diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 3a5b83b7aa5..bbc350feab9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -281,6 +281,8 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo install cargo-hack
       - name: check --each-feature
         run: cargo hack check --all --each-feature -Z avoid-dev-deps
+      - name: check net,time
+        run: cargo check -p tokio --no-default-features --features net,time -Z avoid-dev-deps
       # Try with unstable feature flags
       - name: check --each-feature --unstable
         run: cargo hack check --all --each-feature -Z avoid-dev-deps
diff --git a/tokio/src/loom/mocked.rs b/tokio/src/loom/mocked.rs
index 367d59b43a4..1c4a32dd863 100644
--- a/tokio/src/loom/mocked.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/loom/mocked.rs
@@ -38,3 +38,8 @@ pub(crate) mod sys {
         2
     }
 }
+
+pub(crate) mod thread {
+    pub use loom::lazy_static::AccessError;
+    pub use loom::thread::*;
+}
diff --git a/tokio/src/loom/std/mod.rs b/tokio/src/loom/std/mod.rs
index 0c70bee74eb..1141e4dc07e 100644
--- a/tokio/src/loom/std/mod.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/loom/std/mod.rs
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub(crate) mod thread {
 
     #[allow(unused_imports)]
     pub(crate) use std::thread::{
-        current, panicking, park, park_timeout, sleep, spawn, Builder, JoinHandle, LocalKey,
-        Result, Thread, ThreadId,
+        current, panicking, park, park_timeout, sleep, spawn, AccessError, Builder, JoinHandle,
+        LocalKey, Result, Thread, ThreadId,
     };
 }
diff --git a/tokio/src/park/either.rs b/tokio/src/park/either.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ee02ec158b0..00000000000
--- a/tokio/src/park/either.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "full"), allow(dead_code))]
-
-use crate::park::{Park, Unpark};
-
-use std::fmt;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-pub(crate) enum Either<A, B> {
-    A(A),
-    B(B),
-}
-
-impl<A, B> Park for Either<A, B>
-where
-    A: Park,
-    B: Park,
-{
-    type Unpark = Either<A::Unpark, B::Unpark>;
-    type Error = Either<A::Error, B::Error>;
-
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
-        match self {
-            Either::A(a) => Either::A(a.unpark()),
-            Either::B(b) => Either::B(b.unpark()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        match self {
-            Either::A(a) => a.park().map_err(Either::A),
-            Either::B(b) => b.park().map_err(Either::B),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        match self {
-            Either::A(a) => a.park_timeout(duration).map_err(Either::A),
-            Either::B(b) => b.park_timeout(duration).map_err(Either::B),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
-        match self {
-            Either::A(a) => a.shutdown(),
-            Either::B(b) => b.shutdown(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, B> Unpark for Either<A, B>
-where
-    A: Unpark,
-    B: Unpark,
-{
-    fn unpark(&self) {
-        match self {
-            Either::A(a) => a.unpark(),
-            Either::B(b) => b.unpark(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, B> fmt::Debug for Either<A, B>
-where
-    A: fmt::Debug,
-    B: fmt::Debug,
-{
-    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Either::A(a) => a.fmt(fmt),
-            Either::B(b) => b.fmt(fmt),
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tokio/src/park/mod.rs b/tokio/src/park/mod.rs
index 9284702a681..a88b33ac15b 100644
--- a/tokio/src/park/mod.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/park/mod.rs
@@ -34,84 +34,4 @@
 //! * `park_timeout` does the same as `park` but allows specifying a maximum
 //!   time to block the thread for.
 
-cfg_rt! {
-    pub(crate) mod either;
-}
-
-#[cfg(any(feature = "rt", feature = "sync"))]
 pub(crate) mod thread;
-
-use std::fmt::Debug;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-/// Blocks the current thread.
-pub(crate) trait Park {
-    /// Unpark handle type for the `Park` implementation.
-    type Unpark: Unpark;
-
-    /// Error returned by `park`.
-    type Error: Debug;
-
-    /// Gets a new `Unpark` handle associated with this `Park` instance.
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark;
-
-    /// Blocks the current thread unless or until the token is available.
-    ///
-    /// A call to `park` does not guarantee that the thread will remain blocked
-    /// forever, and callers should be prepared for this possibility. This
-    /// function may wakeup spuriously for any reason.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This function **should** not panic, but ultimately, panics are left as
-    /// an implementation detail. Refer to the documentation for the specific
-    /// `Park` implementation.
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
-
-    /// Parks the current thread for at most `duration`.
-    ///
-    /// This function is the same as `park` but allows specifying a maximum time
-    /// to block the thread for.
-    ///
-    /// Same as `park`, there is no guarantee that the thread will remain
-    /// blocked for any amount of time. Spurious wakeups are permitted for any
-    /// reason.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This function **should** not panic, but ultimately, panics are left as
-    /// an implementation detail. Refer to the documentation for the specific
-    /// `Park` implementation.
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
-
-    /// Releases all resources held by the parker for proper leak-free shutdown.
-    fn shutdown(&mut self);
-}
-
-/// Unblock a thread blocked by the associated `Park` instance.
-pub(crate) trait Unpark: Sync + Send + 'static {
-    /// Unblocks a thread that is blocked by the associated `Park` handle.
-    ///
-    /// Calling `unpark` atomically makes available the unpark token, if it is
-    /// not already available.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This function **should** not panic, but ultimately, panics are left as
-    /// an implementation detail. Refer to the documentation for the specific
-    /// `Unpark` implementation.
-    fn unpark(&self);
-}
-
-impl Unpark for Box<dyn Unpark> {
-    fn unpark(&self) {
-        (**self).unpark()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Unpark for Arc<dyn Unpark> {
-    fn unpark(&self) {
-        (**self).unpark()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tokio/src/park/thread.rs b/tokio/src/park/thread.rs
index 4db1c1b31b6..abcdcb9c5cd 100644
--- a/tokio/src/park/thread.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/park/thread.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 use crate::loom::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex};
-use crate::park::{Park, Unpark};
 
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -12,8 +11,6 @@ pub(crate) struct ParkThread {
     inner: Arc<Inner>,
 }
 
-pub(crate) type ParkError = ();
-
 /// Unblocks a thread that was blocked by `ParkThread`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct UnparkThread {
@@ -47,32 +44,25 @@ impl ParkThread {
             }),
         }
     }
-}
-
-impl Park for ParkThread {
-    type Unpark = UnparkThread;
-    type Error = ParkError;
 
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) -> UnparkThread {
         let inner = self.inner.clone();
         UnparkThread { inner }
     }
 
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
         self.inner.park();
-        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
         // Wasm doesn't have threads, so just sleep.
         #[cfg(not(tokio_wasm))]
         self.inner.park_timeout(duration);
         #[cfg(tokio_wasm)]
         std::thread::sleep(duration);
-        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
         self.inner.shutdown();
     }
 }
@@ -212,12 +202,13 @@ impl Default for ParkThread {
 
 // ===== impl UnparkThread =====
 
-impl Unpark for UnparkThread {
-    fn unpark(&self) {
+impl UnparkThread {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) {
         self.inner.unpark();
     }
 }
 
+use crate::loom::thread::AccessError;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::mem;
@@ -241,24 +232,38 @@ impl CachedParkThread {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn get_unpark(&self) -> Result<UnparkThread, ParkError> {
+    pub(crate) fn waker(&self) -> Result<Waker, AccessError> {
+        self.unpark().map(|unpark| unpark.into_waker())
+    }
+
+    fn unpark(&self) -> Result<UnparkThread, AccessError> {
         self.with_current(|park_thread| park_thread.unpark())
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
+        self.with_current(|park_thread| park_thread.inner.park())
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+        self.with_current(|park_thread| park_thread.inner.park_timeout(duration))
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
     /// Gets a reference to the `ParkThread` handle for this thread.
-    fn with_current<F, R>(&self, f: F) -> Result<R, ParkError>
+    fn with_current<F, R>(&self, f: F) -> Result<R, AccessError>
     where
         F: FnOnce(&ParkThread) -> R,
     {
-        CURRENT_PARKER.try_with(|inner| f(inner)).map_err(|_| ())
+        CURRENT_PARKER.try_with(|inner| f(inner))
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn block_on<F: Future>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<F::Output, ParkError> {
+    pub(crate) fn block_on<F: Future>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<F::Output, AccessError> {
         use std::task::Context;
         use std::task::Poll::Ready;
 
         // `get_unpark()` should not return a Result
-        let waker = self.get_unpark()?.into_waker();
+        let waker = self.waker()?;
         let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&waker);
 
         pin!(f);
@@ -268,34 +273,11 @@ impl CachedParkThread {
                 return Ok(v);
             }
 
-            self.park()?;
+            self.park();
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Park for CachedParkThread {
-    type Unpark = UnparkThread;
-    type Error = ParkError;
-
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
-        self.get_unpark().unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.with_current(|park_thread| park_thread.inner.park())?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.with_current(|park_thread| park_thread.inner.park_timeout(duration))?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
-        let _ = self.with_current(|park_thread| park_thread.inner.shutdown());
-    }
-}
-
 impl UnparkThread {
     pub(crate) fn into_waker(self) -> Waker {
         unsafe {
diff --git a/tokio/src/process/unix/driver.rs b/tokio/src/process/unix/driver.rs
index 84dc8fbd027..2e1a36ade73 100644
--- a/tokio/src/process/unix/driver.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/process/unix/driver.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 
 //! Process driver.
 
-use crate::park::Park;
 use crate::process::unix::GlobalOrphanQueue;
+use crate::runtime::io::Handle;
 use crate::signal::unix::driver::{Driver as SignalDriver, Handle as SignalHandle};
 
-use std::io;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 /// Responsible for cleaning up orphaned child processes on Unix platforms.
@@ -28,31 +27,22 @@ impl Driver {
             signal_handle,
         }
     }
-}
-
-// ===== impl Park for Driver =====
-
-impl Park for Driver {
-    type Unpark = <SignalDriver as Park>::Unpark;
-    type Error = io::Error;
 
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
-        self.park.unpark()
+    pub(crate) fn handle(&self) -> Handle {
+        self.park.io_handle()
     }
 
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.park.park()?;
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
+        self.park.park();
         GlobalOrphanQueue::reap_orphans(&self.signal_handle);
-        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.park.park_timeout(duration)?;
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+        self.park.park_timeout(duration);
         GlobalOrphanQueue::reap_orphans(&self.signal_handle);
-        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
         self.park.shutdown()
     }
 }
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/driver.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/driver.rs
index 74ee772506e..cfb3bd4922e 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/driver.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/driver.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 //! Abstracts out the entire chain of runtime sub-drivers into common types.
-use crate::park::thread::ParkThread;
-use crate::park::Park;
+use crate::park::thread::{ParkThread, UnparkThread};
 
 use std::io;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -8,13 +7,21 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 // ===== io driver =====
 
 cfg_io_driver! {
-    type IoDriver = crate::runtime::io::Driver;
-    type IoStack = crate::park::either::Either<ProcessDriver, ParkThread>;
+    pub(crate) type IoDriver = crate::runtime::io::Driver;
     pub(crate) type IoHandle = Option<crate::runtime::io::Handle>;
 
-    fn create_io_stack(enabled: bool) -> io::Result<(IoStack, IoHandle, SignalHandle)> {
-        use crate::park::either::Either;
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    pub(crate) enum IoStack {
+        Enabled(ProcessDriver),
+        Disabled(ParkThread),
+    }
 
+    pub(crate) enum IoUnpark {
+        Enabled(crate::runtime::io::Handle),
+        Disabled(UnparkThread),
+    }
+
+    fn create_io_stack(enabled: bool) -> io::Result<(IoStack, IoHandle, SignalHandle)> {
         #[cfg(loom)]
         assert!(!enabled);
 
@@ -25,18 +32,58 @@ cfg_io_driver! {
             let (signal_driver, signal_handle) = create_signal_driver(io_driver)?;
             let process_driver = create_process_driver(signal_driver);
 
-            (Either::A(process_driver), Some(io_handle), signal_handle)
+            (IoStack::Enabled(process_driver), Some(io_handle), signal_handle)
         } else {
-            (Either::B(ParkThread::new()), Default::default(), Default::default())
+            (IoStack::Disabled(ParkThread::new()), Default::default(), Default::default())
         };
 
         Ok(ret)
     }
+
+    impl IoStack {
+        pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) -> IoUnpark {
+            match self {
+                IoStack::Enabled(v) => IoUnpark::Enabled(v.handle()),
+                IoStack::Disabled(v) => IoUnpark::Disabled(v.unpark()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
+            match self {
+                IoStack::Enabled(v) => v.park(),
+                IoStack::Disabled(v) => v.park(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+            match self {
+                IoStack::Enabled(v) => v.park_timeout(duration),
+                IoStack::Disabled(v) => v.park_timeout(duration),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+            match self {
+                IoStack::Enabled(v) => v.shutdown(),
+                IoStack::Disabled(v) => v.shutdown(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl IoUnpark {
+        pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) {
+            match self {
+                IoUnpark::Enabled(v) => v.unpark(),
+                IoUnpark::Disabled(v) => v.unpark(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 cfg_not_io_driver! {
     pub(crate) type IoHandle = ();
-    type IoStack = ParkThread;
+    pub(crate) type IoStack = ParkThread;
+    pub(crate) type IoUnpark = UnparkThread;
 
     fn create_io_stack(_enabled: bool) -> io::Result<(IoStack, IoHandle, SignalHandle)> {
         Ok((ParkThread::new(), Default::default(), Default::default()))
@@ -98,7 +145,16 @@ cfg_not_process_driver! {
 // ===== time driver =====
 
 cfg_time! {
-    type TimeDriver = crate::park::either::Either<crate::runtime::time::Driver<IoStack>, IoStack>;
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    pub(crate) enum TimeDriver {
+        Enabled(crate::runtime::time::Driver),
+        Disabled(IoStack),
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) enum TimerUnpark {
+        Enabled(crate::runtime::time::TimerUnpark),
+        Disabled(IoUnpark),
+    }
 
     pub(crate) type Clock = crate::time::Clock;
     pub(crate) type TimeHandle = Option<crate::runtime::time::Handle>;
@@ -112,21 +168,62 @@ cfg_time! {
         io_stack: IoStack,
         clock: Clock,
     ) -> (TimeDriver, TimeHandle) {
-        use crate::park::either::Either;
-
         if enable {
             let driver = crate::runtime::time::Driver::new(io_stack, clock);
             let handle = driver.handle();
 
-            (Either::A(driver), Some(handle))
+            (TimeDriver::Enabled(driver), Some(handle))
         } else {
-            (Either::B(io_stack), None)
+            (TimeDriver::Disabled(io_stack), None)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TimeDriver {
+        pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) -> TimerUnpark {
+            match self {
+                TimeDriver::Enabled(v) => TimerUnpark::Enabled(v.unpark()),
+                TimeDriver::Disabled(v) => TimerUnpark::Disabled(v.unpark()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
+            match self {
+                TimeDriver::Enabled(v) => v.park(),
+                TimeDriver::Disabled(v) => v.park(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+            match self {
+                TimeDriver::Enabled(v) => v.park_timeout(duration),
+                TimeDriver::Disabled(v) => v.park_timeout(duration),
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO: tokio-rs/tokio#4990, should the `current_thread` scheduler call this?
+        cfg_rt_multi_thread! {
+            pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+                match self {
+                    TimeDriver::Enabled(v) => v.shutdown(),
+                    TimeDriver::Disabled(v) => v.shutdown(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TimerUnpark {
+        pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) {
+            match self {
+                TimerUnpark::Enabled(v) => v.unpark(),
+                TimerUnpark::Disabled(v) => v.unpark(),
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
 cfg_not_time! {
     type TimeDriver = IoStack;
+    type TimerUnpark = IoUnpark;
 
     pub(crate) type Clock = ();
     pub(crate) type TimeHandle = ();
@@ -151,6 +248,8 @@ pub(crate) struct Driver {
     inner: TimeDriver,
 }
 
+pub(crate) type Unpark = TimerUnpark;
+
 pub(crate) struct Resources {
     pub(crate) io_handle: IoHandle,
     pub(crate) signal_handle: SignalHandle,
@@ -184,25 +283,23 @@ impl Driver {
             },
         ))
     }
-}
 
-impl Park for Driver {
-    type Unpark = <TimeDriver as Park>::Unpark;
-    type Error = <TimeDriver as Park>::Error;
-
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) -> TimerUnpark {
         self.inner.unpark()
     }
 
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
         self.inner.park()
     }
 
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
         self.inner.park_timeout(duration)
     }
 
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
-        self.inner.shutdown()
+    // TODO: tokio-rs/tokio#4990, should the `current_thread` scheduler call this?
+    cfg_rt_multi_thread! {
+        pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+            self.inner.shutdown()
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/enter.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/enter.rs
index 6e4e37d70ff..66b17868b95 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/enter.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/enter.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ pub(crate) struct Enter {
 }
 
 cfg_rt! {
-    use crate::park::thread::ParkError;
-
     use std::time::Duration;
 
     /// Marks the current thread as being within the dynamic extent of an
@@ -139,10 +137,12 @@ cfg_rt_multi_thread! {
 }
 
 cfg_rt! {
+    use crate::loom::thread::AccessError;
+
     impl Enter {
         /// Blocks the thread on the specified future, returning the value with
         /// which that future completes.
-        pub(crate) fn block_on<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<F::Output, ParkError>
+        pub(crate) fn block_on<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<F::Output, AccessError>
         where
             F: std::future::Future,
         {
@@ -156,18 +156,17 @@ cfg_rt! {
         ///
         /// If the future completes before `timeout`, the result is returned. If
         /// `timeout` elapses, then `Err` is returned.
-        pub(crate) fn block_on_timeout<F>(&mut self, f: F, timeout: Duration) -> Result<F::Output, ParkError>
+        pub(crate) fn block_on_timeout<F>(&mut self, f: F, timeout: Duration) -> Result<F::Output, ()>
         where
             F: std::future::Future,
         {
-            use crate::park::Park;
             use crate::park::thread::CachedParkThread;
             use std::task::Context;
             use std::task::Poll::Ready;
             use std::time::Instant;
 
             let mut park = CachedParkThread::new();
-            let waker = park.get_unpark()?.into_waker();
+            let waker = park.waker().map_err(|_| ())?;
             let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&waker);
 
             pin!(f);
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ cfg_rt! {
                     return Err(());
                 }
 
-                park.park_timeout(when - now)?;
+                park.park_timeout(when - now);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/io/mod.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/io/mod.rs
index d447b87eba4..ef335723b19 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/io/mod.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/io/mod.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ mod metrics;
 
 use crate::io::interest::Interest;
 use crate::io::ready::Ready;
-use crate::park::{Park, Unpark};
 use crate::util::slab::{self, Slab};
 use crate::{loom::sync::RwLock, util::bit};
 
@@ -145,7 +144,35 @@ impl Driver {
         }
     }
 
-    fn turn(&mut self, max_wait: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // TODO: remove this in a later refactor
+    cfg_not_rt! {
+        cfg_time! {
+            pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) -> Handle {
+                self.handle()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
+        self.turn(None);
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+        self.turn(Some(duration));
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+        if self.inner.shutdown() {
+            self.resources.for_each(|io| {
+                // If a task is waiting on the I/O resource, notify it. The task
+                // will then attempt to use the I/O resource and fail due to the
+                // driver being shutdown. And shutdown will clear all wakers.
+                io.shutdown();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn turn(&mut self, max_wait: Option<Duration>) {
         // How often to call `compact()` on the resource slab
         const COMPACT_INTERVAL: u8 = 255;
 
@@ -167,7 +194,7 @@ impl Driver {
                 // In case of wasm32_wasi this error happens, when trying to poll without subscriptions
                 // just return from the park, as there would be nothing, which wakes us up.
             }
-            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+            Err(e) => panic!("unexpected error when polling the I/O driver: {:?}", e),
         }
 
         // Process all the events that came in, dispatching appropriately
@@ -184,8 +211,6 @@ impl Driver {
         self.inner.metrics.incr_ready_count_by(ready_count);
 
         self.events = Some(events);
-
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn dispatch(&mut self, token: mio::Token, ready: Ready) {
@@ -215,36 +240,6 @@ impl Drop for Driver {
     }
 }
 
-impl Park for Driver {
-    type Unpark = Handle;
-    type Error = io::Error;
-
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
-        self.handle()
-    }
-
-    fn park(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.turn(None)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.turn(Some(duration))?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
-        if self.inner.shutdown() {
-            self.resources.for_each(|io| {
-                // If a task is waiting on the I/O resource, notify it. The task
-                // will then attempt to use the I/O resource and fail due to the
-                // driver being shutdown. And shutdown will clear all wakers.
-                io.shutdown();
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl fmt::Debug for Driver {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "Driver")
@@ -303,18 +298,12 @@ impl Handle {
     /// after this method has been called. If the reactor is not currently
     /// blocked in `turn`, then the next call to `turn` will not block and
     /// return immediately.
-    fn wakeup(&self) {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) {
         #[cfg(not(tokio_wasi))]
         self.inner.waker.wake().expect("failed to wake I/O driver");
     }
 }
 
-impl Unpark for Handle {
-    fn unpark(&self) {
-        self.wakeup();
-    }
-}
-
 impl fmt::Debug for Handle {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "Handle")
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/current_thread.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/current_thread.rs
index 59472cf240e..2bc19fef048 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/current_thread.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/current_thread.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use crate::future::poll_fn;
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 use crate::loom::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use crate::park::{Park, Unpark};
 use crate::runtime::context::EnterGuard;
-use crate::runtime::driver::Driver;
+use crate::runtime::driver::{Driver, Unpark};
 use crate::runtime::task::{self, JoinHandle, OwnedTasks, Schedule, Task};
 use crate::runtime::{Config, HandleInner};
 use crate::runtime::{MetricsBatch, SchedulerMetrics, WorkerMetrics};
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ struct Shared {
     owned: OwnedTasks<Arc<Shared>>,
 
     /// Unpark the blocked thread.
-    unpark: <Driver as Park>::Unpark,
+    unpark: Unpark,
 
     /// Indicates whether the blocked on thread was woken.
     woken: AtomicBool,
@@ -305,7 +304,7 @@ impl Context {
             core.metrics.submit(&core.spawner.shared.worker_metrics);
 
             let (c, _) = self.enter(core, || {
-                driver.park().expect("failed to park");
+                driver.park();
             });
 
             core = c;
@@ -330,9 +329,7 @@ impl Context {
 
         core.metrics.submit(&core.spawner.shared.worker_metrics);
         let (mut core, _) = self.enter(core, || {
-            driver
-                .park_timeout(Duration::from_millis(0))
-                .expect("failed to park");
+            driver.park_timeout(Duration::from_millis(0));
         });
 
         core.driver = Some(driver);
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/park.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/park.rs
index 033b9f20bee..b3ef15c1f80 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/park.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/park.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 use crate::loom::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex};
 use crate::loom::thread;
-use crate::park::{Park, Unpark};
-use crate::runtime::driver::Driver;
+use crate::runtime::driver::{Driver, Unpark};
 use crate::util::TryLock;
 
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst;
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ struct Shared {
     driver: TryLock<Driver>,
 
     /// Unpark handle
-    handle: <Driver as Park>::Unpark,
+    handle: Unpark,
 }
 
 impl Parker {
@@ -64,54 +63,46 @@ impl Parker {
             }),
         }
     }
-}
-
-impl Clone for Parker {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Parker {
-        Parker {
-            inner: Arc::new(Inner {
-                state: AtomicUsize::new(EMPTY),
-                mutex: Mutex::new(()),
-                condvar: Condvar::new(),
-                shared: self.inner.shared.clone(),
-            }),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Park for Parker {
-    type Unpark = Unparker;
-    type Error = ();
 
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Unparker {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) -> Unparker {
         Unparker {
             inner: self.inner.clone(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
         self.inner.park();
-        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
         // Only parking with zero is supported...
         assert_eq!(duration, Duration::from_millis(0));
 
         if let Some(mut driver) = self.inner.shared.driver.try_lock() {
-            driver.park_timeout(duration).map_err(|_| ())
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
+            driver.park_timeout(duration)
         }
     }
 
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
         self.inner.shutdown();
     }
 }
 
-impl Unpark for Unparker {
-    fn unpark(&self) {
+impl Clone for Parker {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Parker {
+        Parker {
+            inner: Arc::new(Inner {
+                state: AtomicUsize::new(EMPTY),
+                mutex: Mutex::new(()),
+                condvar: Condvar::new(),
+                shared: self.inner.shared.clone(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Unparker {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) {
         self.inner.unpark();
     }
 }
@@ -201,8 +192,7 @@ impl Inner {
             Err(actual) => panic!("inconsistent park state; actual = {}", actual),
         }
 
-        // TODO: don't unwrap
-        driver.park().unwrap();
+        driver.park();
 
         match self.state.swap(EMPTY, SeqCst) {
             NOTIFIED => {}      // got a notification, hurray!
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/worker.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/worker.rs
index 6e2f4fed87f..44615d26215 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/worker.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/worker.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ use crate::coop;
 use crate::future::Future;
 use crate::loom::rand::seed;
 use crate::loom::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use crate::park::{Park, Unpark};
 use crate::runtime;
 use crate::runtime::enter::EnterContext;
 use crate::runtime::scheduler::multi_thread::{queue, Idle, Parker, Unparker};
@@ -512,9 +511,9 @@ impl Context {
 
         // Park thread
         if let Some(timeout) = duration {
-            park.park_timeout(timeout).expect("park failed");
+            park.park_timeout(timeout);
         } else {
-            park.park().expect("park failed");
+            park.park();
         }
 
         // Remove `core` from context
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/time/mod.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/time/mod.rs
index 0d898470ea8..d7b7d71bf93 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/time/mod.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/time/mod.rs
@@ -20,10 +20,22 @@ mod wheel;
 
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use crate::loom::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use crate::park::{Park, Unpark};
 use crate::time::error::Error;
 use crate::time::{Clock, Duration};
 
+// This duplication should be cleaned up in a later refactor
+cfg_io_driver! {
+    cfg_rt! {
+        use crate::runtime::driver::{IoStack, IoUnpark};
+    }
+    cfg_not_rt! {
+        use crate::runtime::io::{Driver as IoStack, Handle as IoUnpark};
+    }
+}
+cfg_not_io_driver! {
+    use crate::park::thread::{ParkThread as IoStack, UnparkThread as IoUnpark};
+}
+
 use std::fmt;
 use std::{num::NonZeroU64, ptr::NonNull, task::Waker};
 
@@ -83,7 +95,7 @@ use std::{num::NonZeroU64, ptr::NonNull, task::Waker};
 /// [timeout]: crate::time::Timeout
 /// [interval]: crate::time::Interval
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct Driver<P: Park + 'static> {
+pub(crate) struct Driver {
     /// Timing backend in use.
     time_source: TimeSource,
 
@@ -91,7 +103,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Driver<P: Park + 'static> {
     handle: Handle,
 
     /// Parker to delegate to.
-    park: P,
+    park: IoStack,
 
     // When `true`, a call to `park_timeout` should immediately return and time
     // should not advance. One reason for this to be `true` is if the task
@@ -112,7 +124,7 @@ struct Inner {
     pub(super) is_shutdown: AtomicBool,
 
     /// Unparker that can be used to wake the time driver.
-    unpark: Box<dyn Unpark>,
+    unpark: IoUnpark,
 }
 
 /// Time state shared which must be protected by a `Mutex`
@@ -132,18 +144,15 @@ struct InnerState {
 
 // ===== impl Driver =====
 
-impl<P> Driver<P>
-where
-    P: Park + 'static,
-{
+impl Driver {
     /// Creates a new `Driver` instance that uses `park` to block the current
     /// thread and `time_source` to get the current time and convert to ticks.
     ///
     /// Specifying the source of time is useful when testing.
-    pub(crate) fn new(park: P, clock: Clock) -> Driver<P> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(park: IoStack, clock: Clock) -> Driver {
         let time_source = TimeSource::new(clock);
 
-        let inner = Inner::new(time_source.clone(), Box::new(park.unpark()));
+        let inner = Inner::new(time_source.clone(), park.unpark());
 
         Driver {
             time_source,
@@ -164,7 +173,33 @@ where
         self.handle.clone()
     }
 
-    fn park_internal(&mut self, limit: Option<Duration>) -> Result<(), P::Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) -> TimerUnpark {
+        TimerUnpark::new(self)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
+        self.park_internal(None)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+        self.park_internal(Some(duration))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+        if self.handle.is_shutdown() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.handle.get().is_shutdown.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        // Advance time forward to the end of time.
+
+        self.handle.process_at_time(u64::MAX);
+
+        self.park.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    fn park_internal(&mut self, limit: Option<Duration>) {
         let mut lock = self.handle.get().state.lock();
 
         assert!(!self.handle.is_shutdown());
@@ -188,32 +223,30 @@ where
                         duration = std::cmp::min(limit, duration);
                     }
 
-                    self.park_timeout(duration)?;
+                    self.park_thread_timeout(duration);
                 } else {
-                    self.park.park_timeout(Duration::from_secs(0))?;
+                    self.park.park_timeout(Duration::from_secs(0));
                 }
             }
             None => {
                 if let Some(duration) = limit {
-                    self.park_timeout(duration)?;
+                    self.park_thread_timeout(duration);
                 } else {
-                    self.park.park()?;
+                    self.park.park();
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // Process pending timers after waking up
         self.handle.process();
-
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     cfg_test_util! {
-        fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), P::Error> {
+        fn park_thread_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
             let clock = &self.time_source.clock;
 
             if clock.is_paused() {
-                self.park.park_timeout(Duration::from_secs(0))?;
+                self.park.park_timeout(Duration::from_secs(0));
 
                 // If the time driver was woken, then the park completed
                 // before the "duration" elapsed (usually caused by a
@@ -224,10 +257,8 @@ where
                     clock.advance(duration);
                 }
             } else {
-                self.park.park_timeout(duration)?;
+                self.park.park_timeout(duration);
             }
-
-            Ok(())
         }
 
         fn did_wake(&self) -> bool {
@@ -236,8 +267,8 @@ where
     }
 
     cfg_not_test_util! {
-        fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), P::Error> {
-            self.park.park_timeout(duration)
+        fn park_thread_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+            self.park.park_timeout(duration);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -383,58 +414,21 @@ impl Handle {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P> Park for Driver<P>
-where
-    P: Park + 'static,
-{
-    type Unpark = TimerUnpark<P>;
-    type Error = P::Error;
-
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
-        TimerUnpark::new(self)
-    }
-
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.park_internal(None)
-    }
-
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.park_internal(Some(duration))
-    }
-
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
-        if self.handle.is_shutdown() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        self.handle.get().is_shutdown.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        // Advance time forward to the end of time.
-
-        self.handle.process_at_time(u64::MAX);
-
-        self.park.shutdown();
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P> Drop for Driver<P>
-where
-    P: Park + 'static,
-{
+impl Drop for Driver {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         self.shutdown();
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct TimerUnpark<P: Park + 'static> {
-    inner: P::Unpark,
+pub(crate) struct TimerUnpark {
+    inner: IoUnpark,
 
     #[cfg(feature = "test-util")]
     did_wake: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 
-impl<P: Park + 'static> TimerUnpark<P> {
-    fn new(driver: &Driver<P>) -> TimerUnpark<P> {
+impl TimerUnpark {
+    fn new(driver: &Driver) -> TimerUnpark {
         TimerUnpark {
             inner: driver.park.unpark(),
 
@@ -442,10 +436,8 @@ impl<P: Park + 'static> TimerUnpark<P> {
             did_wake: driver.did_wake.clone(),
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl<P: Park + 'static> Unpark for TimerUnpark<P> {
-    fn unpark(&self) {
+    pub(crate) fn unpark(&self) {
         #[cfg(feature = "test-util")]
         self.did_wake.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
 
@@ -456,7 +448,7 @@ impl<P: Park + 'static> Unpark for TimerUnpark<P> {
 // ===== impl Inner =====
 
 impl Inner {
-    pub(self) fn new(time_source: TimeSource, unpark: Box<dyn Unpark>) -> Self {
+    pub(self) fn new(time_source: TimeSource, unpark: IoUnpark) -> Self {
         Inner {
             state: Mutex::new(InnerState {
                 time_source,
diff --git a/tokio/src/runtime/time/tests/mod.rs b/tokio/src/runtime/time/tests/mod.rs
index ff69c8407fa..31ed198e2f7 100644
--- a/tokio/src/runtime/time/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/runtime/time/tests/mod.rs
@@ -5,25 +5,13 @@ use std::{task::Context, time::Duration};
 #[cfg(not(loom))]
 use futures::task::noop_waker_ref;
 
+use crate::loom::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use crate::loom::sync::Arc;
 use crate::loom::thread;
-use crate::{
-    loom::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
-    park::Unpark,
-};
+use crate::runtime::driver::IoUnpark;
 
 use super::{Handle, TimerEntry};
 
-struct MockUnpark {}
-impl Unpark for MockUnpark {
-    fn unpark(&self) {}
-}
-impl MockUnpark {
-    fn mock() -> Box<dyn Unpark> {
-        Box::new(Self {})
-    }
-}
-
 fn block_on<T>(f: impl std::future::Future<Output = T>) -> T {
     #[cfg(loom)]
     return loom::future::block_on(f);
@@ -45,13 +33,25 @@ fn model(f: impl Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static) {
     f();
 }
 
+#[cfg(not(tokio_wasm))]
+fn unpark() -> IoUnpark {
+    use crate::park::thread::ParkThread;
+    IoUnpark::Disabled(ParkThread::new().unpark())
+}
+
+#[cfg(tokio_wasm)]
+fn unpark() -> IoUnpark {
+    use crate::park::thread::ParkThread;
+    ParkThread::new().unpark()
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn single_timer() {
     model(|| {
         let clock = crate::time::Clock::new(true, false);
         let time_source = super::TimeSource::new(clock.clone());
 
-        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), MockUnpark::mock());
+        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), unpark());
         let handle = Handle::new(Arc::new(inner));
 
         let handle_ = handle.clone();
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ fn drop_timer() {
         let clock = crate::time::Clock::new(true, false);
         let time_source = super::TimeSource::new(clock.clone());
 
-        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), MockUnpark::mock());
+        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), unpark());
         let handle = Handle::new(Arc::new(inner));
 
         let handle_ = handle.clone();
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ fn change_waker() {
         let clock = crate::time::Clock::new(true, false);
         let time_source = super::TimeSource::new(clock.clone());
 
-        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), MockUnpark::mock());
+        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), unpark());
         let handle = Handle::new(Arc::new(inner));
 
         let handle_ = handle.clone();
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ fn reset_future() {
         let clock = crate::time::Clock::new(true, false);
         let time_source = super::TimeSource::new(clock.clone());
 
-        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), MockUnpark::mock());
+        let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source.clone(), unpark());
         let handle = Handle::new(Arc::new(inner));
 
         let handle_ = handle.clone();
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ fn poll_process_levels() {
 
     let time_source = super::TimeSource::new(clock.clone());
 
-    let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source, MockUnpark::mock());
+    let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source, unpark());
     let handle = Handle::new(Arc::new(inner));
 
     let mut entries = vec![];
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ fn poll_process_levels_targeted() {
 
     let time_source = super::TimeSource::new(clock.clone());
 
-    let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source, MockUnpark::mock());
+    let inner = super::Inner::new(time_source, unpark());
     let handle = Handle::new(Arc::new(inner));
 
     let e1 = TimerEntry::new(&handle, clock.now() + Duration::from_millis(193));
diff --git a/tokio/src/signal/unix/driver.rs b/tokio/src/signal/unix/driver.rs
index 54959e04df5..e30519350af 100644
--- a/tokio/src/signal/unix/driver.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/signal/unix/driver.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@
 
 use crate::io::interest::Interest;
 use crate::io::PollEvented;
-use crate::park::Park;
-use crate::runtime::io::Driver as IoDriver;
+use crate::runtime::io;
 use crate::signal::registry::globals;
 
 use mio::net::UnixStream;
-use std::io::{self, Read};
+use std::io::{self as std_io, Read};
 use std::ptr;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use std::task::{Context, Poll, RawWaker, RawWakerVTable, Waker};
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct Driver {
     /// Thread parker. The `Driver` park implementation delegates to this.
-    park: IoDriver,
+    park: io::Driver,
 
     /// A pipe for receiving wake events from the signal handler
     receiver: PollEvented<UnixStream>,
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ pub(super) struct Inner(());
 
 impl Driver {
     /// Creates a new signal `Driver` instance that delegates wakeups to `park`.
-    pub(crate) fn new(park: IoDriver) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(park: io::Driver) -> std_io::Result<Self> {
         use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
         use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd};
 
@@ -93,6 +92,24 @@ impl Driver {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn io_handle(&self) -> io::Handle {
+        self.park.handle()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn park(&mut self) {
+        self.park.park();
+        self.process();
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) {
+        self.park.park_timeout(duration);
+        self.process();
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+        self.park.shutdown()
+    }
+
     fn process(&self) {
         // Check if the pipe is ready to read and therefore has "woken" us up
         //
@@ -114,7 +131,7 @@ impl Driver {
             match (&*self.receiver).read(&mut buf) {
                 Ok(0) => panic!("EOF on self-pipe"),
                 Ok(_) => continue, // Keep reading
-                Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => break,
+                Err(e) if e.kind() == std_io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => break,
                 Err(e) => panic!("Bad read on self-pipe: {}", e),
             }
         }
@@ -134,41 +151,17 @@ unsafe fn noop_clone(_data: *const ()) -> RawWaker {
 
 unsafe fn noop(_data: *const ()) {}
 
-// ===== impl Park for Driver =====
-
-impl Park for Driver {
-    type Unpark = <IoDriver as Park>::Unpark;
-    type Error = io::Error;
-
-    fn unpark(&self) -> Self::Unpark {
-        self.park.unpark()
-    }
-
-    fn park(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.park.park()?;
-        self.process();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn park_timeout(&mut self, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.park.park_timeout(duration)?;
-        self.process();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn shutdown(&mut self) {
-        self.park.shutdown()
-    }
-}
-
 // ===== impl Handle =====
 
 impl Handle {
-    pub(super) fn check_inner(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub(super) fn check_inner(&self) -> std_io::Result<()> {
         if self.inner.strong_count() > 0 {
             Ok(())
         } else {
-            Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "signal driver gone"))
+            Err(std_io::Error::new(
+                std_io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                "signal driver gone",
+            ))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tokio/src/sync/mpsc/chan.rs b/tokio/src/sync/mpsc/chan.rs
index a10ffb7d797..f0e9dc27f33 100644
--- a/tokio/src/sync/mpsc/chan.rs
+++ b/tokio/src/sync/mpsc/chan.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use crate::loom::future::AtomicWaker;
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 use crate::loom::sync::Arc;
 use crate::park::thread::CachedParkThread;
-use crate::park::Park;
 use crate::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError;
 use crate::sync::mpsc::list;
 use crate::sync::notify::Notify;
@@ -326,13 +325,13 @@ impl<T, S: Semaphore> Rx<T, S> {
 
             // Park the thread until the problematic send has completed.
             let mut park = CachedParkThread::new();
-            let waker = park.unpark().into_waker();
+            let waker = park.waker().unwrap();
             loop {
                 self.inner.rx_waker.register_by_ref(&waker);
                 // It is possible that the problematic send has now completed,
                 // so we have to check for messages again.
                 try_recv!();
-                park.park().expect("park failed");
+                park.park();
             }
         })
     }