diff --git a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilter.java b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilter.java
index effaf0553de3..d2b8bfcac364 100644
--- a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilter.java
+++ b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilter.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@
 
 import io.micrometer.observation.Observation;
 import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry;
+import jakarta.servlet.AsyncEvent;
+import jakarta.servlet.AsyncListener;
 import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
 import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
 import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
+import jakarta.servlet.ServletRequest;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
@@ -94,11 +97,6 @@ public static Optional<ServerRequestObservationContext> findObservationContext(H
 		return Optional.ofNullable((ServerRequestObservationContext) request.getAttribute(CURRENT_OBSERVATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE));
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	protected boolean shouldNotFilterAsyncDispatch() {
-		return false;
-	}
-
 	@Override
 	@SuppressWarnings("try")
 	protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
@@ -114,8 +112,12 @@ protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
 			throw ex;
 		}
 		finally {
-			// Only stop Observation if async processing is done or has never been started.
-			if (!request.isAsyncStarted()) {
+			// If async is started, register a listener for completion notification.
+			if (request.isAsyncStarted()) {
+				request.getAsyncContext().addListener(new ObservationAsyncListener(observation));
+			}
+			// Stop Observation right now if async processing has not been started.
+			else {
 				Throwable error = fetchException(request);
 				if (error != null) {
 					observation.error(error);
@@ -140,13 +142,43 @@ private Observation createOrFetchObservation(HttpServletRequest request, HttpSer
 	}
 
 	@Nullable
-	private Throwable unwrapServletException(Throwable ex) {
+	static Throwable unwrapServletException(Throwable ex) {
 		return (ex instanceof ServletException) ? ex.getCause() : ex;
 	}
 
 	@Nullable
-	private Throwable fetchException(HttpServletRequest request) {
+	static Throwable fetchException(ServletRequest request) {
 		return (Throwable) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION);
 	}
 
+	private static class ObservationAsyncListener implements AsyncListener {
+
+		private final Observation currentObservation;
+
+		public ObservationAsyncListener(Observation currentObservation) {
+			this.currentObservation = currentObservation;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void onStartAsync(AsyncEvent event) {
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void onTimeout(AsyncEvent event) {
+			this.currentObservation.stop();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void onComplete(AsyncEvent event) {
+			this.currentObservation.stop();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void onError(AsyncEvent event) {
+			this.currentObservation.error(unwrapServletException(event.getThrowable()));
+			this.currentObservation.stop();
+		}
+
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilterTests.java b/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilterTests.java
index 0a3459e7af05..e873c58d44b1 100644
--- a/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilterTests.java
+++ b/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/filter/ServerHttpObservationFilterTests.java
@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ class ServerHttpObservationFilterTests {
 	private final MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
 
 
+	@Test
+	void filterShouldNotProcessAsyncDispatch() {
+		assertThat(this.filter.shouldNotFilterAsyncDispatch()).isTrue();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void filterShouldFillObservationContext() throws Exception {
 		this.filter.doFilter(this.request, this.response, this.mockFilterChain);
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ void filterShouldFillObservationContext() throws Exception {
 		assertThat(context.getCarrier()).isEqualTo(this.request);
 		assertThat(context.getResponse()).isEqualTo(this.response);
 		assertThat(context.getPathPattern()).isNull();
-		assertThatHttpObservation().hasLowCardinalityKeyValue("outcome", "SUCCESS");
+		assertThatHttpObservation().hasLowCardinalityKeyValue("outcome", "SUCCESS").hasBeenStopped();
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -109,6 +114,16 @@ void filterShouldSetDefaultErrorStatusForBubblingExceptions() {
 				.hasLowCardinalityKeyValue("status", "500");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void shouldCloseObservationAfterAsyncCompletion() throws Exception {
+		this.request.setAsyncSupported(true);
+		this.request.startAsync();
+		this.filter.doFilter(this.request, this.response, this.mockFilterChain);
+		this.request.getAsyncContext().complete();
+
+		assertThatHttpObservation().hasLowCardinalityKeyValue("outcome", "SUCCESS").hasBeenStopped();
+	}
+
 	private TestObservationRegistryAssert.TestObservationRegistryAssertReturningObservationContextAssert assertThatHttpObservation() {
 		return TestObservationRegistryAssert.assertThat(this.observationRegistry)
 				.hasObservationWithNameEqualTo("http.server.requests").that();