feat(protocol): improve sync header storage on L2

[dantaik]

Now both the height and the hash of latest synced L1 block is known.

[dantaik]

@cyberhorsey I run tokenonmics tests but found there are errors:

commiting  12 with commit slot 3
proposing 12 with commit slot 3
Proposed block 0x765f1c9ef93964233b559131ac15a1f1b5d6c2618ab782e963832341fbe1a392
-----------PROPOSED--------------- 12 BigNumber { value: "4" }
NEW PROOF REWARD 0.989249431387414707  TKO
NEW PROPOSER TKO BALANCE 100.0  TKO
NEW BLOCK FEE 1.09375  TKO
AssertionError: expected false to equal true
    at JsonRpcProvider.<anonymous> (/Users/d/Projects/taiko/taiko-mono/packages/protocol/test/tokenomics/Tokenomics.test.ts:163:25)
    at runMicrotasks (<anonymous>)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5) {
  showDiff: true,
  actual: false,
  expected: true,
  operator: 'strictEqual'
}
    ✔ block fee should increase as the halving period passes, while no blocks are proposed (5105ms)
commiting  14 with commit slot 4
proposing 14 with commit slot 4
Proposed block 0xc81fa5dcb3903d311978cbefef04c648dc7e40648c901c324118ab0caf66997a
-----------PROPOSED--------------- 14 BigNumber { value: "5" }
NEW PROOF REWARD 0.989249431387414707  TKO
NEW PROPOSER TKO BALANCE 100.0  TKO
NEW BLOCK FEE 1.240234375  TKO
AssertionError: expected false to equal true
    at JsonRpcProvider.<anonymous> (/Users/d/Projects/taiko/taiko-mono/packages/protocol/test/tokenomics/Tokenomics.test.ts:163:25)
    at runMicrotasks (<anonymous>)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5) {
  showDiff: true,
  actual: false,
  expected: true,
  operator: 'strictEqual'
}
commiting  13 with commit slot 5
proposing 13 with commit slot 5
Proposed block 0x0aab62ee9acbd2f61aa2c279df36eaa025479bcb8b28030099b5202892f74484
-----------PROPOSED--------------- 13 BigNumber { value: "6" }
NEW PROOF REWARD 0.989249431387414707  TKO
NEW PROPOSER TKO BALANCE 100.0  TKO
NEW BLOCK FEE 1.240234375  TKO
AssertionError: expected false to equal true
    at JsonRpcProvider.<anonymous> (/Users/d/Projects/taiko/taiko-mono/packages/protocol/test/tokenomics/Tokenomics.test.ts:163:25)
    at runMicrotasks (<anonymous>)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5) {
  showDiff: true,
  actual: false,
  expected: true,
  operator: 'strictEqual'
}
    ✔ expects the blockFee to go be 0 when no periods have passed


  3 passing (34s)

Tests seem to pass, but there are assertion errors. Please take a look.

[cyberhorsey]

@dantaik the random tokenomics test failure is fixed in my prover_tests branch. We can ignore it here.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #13041 (922647f) into main (45153d9) will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is 50.00%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #13041   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   65.89%   65.89%           
=======================================
  Files         112      112           
  Lines        3064     3064           
  Branches      368      368           
=======================================
  Hits         2019     2019           
  Misses        969      969           
  Partials       76       76           

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
bridge-ui	92.61% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 45153d9
protocol	58.34% <50.00%> (ø)
relayer	69.10% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 45153d9
ui	100.00% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 45153d9

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/protocol/contracts/L2/TaikoL2.sol	52.94% <50.00%> (ø)

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