multimedia, storytelling, big data, experiential media, sensor data, events",
      "numpages": "1",
      "pages": "1",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Internet-Scale Multimedia Management",
      "abstract": "Big data is becoming increasingly multimedia data. Storytelling is one of the oldest and the most popular activity for humans. Historically, since the early days of human existence, storytelling has been used as a means of simple communication as well as medium of entertainment, education of people, cultural preservation, and instilling moral values through examples. A story is presentation of experiences related to events. Events and their experiences are selected to communicate the intent of a story compellingly. The art of storytelling always had close relationship to technology of the time. A good story considers the message and the audience and then selects appropriate events and proper related experiential media and information to weave a compelling and engaging account of the events.There is a virtuous cycle between storytelling and the technology that is intertwined and synergistic. Historically, both have evolved together and are likely to continue evolving together in the near future. Most events of interest occur in physical world and must be captured using different sensors. Usually a single sensor is inadequate to capture diverse aspects of the event and hence the use of multiple sensors or media to capture an event and also to present event experiences for re-experiencing the events. Now we have diverse sensors to capture an event in all its details and use what will be compelling in storytelling.A good story is the result of many activities: collection of data, analysis of data, selection of events and experiences that are relevant to the message, and a compelling presentation using this material. All of these activities are active research areas in multimedia big data. We discuss different forms of storytelling as they evolved and the role of technology in different stages of storytelling. We believe that now we have powerful tools and technologies to make the art of storytelling really effective. In this presentation we will show challenges for multimedia researchers that could make storytelling very effective and very compelling.",
      "doi": "10.1145/2661714.2661715",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2661714.2661715",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450331579",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "Storytelling with Big Multimedia Data: Keynote Talk",
      "author": "Jain, Ramesh",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/2661714.2661715",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s10506-017-9194-9": {
      "numpages": "36",
      "pages": "29–64",
      "month": "mar",
      "journal": "Artif. Intell. Law",
      "abstract": "There is an increasing need for norms to be embedded in technology as the widespread deployment of applications such as autonomous driving, warfare and big data analysis for crime fighting and counter-terrorism becomes ever closer. Current approaches to norms in multi-agent systems tend either to simply make prohibited actions unavailable, or to provide a set of rules (principles) which the agent is obliged to follow, either as part of its design or to avoid sanctions and punishments. In this paper we argue for the position that agents should be equipped with the ability to reason about a system's norms, by reasoning about the social and moral values that norms are designed to serve; that is, perform the sort of moral reasoning we expect of humans. In particular we highlight the need for such reasoning when circumstances are such that the rules should arguably be broken, so that the reasoning can guide agents in deciding whether to comply with the norms and, if violation is desirable, how best to violate them. One approach to enabling this is to make use of an argumentation scheme based on values and designed for practical reasoning: arguments for and against actions are generated using this scheme and agents choose between actions based on their preferences over these values. Moral reasoning then requires that agents have an acceptable set of values and an acceptable ordering on their values. We first discuss how this approach can be used to think about and justify norms in general, and then discuss how this reasoning can be used to think about when norms should be violated, and the form this violation should take. We illustrate how value based reasoning can be used to decide when and how to violate a norm using a road traffic example. We also briefly consider what makes an ordering on values acceptable, and how such an ordering might be determined.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s10506-017-9194-9",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-017-9194-9",
      "issn": "0924-8463",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "25",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "March     2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "title": "Norms and Value Based Reasoning: Justifying Compliance and Violation",
      "author": "Bench-Capon, Trevor and Modgil, Sanjay",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s10506-017-9194-9",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28202381": {
      "note": "AAI28202381",
      "abstract": "We are living in a society in which we are all connected in one way or another; bound together in social cooperation. This thesis is primarily concerned with the terms of our cooperation and with how accounting can contribute to the justice, as fairness, of those terms. Accounting practice, and the principles that shape it, make a significant contribution to the regulation of our social relations, in the business sphere and beyond, by dictating what information should be collected and what is to be disclosed in corporate reports and how; who is to give and who is entitled to receive accounts and of what. Such reports contribute to the governance of society by providing information on which action can be taken, and by having inductive effects on the behaviour of managers and others. I maintain therefore, that accounting, has the potential to help support the development of a more just society and, a fairer system of social cooperation. This is a potential that I hope this thesis can play a part, albeit an entirely theoretical part, in helping to bring to realisation. I turn to the work of the political philosopher John Rawls to guide my consideration of justice in accounting. I use what I see as three stages in the development of Rawls thought as a framework for my analysis. The thesis is therefore divided into three main parts: Firstly, his seminal formulation A Theory of Justice Rawls develops to approach justice and justification; Secondly, the development of his thinking designed to accommodate his recognition of the implications of reasonable pluralism leading to the development of Political Liberalism, and a political conception of justice; Thirdly, the late development of Rawls thinking in response to critique, and in particular his engagement with the critical perspective of J\\\"{u}rgen Habermas, and his turn to a more discursive interpretations of his position. I find, and show, that Rawls provides us with tools that we can use to improve our thinking about justice in accounting. The potential of these tools including the method of reflective equilibrium and the device of the original position has been relatively neglected; I show that given a discursive reading these ideas can and should have an important place in critical accounting thinking. I find that strong, but thin, moral foundations are vital to our justification of concepts of justice and to critique, and I show that we can have such foundations without lapsing into traditional metaphysics. I find that following Rawls in this exploration of justice opens a new perspective on accountability, as justification and a practice of equality. He offers us ways to think about justice in accounting that are better than the utilitarian and intuitionist traditions that have held accounting practice thinking about a fair accounting in their conceptual grip; better justified and better able to account for our considered judgements.",
      "publisher": "University of Glasgow (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Justice and Justification in Accounting",
      "author": "Li, Yingru",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28202381",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28188652": {
      "note": "AAI28188652",
      "abstract": "Modern capitalism is a success for some, but not for all. The examples of the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska, Nike's sweatshops and the demise of Enron and Arthur Anderson show how irresponsible leaders prioritise corporate needs and profit ahead of society's wider interests. As a result, there is an increasing interest in higher purpose forms of leadership such as Responsible Leadership (RL) with its concern for the wider stakeholder community and ethically informed governance and management decision making. This thesis presents new empirical findings from an inductive thematic analysis of Responsible Leadership as practiced within seven organisations. The findings and subsequent conclusions were developed from a cross case analysis of twenty one interviews with the responsible leaders and their organisations' stakeholders. A process theory of responsible leadership was developed from the findings. This process details the journey of the RL participants from their early life to establishing and then growing their organisation whose primary aim was social betterment. The participant RLs studied came to responsible leadership as a result of experiences in their formative years where they had become sensitive to the plight of others less fortunate than themselves. This ultimately led to their activation in creating an organisation with the explicit aim of improving the lives of these individuals/communities. The interpretations of the constituent themes of what it is to be a responsible leader indicate that the personal moral values (e.g. universalism and benevolence) of each of the RLs studied were the cornerstone of why they had become a RL and that these values prioritised social concerns above profit. These personal values also underpinned the aims and mission of their organisation and their leadership approach. It is this personal value set that the RLs recruited employees against and where they were not present actively excluded applicants, presenting as a dichotomy with the RL espoused values of inclusivity. Other findings that emerged from the study include an emergent theory of responsible leadership that differentiates it from responsible management and further insights into the boundary of RL stakeholder inclusion. This study also expands our understanding of responsible leadership, provides insights for practice and suggests productive avenues for further investigation.",
      "publisher": "Sheffield Hallam University (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "A Process Theory of Responsible Leadership",
      "advisor": "Rory, Ridley-Duff,",
      "author": "Ellis, Mark",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28188652",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107645": {
      "keywords": "Moral distress, COVID-19, Data-driven, VR, Digital phenotyping",
      "numpages": "12",
      "month": "oct",
      "journal": "Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107645",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107645",
      "issn": "0169-2607",
      "number": "C",
      "volume": "240",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.",
      "issue_date": "Oct 2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "title": "Development of a Data-Driven Digital Phenotype Profile of Distress Experience of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic",
      "author": "Nguyen, Binh and Torres, Andrei and Espinola, Caroline W. and Sim, Walter and Kenny, Deborah and Campbell, Douglas M. and Lou, Wendy and Kapralos, Bill and Beavers, Lindsay and Peter, Elizabeth and Dubrowski, Adam and Krishnan, Sridhar and Bhat, Venkat",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107645",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2208093": {
      "abstract": "\"Videogames are the dominant art form of the 21st century. How we go about designing and creating them, what we choose to say and express with them, and how we engage with and play them, reflects and informs our behavior and broader understanding of morality and ethics. In this book, Zagal has collected a series of essays that offer an amazing array of perspectives and views. Game designers, sociologists, legal scholars, media theorists, game researchers, philosophers, and more, all offer their views and insights on varied and diverse sets of issues. Topics include potential effects of violent content in videogames, cheating and anti-social behavior, business practices in the games industry, social and cultural diversity and representation in games, moral values in games and gameplay, freedom of expression, and how games are uniquely positioned as an art form to encourage players to reflect on ethics and morality. The Videogame Ethics Reader is a unique collection of writings on videogames and ethics by leading scholars and practitioners. It includes game analyses, case studies, and thought-provoking essays that serve as a valuable companion to traditional ethics textbooks. This book provides an entry point for thinking, deliberating, and discussing ethical topics surrounding videogames and their accompanying technologies. It also serves as a springboard for examining how this relatively new medium can provide us with insights on many of the moral and ethical questions that have been with us for centuries. \" \" Dr. Jos P. Zagal is a game designer and scholar. He serves on the faculty at DePaul Universitys College of Computing and Digital Media where he teaches a variety of courses on game design and analysis, online communities, and ethics. In his research he explores the analysis, design, and use of videogames for encouraging ethical reasoning and reflection. He is also interested in supporting games literacy through the use of collaborative learning environments. His book on this topic, Ludoliteracy: Defining, Understanding, and Supporting Games Education was published in 2010. Zagal is a member of the executive board of the Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA). He has published many articles on videogames in leading journals in the field of game studies and regularly presents on these and other topics at international conferences.\"",
      "address": "San Diego, CA, USA",
      "publisher": "Cognella Academic Publishing",
      "isbn": "1609276353",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "The Videogame Ethics Reader",
      "author": "Zagal, Jos P.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "book",
      "ID": "10.5555/2208093",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/2688165.2688166": {
      "numpages": "136",
      "pages": "1–136",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Found. Trends Web Sci.",
      "abstract": "The web has evolved from a piece of software code into an interdependent techno-social system of multi-purpose functionalities. From an interlinked bulletin board with low levels of interaction, a system of multiple interlocking contexts has developed which is now responsible for a substantial share of our financial transactions. Users not only post and link digital content, but also communicate, work, advertise, and exchange information. Multi-fold social and economic interactions result in a dynamic compound of moral values and code. Web Science constitutes a systematic effort to investigate the salient features and implications of this compound by studying the web as a self-standing techno-social artifact. The economic aspects of the web are fundamental but still unexplored in this agenda. The scope of this survey article is twofold: (a) to analyze how the web economy differs from traditional settings and what the implications of these differences are and (b) to formalize a minimal common understanding on the subject of incentives and mechanisms in the web economy. Accordingly, the concept of web goods, a classification of web users and the main functions of the web economy are introduced. This effort is not, by any means, a thorough review of the economic literature related to the web. The focus is on the web as a standalone economic artifact with its own functionality and processes. Our approach is to study goods, users, models, and policies within the web perspective, hopefully contributing to the initiation of Web Economics as a field which investigates the economic motives and implications of the web. In particular, we look at how we can achieve the right balance between open access to online information while also providing proper incentives, producing content, and developing network infrastructure. Moreover, we examine how we can accelerate development by facilitating life-critical functions, transparency, and participation.WSSC Classification:\"webscience.org/2010/E.1.1.1 Goods in the web\"\"webscience.org/2010/E.1.1.2 The web economy\"\"webscience.org/2010/E.1.1.4 Antitrust Issues and Policies on the web\"\"webscience.org/2010/E.1.1.6 Web-based economic development\"\"webscience.org/2010/E.1.2.3 Advertising on the web, sponsored search\"",
      "issn": "1555-077X",
      "number": "1–2",
      "volume": "3",
      "address": "Hanover, MA, USA",
      "publisher": "Now Publishers Inc.",
      "issue_date": "January 2012",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "The Web Economy: Goods, Users, Models, and Policies",
      "author": "Vafopoulos, Michalis",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.5555/2688165.2688166",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI27830898": {
      "note": "AAI27830898",
      "abstract": "I give an account of conscience as a mental process that compares an agent's considered actions to her internalized moral norms.  The dictates of conscience sometimes conflict with both an agent's reflectively endorsed moral beliefs and the requirements of objective morality.  Despite these errors, conscience is useful as a moral heuristic that can quickly and effortless provide action-guidance in situations in which an agent is unable to deliberate or reflect.  Further, it can alert us to the fact that something morally valuable is at stake, thus prompting further reflection when the circumstances allow.  I argue that the fact that an agent acted on her conscience can affect others' moral evaluation of her actions, but that sometimes morality requires the violation of conscience.  In deciding how to act, an agent always ought to consider and properly weigh the dictates of her conscience.Discussions of freedom of conscience should be understood as referring to the subset of an agent's conscience that concerns her reflectively endorsed moral values.  I describe three closely related domains of freedom of conscience: the freedom to hold one's own moral views, the freedom to express one's conscience, and the freedom to act in accord with one's conscience.  I argue that there are moral limits to freedom within all three domains.  Other agents acting as private citizens and outside of the bounds of special relationship-based obligations are sometimes permitted to interfere with another agent's expression of conscience or conscience-based actions when doing so is necessary to prevent harm to others.  Conscience-based freedoms are highly affected by context.  Within the context of medical care, I argue that a physician is required not just to abide by the principles of medical ethics in action, but further to commit to and internalize these requirements such that they become a part of her conscience.  A physician is sometimes morally permitted to refuse to provide patients with requested medical care when doing so would violate her conscience.  However, health care institutions are permitted determine the scope of medical care that physicians may provide as a condition of their employment.",
      "publisher": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill",
      "isbn": "9798641012087",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Conscience and Its Role in Moral Life",
      "advisor": "Douglas, MacLean,",
      "author": "Brassfield, Elizabeth R. and MacKay, Douglas and Reeve, C. and Walker, Rebecca and Wolf, Susan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI27830898",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28130185": {
      "note": "AAI28130185",
      "abstract": "This thesis explores the concept of dirty hands in democracies. It argues that dirty hands are instances of moral conflicts in which some of our core moral values and commitments clash. Accepting the existence of such a clash, contrary to what some critics have argued, does not have to be irrational and we can make sense of this phenomenon irrespective of the wider beliefs about the nature of rational moral judgement that we hold. The thesis goes on to defend the view that getting one's hands dirty results in a moral remainder that can best be described as \"tragic-remorse\". Experiencing this emotional response, it is argued, fulfils important functions because it helps the agent understand what is morally required in the situation, ensures that they deliberate in the right way, and makes their behaviour intelligible to others. The thesis then goes on to argue that being confronted with a dirty hands conflict is particularly pernicious because, once faced with such a situation, it is impossible to keep our hands clean. Dirty hands therefore point us towards morality's tragic nature. The thesis then questions what this means for democratic politics. It rejects criticisms that dirty hands can, neither in theory nor in practice, be compatible with democratic politics. If dirty-handed measures can indeed be a part of democratic politics, we should then ask who gets their hands dirty and can share the moral responsibility for the dirty-handed outcome. The thesis emphasises that political leaders do not share this burden alone. They act in a complicated web of relations with other politicians and public officials and many of them will get their hands dirty as well. Additionally, it is argued, to the extent that citizens voluntarily participate in or contribute to a given dirty-handed decision or the wider democratic process, they will also share some of the dirt and moral responsibility for what their politicians do for them and in their name. The thesis concludes by arguing that dirty hands in democratic politics are not borne by a single political leader acting alone, but are shared by many in the polity.",
      "publisher": "University of Leeds (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "The Problem of Dirty Hands in Democracies",
      "author": "Nick, Christina",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28130185",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI27964771": {
      "note": "AAI27964771",
      "abstract": "In this dissertation the question addressed is the ethical protocol that should be used when enhanced, post or transhumans present themselves as patients to hospitals, or as subjects for scientific research. With the advent of the birth of four children who were genetically engineered in China to be resistant to HIV, I contend that transhumans are already here, and the prevailing Western paradigm of principlism, while good, is not adequate to the task. I explore the basic religious argument that can be used against or in favor of what I call human-directed human evolution. I show how the fears of new kinds of persons are can be traced not just to myth, but also to the genre of science fiction. I start with Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, through Star-Trek's Borg Queen, and forward to BBC America's \"Orphan Black\". The argument for moral enhancement, a concept for which Julian Savulescu argues, is examined as is Nick Bostrom's explication of superintelligence, and his joining Savulescu's call for an enhancement of moral values. Several technologies currently in use for genetic testing, and that can be used for genetic engineering will be explained. These include preimplantation genetic diagnosis and mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRT), which are used to avoid birth defects in potential offspring. CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, cloning and haploid stem cells are the technologies that not only can be used to develop specific treatment mechanisms, but they are the mechanisms that will allow humankind to engineer new kinds of persons, thus creating transhumans. From here I address the two prevailing sides of how to proceed: precaution where we move slowly trying to ascertain and prepare for any negative eventuality, and proaction where we move directly ahead after we have done all we can to prepare but opt to adjust along the way as the need arises. The ethical argument I make for the protocol that I think must be adopted does not just come from an examination of principlism. I also incorporate concepts from Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Hinduism and African philosophy. I posit that two other principles are needed: Particularity and Intrinsic Personhood.",
      "publisher": "Duquesne University",
      "isbn": "9798664724967",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "A Bioethical Paradigm for Enhanced, Post or Transhumans in Medicine and Biological Research",
      "advisor": "Joris, Gielen,",
      "author": "Williams, Roderick K. and Macgill, Gerard and Osuji, Peter",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI27964771",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1145/3351095.3372860": {
      "series": "FAT* '20",
      "location": "Barcelona, Spain",
      "keywords": "moral philosophy, self-regulation, ethics, technology ethics, regulation, AI, technology law",
      "numpages": "10",
      "pages": "210–219",
      "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency",
      "abstract": "The word 'ethics' is under siege in technology policy circles. Weaponized in support of deregulation, self-regulation or handsoff governance, \"ethics\" is increasingly identified with technology companies' self-regulatory efforts and with shallow appearances of ethical behavior. So-called \"ethics washing\" by tech companies is on the rise, prompting criticism and scrutiny from scholars and the tech community at large. In parallel to the growth of ethics washing, its condemnation has led to a tendency to engage in \"ethics bashing.\" This consists in the trivialization of ethics and moral philosophy now understood as discrete tools or pre-formed social structures such as ethics boards, self-governance schemes or stakeholder groups.The misunderstandings underlying ethics bashing are at least threefold: (a) philosophy and \"ethics\" are seen as a communications strategy and as a form of instrumentalized cover-up or fa\\c{c}ade for unethical behavior, (b) philosophy is understood in opposition and as alternative to political representation and social organizing and (c) the role and importance of moral philosophy is downplayed and portrayed as mere \"ivory tower\" intellectualization of complex problems that need to be dealt with in practice.This paper argues that the rhetoric of ethics and morality should not be reductively instrumentalized, either by the industry in the form of \"ethics washing,\" or by scholars and policy-makers in the form of \"ethics bashing.\" Grappling with the role of philosophy and ethics requires moving beyond both tendencies and seeing ethics as a mode of inquiry that facilitates the evaluation of competing tech policy strategies. In other words, we must resist narrow reductivism of moral philosophy as instrumentalized performance and renew our faith in its intrinsic moral value as a mode of knowledgeseeking and inquiry. Far from mandating a self-regulatory scheme or a given governance structure, moral philosophy in fact facilitates the questioning and reconsideration of any given practice, situating it within a complex web of legal, political and economic institutions. Moral philosophy indeed can shed new light on human practices by adding needed perspective, explaining the relationship between technology and other worthy goals, situating technology within the human, the social, the political. It has become urgent to start considering technology ethics also from within and not only from outside of ethics.",
      "doi": "10.1145/3351095.3372860",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372860",
      "address": "New York, NY, USA",
      "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "isbn": "9781450369367",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "From Ethics Washing to Ethics Bashing: A View on Tech Ethics from within Moral Philosophy",
      "author": "Bietti, Elettra",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "inproceedings",
      "ID": "10.1145/3351095.3372860",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI27543320": {
      "note": "AAI27543320",
      "abstract": "This thesis collects three papers studying topics in development and cultural economics. In Chapter 1, I study the role of culture in driving entrepreneurship. I present robust evidence that cultural groups which emphasize obedience as a moral value produce fewer entrepreneurs. First, I document this relationship at the language group level, exploiting within-country variation in group-level values. Second, I show that these group-level values continue to predict entrepreneurship rates and related occupational choices among first- and second-generation immigrants to Canada. Third, I present evidence that obedience values form as a function of values received both from parents and from the wider community during childhood.In Chapter 2, I present joint work with Limin Fang and Tongtong Hao on the effects of China's One Child Policy on the education and early labour market outcomes of those born in its wake. We present evidence from a difference-in-difference design that individuals who grew up as only children as a result of the policy obtained significantly more education than their counterparts with siblings, while early labour market outcomes were less affected. We place our results in context of the large literature on quantity-quality tradeoffs and argue that they are consistent with existing theoretical models, which allow for non-linearity in the effect of child quantity on quality.In Chapter 3, I study the effect of natural resource abundance on human development in Sub-Saharan Africa between 1970 and 2013. I use cross-section and panel IV analysis to identify the long- and short-run impacts of resource wealth on human development, measured primarily by infant mortality. I find that natural resource revenue has had zero average impact on infant mortality rates in the short run and a potentially negative impact in the long run, despite increasing budget resources and reported health spending. I further find that while democratic transitions are generally followed by a drop in infant mortality, this is not true in resource rich nations with weak constraints on power. I conclude that the pass-through of natural resource wealth to broad-based development in Africa has been weak and that electoral competition without deeper political reform is unlikely to turn things around.",
      "publisher": "University of Toronto (Canada)",
      "isbn": "9798662388970",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "Three Essays in Development and Cultural Economics",
      "advisor": "Nicholas, Li, and Daniel, Trefler,",
      "author": "Zinabou, Genet Emilie Wilma and Serafinelli, Michel",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI27543320",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102800": {
      "keywords": "Brand equity, Factor Analysis, Machine learning, Meta-combined approach, Brand marketing, Big Data",
      "numpages": "12",
      "month": "jan",
      "journal": "Inf. Process. Manage.",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102800",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102800",
      "issn": "0306-4573",
      "number": "1",
      "volume": "59",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Pergamon Press, Inc.",
      "issue_date": "Jan 2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "Machine Learning Based Customer Meta-Combination Brand Equity Analysis for Marketing Behavior Evaluation",
      "author": "Xu, Zheng and Zhu, Guiyan and Metawa, Noura and Zhou, Qingyuan",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102800",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1023/A:1021342422699": {
      "keywords": "Kant, information object, infosphere, object-oriented programming, Kingdom of Nature, intrinsic value, information ethics, Kingdom of Ends, entropy, computer ethics, respect, dignity, ontology, axiology",
      "numpages": "18",
      "pages": "287–304",
      "month": "nov",
      "journal": "Ethics and Inf. Technol.",
      "abstract": "What is the most general common set of\nattributes that characterises something as\nintrinsically valuable\nand hence as subject to some moral respect, and\nwithout which something would rightly be\nconsidered intrinsically worthless or even positively\nunworthy and therefore rightly to be\ndisrespected in itself? This\npaper develops and supports the thesis that the\nminimal condition of possibility of an entity's\nleast intrinsic value is to be identified with its\nontological status as an information object.\nAll entities, even when interpreted as only clusters of\ninformation, still have a minimal moral worth\nqua information objects and so may deserve to be respected. The\npaper is organised into four main sections.\nSection 1 models moral action as an information system\nusing the object-oriented programming\nmethodology (OOP). Section 2 addresses the question of what\nrole the several components constituting the\nmoral system can have in an ethical analysis. If they\ncan play only an instrumental role, then\nComputer Ethics (CE) is probably bound to remain at most a\npractical, field-dependent, applied or\nprofessional ethics. However, Computer Ethics can give rise to a\nmacroethical approach, namely Information\nEthics (IE), if one can show that ethical concern should be\nextended to include not only human, animal or\nbiological entities, but also information objects. The\nfollowing two sections show how this minimalist\nlevel of analysis can be achieved. Section 3 provides an\naxiological analysis of information objects. It\ncriticises the Kantian approach to the concept of\nintrinsic value and shows that it can be\nimproved by using the methodology introduced in the first section.\nThe solution of the Kantian problem prompts the\nreformulation of the key question concerning\nthe moral worth of an entity: what is the\nintrinsic value of x qua an object constituted by its\ninherited attributes? In answering this\nquestion, it is argued that entities\ncan share different observable properties\ndepending on the level of abstraction adopted,\nand that it is still possible to speak of moral value even at the\nhighest level of ontological abstraction\nrepresented by the informational analysis. Section 4 develops a\nminimalist axiology based on the concept of\ninformation object. It further supports IE's position by\naddressing five objections that may undermine\nits acceptability.",
      "doi": "10.1023/A:1021342422699",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021342422699",
      "issn": "1388-1957",
      "number": "4",
      "volume": "4",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
      "issue_date": "2002",
      "year": "2002",
      "title": "On the Intrinsic Value of Informationobjects and the Infosphere",
      "author": "Floridi, Luciano",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1023/A:1021342422699",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.1007/s00146-022-01475-2": {
      "keywords": "Algorithm, Education, Consciousness, Ethics, Phenomena of consciousness",
      "numpages": "13",
      "pages": "763–775",
      "month": "may",
      "journal": "AI Soc.",
      "abstract": "Theories related to cognitive sciences, Human-in-the-loop Cyber-physical systems, data analysis for decision-making, and computational ethics make clear the need to create transdisciplinary learning, research, and application strategies to bring coherence to the paradigm of a truly human-oriented technology. Autonomous objects assume more responsibilities for individual and collective phenomena, they have gradually filtered into routines and require the incorporation of ethical practice into the professions related to the development, modeling, and design of algorithms. To make this possible, it is pertinent and urgent to bring them closer to the problems and approaches of the humanities. Increasingly transdisciplinary research must be part of the construction of systems that provide developers and scientists with the necessary bases to understand the ethical debate and therefore their commitment to society. This article considers two theories as articulating axes: Blumenberg’s, coming from the field of philosophy, for whom the process of technification and especially the implementation of mathematical models in their algorithmic form leads to an emptying of meaning and therefore makes programmers who implement their functions to be alien to the concerns that gave them origin; Daston’s, belonging to the field of the history of science and according to which the division of labor in the processes of technification of the calculation implies a kind of subordination in which those who implement the inventions of a small group of privileged mathematicians ignore the procedures that put them into operation. Given these two theories, the black box models prevalent in AI development, and the urgency of establishing explanatory frameworks for the development of computational ethics, this article exposes the need to give a voice to the cultural history of consciousness for promoting the discussions around the implementation of mathematical algorithms. The paper takes as a reference the different points of view that have emerged around the study of technological ethics, its applicability, management, and design. It criticizes the current state of studies from a humanistic perspective and explains how the historical perspective allows promoting the training of software engineers, developers and creators so that they assume intuitions and moral values in the development of their work. Specifically, it aims to expose how cultural history, applied to the study of consciousness and its phenomena, makes those involved in this technological revolution aware of the effect that they, through their algorithms, have on society in general and on human beings in particular.",
      "doi": "10.1007/s00146-022-01475-2",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01475-2",
      "issn": "0951-5666",
      "number": "2",
      "volume": "38",
      "address": "Berlin, Heidelberg",
      "publisher": "Springer-Verlag",
      "year": "2022",
      "title": "The Ethics of Algorithms from the Perspective of the Cultural History of Consciousness: First Look",
      "author": "Martinez, Carlos Andres Salazar and Montoya, Olga Lucia Quintero",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "article",
      "ID": "10.1007/s00146-022-01475-2",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/1627267": {
      "note": "AAI3342844",
      "abstract": "This thesis is a social genealogy of gambling. It examines both aleatory artifacts used to gamble, and the gambling ritual itself, its functions, and its expression of a cosmological viewpoint. I theorize that gambling is a specialized form of the interaction ritual machine’ originally described by sociologist Emile Durkheim, comprised of an assembled group, a series of scripted actions, and a shared mood or emotion. The gambling ritual is called upon as a sacred or holy ritual, meant to access larger cosmological forces in order to determine outcomes in a moral order. In its original forms, gambling was directly practiced as sortilege, or mechanical divination, and called upon variously as a form of medicine or a means of ethical resolution in the face of conflicting or ambiguous moral values, such as the lots drawn by sailors to determine the guilt of Jonah. As aleatory artifacts themselves become refined over time, as well as the cosmological narratives they reify, they comprise a vital technology base for the transmission of cultural ideas, serving to regulate mental categories Durkheim describes as time, space, number, personality, and causality. Additionally, the collective efforts to systematically understand gambling as a mathematical problem were at the heart of the development of probability theory. The renaissance scholar Gerolamo Cardano in particular expressed the first modern version of chance and probability theory in an effort to understand dice throws, and communicated his ideas to other prominent scholars including Galileo, who was among the first to question why street gamblers were so well versed in applied probability. The distribution of dice throws was eventually applied by Simpson to a theory of errors in astronomical observation, ultimately laying the groundwork resulting in Laplace’s expression of the central limit theorem and Gauss’s development of the bell curve. In our contemporary moment, the study of zero-sum games of chance led John Von Neumann and Oscar Morganstern to develop the minimax theorem, a mathematical expression of the maximized self-interest of the economic rational actor. These techniques, along with the theory of normal distribution, afforded the possibility of computational ‘Monte Carlo’ simulation, instrumental in allowing Von Neumann and his team to use computers as an aleatory artifact to ‘shuffle’ neutrons and model their collision in the core an exploding atomic bomb. I refer to this outcome of the study of gambling resulting in advanced weapons technology as a ‘golem’, a term originally developed by Collins and Pinch. As advanced poker playing artificial intelligence is being deployed based on Von Neumann and John Nash’s original work in optimal mixed strategy, I conducted participant observation ethnography of online poker players in an attempt to situate their expertise once again in interaction ritual chains, rather than as a form of advanced computational algorithm. I claim that expertise is cultivated by participating in the gambling ritual, allowing mental categories of time, space, number, personality, and causality to be encoded in human posture for expert play.",
      "address": "USA",
      "publisher": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute",
      "isbn": "9780549988359",
      "year": "2008",
      "title": "The Grail and the Golem: The Sociology of Aleatory Artifacts",
      "advisor": "Restivo, Sal",
      "author": "Beech, Colin E.",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/1627267",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28131994": {
      "note": "AAI28131994",
      "abstract": "When examining the position and norms of translated children's literature, researchers tend to speak of the 'Arab world' rather than a specific country. Although the Arab world shares a language, it does not have a single culture, economy, politics, etc. Variations between different countries are reflected in its translated children's literature. Picturebooks are made up of a verbal mode, visual mode and the combination of these two modes (i.e. intermodal relations). Nonetheless, researchers tend only to consider the verbal mode in regard to picturebooks, ignoring the visual mode and the intermodal relations. In light of these gaps, this research aims to assess the position and norms of translated children's literature within the Saudi market as well as examine picturebooks in their entirety. To do so, this thesis asks five main questions: 1) What is the position of translated children's literature in Saudi Arabia? 2) How are textual, paratextual and metatextual aspects of Arabic target texts correlated to the position of translated children's literature in Saudi Arabia? 3) What translational initial norms are adopted to translate elements in the verbal and visual modes? 4) Which intermodal relations can be identified in the source and target texts, and how are they approached in translation? 5) What norms govern children's literature translated from English into Arabic in Saudi Arabia? Based on Even-Zohar's polysystem theory (1990), Toury's notion of norms (2012a) and Kress and van Leeuwen's (2001) multimodal approach, a comparative multimodal analysis of elements, translation techniques and intermodal relations was carried out on twenty cases. All distributed in the Saudi market, these cases were published by four publishers originating from three different Arab countries: Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Lebanon. The analytical framework combines the Composite Translation Techniques Model, the Composite Elements Model and Nikolajeva and Scott's (2000) typology of image-text relationships. To assess the position of translated children's literature, this study looks at the volume of translated children's literature from and into Saudi Arabia, as well as the volume of translated Saudi children's literature in comparison to original Saudi children's literature and Saudis' perception of the state of the latter. To explore the hypothetical links to the position of translation, textual (i.e. initial norms), metatextual elements (i.e. perception) and paratextual elements (i.e. price, binding type, publishing format and the (in)visibility of translators' and authors' names) are examined. There are three types of norms in this research: elements, translation techniques and element-specific translation technique(s), which are extracted using a comparative multimodal analysis to identify regularities of behaviour and are argued based on Chesterman's (2017) normative forces. The dynamicity of norms in translated children's literature in Saudi Arabia is explained in terms of Chang's (2000) macro-polysystem hypothesis. The results indicate that translated children's literature in Saudi Arabia seems to occupy a central position in the children's literature polysystem. However, contrary to Even-Zohar's hypothesis, this position is mostly accompanied by a TL-oriented translation method. Similarly, metatextual and paratextual aspects examined in this research show no clear connection to the proposed position. Despite being multimodal, picturebooks are treated mainly as monomodal verbal texts in which each mode has a different translation method. The use of TL-oriented translation techniques, such as substitution, visual substitution, modulation and discursive creation has caused many intermodal relation shifts in TTs. A hypothetical link between a higher number of intermodal relation shifts and a higher degree of TL-orientation has been established, which is confirmed by an initial test. Results also identify several norms in translated children's literature available in the Saudi market. Examples include the non-occurrence of alcohol, the clear presence of social and moral values, the adoption of visual repetition and the literal translation of elements involving mythical and magical creatures.",
      "publisher": "University of Leeds (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2019",
      "title": "The Position and Norms of Translated Children's Literature in Saudi Arabia : A Multimodal Socio-Cultural Approach",
      "author": "Alsaleh, Arwa Hamoud M",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28131994",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   },
   "10.5555/AAI28195169": {
      "note": "AAI28195169",
      "abstract": "I propose a political philosophical account of justified secession in order to tackle the thorny conceptual issue of what a right of secession amounts to, given that the state normally forbids or restricts secession by appeal to its legitimate jurisdiction, whereas secessionists and minorities advocate a primary interest in self-determination and ask for more permissive conditions on secession. The following core claim threads through my dissertation: even though (1) the current boundaries of (state) territory are a result of historical contingency, and (2) qualified claimants to secession are entitled to the same moral standing as the host states in securing their territorial interests, (3) both agents (i.e. secessionists and states) should limit their rights to propose or prohibit secession, because their rights to territories are justified provisionally and conditionally. The first proposition reveals a certain understanding of the modern state system, according to which we should recognise its contingent, arbitrary composition (i.e. where the boundaries are drawn and what particular group is subject to what state) and unjust genesis as a significant difficulty that the extant states as rulers ought to at least attempt to overcome. That is to say, states are obliged to mitigate the impact of their own unjust genesis and to convince their subjects to accept the arbitrary composition (i.e. the fact that they happen to be subject to a particular state) in order to justify their rights to particular territories (i.e. territorial rights). By 'convince', I mean that the state should ameliorate the arbitrariness with moral values in order to help its subjects tolerate that problematic feature. As suggested by Margaret Moore and Anna Stilz, on whose work I draw, these values are basic justice, rights of occupancy and collective self-determination. The same historical contingency also shapes people's rights to collective self-determination. First, if the composition of state is a matter of historical contingency, then who becomes the advantaged group(s) dominating a particular state or what group may claim secession is likewise affected by that same contingency. Second, while a dominant group in a state often prioritises their corporate (territorial) interests with respect to those of other subgroups, the right to territorial integrity or the state's moral standing in terms of non-interference in domestic affairs usually exacerbates partiality or bias in favour of the dominant group. In such a scenario, the collective self-determination of the state reduces, wrongfully, to the self-determination of the ruling group. However, thirdly, this implies another account of territorial rights or state territory: that is, the state derives its territorial rights by securing the collective self-determination of all self-determining peoples within its territory. By self-determining people, according to Moore, we refer to a certain kind of territorially concentrated sub-state group, able to form a government, and holding a shared political (group) identity and history of cooperation. Provided that the state's rights to territory is constituted by the territorial rights of its self-determining peoples, the state should be conceived as an entity in which several proto-states/self-determining peoples are potentially embedded. As a result, we should deem such a subgroup to be a qualified claimant to secession and so the group is entitled to the moral standing (same as the host state) in protecting their territorial interests. Connecting to the foregoing, statist account, I shall propose my dualistic account of territorial rights, accommodating and recognising the territorial interests of self-determining people. The achievement of a state in securing basic justice, rights of occupancy and collective self-determination, or the identification of qualified claimant to secession, does not constitute the whole picture of the right to secede. I shall further argue that my dualistic account of territorial rights is justified if and only if the rights-holders (namely the state and self-determining people) are also committed to the establishment of a global political authority. This reflects the Kantian idea of permissive laws that, firstly, states' territorial rights over particular populations and territories should be taken as unilateral acquisitions and settlement from the viewpoint of outsiders, so that there is a case for a just global authority to be erected to address such unilateralism. However, secondly, before such an authority is erected, we should still grant unilateral jurisdiction over territory, provided that such recognition is necessary to bring about that global authority or rightful conditions around the world. Besides, the new account of territorial rights can entail principles for justified secession, which articulate the circumstances in which a claim to consensual or unilateral secession is morally justified. It will be shown that the normative basis of justified secession, in addition to grave injustice, refers also to persistent alienation, while different degrees of that wrong make legitimate consensual or unilateral secession. Based upon these analyses, I propose that the right of secession, as a group right, should be redefined as the right of a subgroup to have an equal moral/legal standing when re-negotiating terms and conditions (for the protection of territorial rights) with the host state or any relevant agent. It thus consists in the remedial right to claim secession, the primary right to constitutional reform, and the primary right to erect a just global authority jointly with the extant, recognised states. A subgroup, however, can only propose unilateral secession as the remedy for grave injustice or serious violation of collective autonomy; it should also be endowed with the preceding primary rights for better protecting the territorial rights or group autonomy of its members.",
      "publisher": "University of Bristol (United Kingdom)",
      "year": "2020",
      "title": "A Political Philosophical Account of Secession : On the Right and Principles of Secession",
      "author": "Huang, Chia-Hung",
      "ENTRYTYPE": "phdthesis",
      "ID": "10.5555/AAI28195169",
      "source": "acm.bib"
   }
}