diff --git a/docs/modules/mongodb.md b/docs/modules/mongodb.md
index 478d0d63e..7ebbdc6b1 100644
--- a/docs/modules/mongodb.md
+++ b/docs/modules/mongodb.md
@@ -45,3 +45,11 @@ public sealed class MongoDbContainerTest : IAsyncLifetime
 ```
 
 To execute the tests, use the command `dotnet test` from a terminal.
+
+## MongoDb Replica Set
+
+By default, MongoDB runs as a standalone instance. If your tests require a MongoDB replica set, use the code below which will initialize it as a single-node replica set:
+
+```csharp
+MongoDbContainer _mongoDbContainer = new MongoDbBuilder().WithReplicaSet().Build();
+```
diff --git a/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbBuilder.cs b/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbBuilder.cs
index b4221b018..1a806c7a8 100644
--- a/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbBuilder.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ public sealed class MongoDbBuilder : ContainerBuilder<MongoDbBuilder, MongoDbCon
 
     public const string DefaultPassword = "mongo";
 
+    private const string InitKeyFileScriptFilePath = "/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/01-init-keyfile.sh";
+
+    private const string KeyFileFilePath = "/tmp/mongodb-keyfile";
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="MongoDbBuilder" /> class.
     /// </summary>
@@ -60,15 +64,44 @@ public MongoDbBuilder WithPassword(string password)
             .WithEnvironment("MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD", initDbRootPassword);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initialize MongoDB as a single-node replica set.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="replicaSetName">The replica set name.</param>
+    /// <returns>A configured instance of <see cref="MongoDbBuilder" />.</returns>
+    public MongoDbBuilder WithReplicaSet(string replicaSetName = "rs0")
+    {
+        var initKeyFileScript = new StringWriter();
+        initKeyFileScript.NewLine = "\n";
+        initKeyFileScript.WriteLine("#!/bin/bash");
+        initKeyFileScript.WriteLine("openssl rand -base64 32 > \"" + KeyFileFilePath + "\"");
+        initKeyFileScript.WriteLine("chmod 600 \"" + KeyFileFilePath + "\"");
+
+        return Merge(DockerResourceConfiguration, new MongoDbConfiguration(replicaSetName: replicaSetName))
+            .WithCommand("--replSet", replicaSetName, "--keyFile", KeyFileFilePath, "--bind_ip_all")
+            .WithResourceMapping(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(initKeyFileScript.ToString()), InitKeyFileScriptFilePath, Unix.FileMode755);
+    }
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public override MongoDbContainer Build()
     {
         Validate();
 
-        // The wait strategy relies on the configuration of MongoDb. If credentials are
-        // provided, the log message "Waiting for connections" appears twice.
+        IWaitUntil waitUntil;
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(DockerResourceConfiguration.ReplicaSetName))
+        {
+            // The wait strategy relies on the configuration of MongoDb. If credentials are
+            // provided, the log message "Waiting for connections" appears twice.
+            waitUntil = new WaitIndicateReadiness(DockerResourceConfiguration);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            waitUntil = new WaitInitiateReplicaSet(DockerResourceConfiguration);
+        }
+
         // If the user does not provide a custom waiting strategy, append the default MongoDb waiting strategy.
-        var mongoDbBuilder = DockerResourceConfiguration.WaitStrategies.Count() > 1 ? this : WithWaitStrategy(Wait.ForUnixContainer().AddCustomWaitStrategy(new WaitUntil(DockerResourceConfiguration)));
+        var mongoDbBuilder = DockerResourceConfiguration.WaitStrategies.Count() > 1 ? this : WithWaitStrategy(Wait.ForUnixContainer().AddCustomWaitStrategy(waitUntil));
         return new MongoDbContainer(mongoDbBuilder.DockerResourceConfiguration);
     }
 
@@ -118,17 +151,17 @@ protected override MongoDbBuilder Merge(MongoDbConfiguration oldValue, MongoDbCo
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc cref="IWaitUntil" />
-    private sealed class WaitUntil : IWaitUntil
+    private sealed class WaitIndicateReadiness : IWaitUntil
     {
         private static readonly string[] LineEndings = { "\r\n", "\n" };
 
         private readonly int _count;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WaitUntil" /> class.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WaitIndicateReadiness" /> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="configuration">The container configuration.</param>
-        public WaitUntil(MongoDbConfiguration configuration)
+        public WaitIndicateReadiness(MongoDbConfiguration configuration)
         {
             _count = string.IsNullOrEmpty(configuration.Username) && string.IsNullOrEmpty(configuration.Password) ? 1 : 2;
         }
@@ -145,4 +178,34 @@ public async Task<bool> UntilAsync(IContainer container)
                 .Count(line => line.Contains("Waiting for connections")));
         }
     }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="IWaitUntil" />
+    private sealed class WaitInitiateReplicaSet : IWaitUntil
+    {
+        private readonly string _scriptContent;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WaitInitiateReplicaSet" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="configuration">The container configuration.</param>
+        public WaitInitiateReplicaSet(MongoDbConfiguration configuration)
+        {
+            _scriptContent = $"try{{rs.status().ok}}catch(e){{rs.initiate({{'_id':'{configuration.ReplicaSetName}',members:[{{'_id':1,'host':'127.0.0.1:27017'}}]}}).ok}}";
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public Task<bool> UntilAsync(IContainer container)
+        {
+            return UntilAsync(container as MongoDbContainer);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="IWaitUntil.UntilAsync" />
+        private async Task<bool> UntilAsync(MongoDbContainer container)
+        {
+            var execResult = await container.ExecScriptAsync(_scriptContent)
+                .ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            return 0L.Equals(execResult.ExitCode);
+        }
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbConfiguration.cs b/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbConfiguration.cs
index b0f008ee6..b069b2959 100644
--- a/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbConfiguration.cs
+++ b/src/Testcontainers.MongoDb/MongoDbConfiguration.cs
@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ public sealed class MongoDbConfiguration : ContainerConfiguration
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="username">The MongoDb username.</param>
     /// <param name="password">The MongoDb password.</param>
+    /// <param name="replicaSetName">The replica set name.</param>
     public MongoDbConfiguration(
         string username = null,
-        string password = null)
+        string password = null,
+        string replicaSetName = null)
     {
         Username = username;
         Password = password;
+        ReplicaSetName = replicaSetName;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ public MongoDbConfiguration(MongoDbConfiguration oldValue, MongoDbConfiguration
     {
         Username = BuildConfiguration.Combine(oldValue.Username, newValue.Username);
         Password = BuildConfiguration.Combine(oldValue.Password, newValue.Password);
+        ReplicaSetName = BuildConfiguration.Combine(oldValue.ReplicaSetName, newValue.ReplicaSetName);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -68,4 +72,12 @@ public MongoDbConfiguration(MongoDbConfiguration oldValue, MongoDbConfiguration
     /// Gets the MongoDb password.
     /// </summary>
     public string Password { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the replica set name.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// If specified, the container will be started as a single-node replica set.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public string ReplicaSetName { get; }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Testcontainers/Images/DockerImage.cs b/src/Testcontainers/Images/DockerImage.cs
index ef7341c44..8347b3fbe 100644
--- a/src/Testcontainers/Images/DockerImage.cs
+++ b/src/Testcontainers/Images/DockerImage.cs
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public bool MatchVersion(Predicate<string> predicate)
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public bool MatchVersion(Predicate<Version> predicate)
     {
-      var versionMatch = Regex.Match(Tag, @"^(\d+)(\.\d+)?(\.\d+)?", RegexOptions.None, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+      var versionMatch = Regex.Match(Tag, "^(\\d+)(\\.\\d+)?(\\.\\d+)?", RegexOptions.None, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
 
       if (!versionMatch.Success)
       {
diff --git a/tests/Testcontainers.MongoDb.Tests/MongoDbContainerTest.cs b/tests/Testcontainers.MongoDb.Tests/MongoDbContainerTest.cs
index 732ab150f..81cfa2e46 100644
--- a/tests/Testcontainers.MongoDb.Tests/MongoDbContainerTest.cs
+++ b/tests/Testcontainers.MongoDb.Tests/MongoDbContainerTest.cs
@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ public abstract class MongoDbContainerTest : IAsyncLifetime
 {
     private readonly MongoDbContainer _mongoDbContainer;
 
-    private MongoDbContainerTest(MongoDbContainer mongoDbContainer)
+    private readonly bool _replicaSetEnabled;
+
+    private MongoDbContainerTest(MongoDbContainer mongoDbContainer, bool replicaSetEnabled = false)
     {
         _mongoDbContainer = mongoDbContainer;
+        _replicaSetEnabled = replicaSetEnabled;
     }
 
     public Task InitializeAsync()
@@ -49,6 +52,30 @@ public async Task ExecScriptReturnsSuccessful()
         Assert.Empty(execResult.Stderr);
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    [Trait(nameof(DockerCli.DockerPlatform), nameof(DockerCli.DockerPlatform.Linux))]
+    public async Task ReplicaSetStatus()
+    {
+        // Given
+        const string scriptContent = "rs.status().ok;";
+
+        // When
+        var execResult = await _mongoDbContainer.ExecScriptAsync(scriptContent)
+            .ConfigureAwait(true);
+
+        // Then
+        if (_replicaSetEnabled)
+        {
+            Assert.True(0L.Equals(execResult.ExitCode), execResult.Stderr);
+            Assert.Empty(execResult.Stderr);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(1L, execResult.ExitCode);
+            Assert.Equal("MongoServerError: not running with --replSet\n", execResult.Stderr);
+        }
+    }
+
     [UsedImplicitly]
     public sealed class MongoDbDefaultConfiguration : MongoDbContainerTest
     {
@@ -80,7 +107,25 @@ public MongoDbV5Configuration()
     public sealed class MongoDbV4Configuration : MongoDbContainerTest
     {
         public MongoDbV4Configuration()
-            : base(new MongoDbBuilder().WithImage("mongo:4.4").Build())
+            : base(new MongoDbBuilder().WithImage("mongo:4.4").Build(), true /* Replica set status returns "ok" in MongoDB 4.4 without initialization. */)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    [UsedImplicitly]
+    public sealed class MongoDbReplicaSetDefaultConfiguration : MongoDbContainerTest
+    {
+        public MongoDbReplicaSetDefaultConfiguration()
+            : base(new MongoDbBuilder().WithReplicaSet().Build(), true)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    [UsedImplicitly]
+    public sealed class MongoDbNamedReplicaSetConfiguration : MongoDbContainerTest
+    {
+        public MongoDbNamedReplicaSetConfiguration()
+            : base(new MongoDbBuilder().WithReplicaSet("rs1").Build(), true)
         {
         }
     }