diff --git a/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/PhonologyServicesTest.cs b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/PhonologyServicesTest.cs index 78376e37..b27d6629 100644 --- a/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/PhonologyServicesTest.cs +++ b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/PhonologyServicesTest.cs @@ -90,6 +90,17 @@ private void SetDefaultVernacularWritingSystem(LcmCache cache, CoreWritingSystem m_cache.ServiceLocator.WritingSystems.DefaultVernacularWritingSystem = vernWritingSystem); } + private void TestProjects(string directory) + { + foreach (string subdir in Directory.GetDirectories(directory)) + foreach (string file in Directory.GetFiles(subdir, "*.fwdata")) + { + CreateTestCache(); + TestProject(subdir, file); + DestroyTestCache(); + } + } + private void TestProject(string projectsDirectory, string dbFileName) { var projectId = new TestProjectId(BackendProviderType.kXML, dbFileName); @@ -1223,5 +1234,15 @@ public void TestPhonologicalFeatures() TestXml(xdoc, xdoc2); } } + + private string PhonologyProjectsDirectory => Path.Combine(TestDirectoryFinder.RootDirectory, "tests", "SIL.LCModel.Tests", "DomainServices", "TestData", "PhonologyProjects"); + + [Test] + public void TestPhonologyProjects() + { + // You can test your personal projects with something like + // TestProjects("C:\\Users\\[MyAccount]\\FieldWorks\\DistFiles\\Projects") + TestProjects(PhonologyProjectsDirectory); + } } } diff --git a/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/.gitignore b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fb0dbe29 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +*/SharedSettings +*/WritingSystemStore diff --git a/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/project1/project1.fwdata b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/project1/project1.fwdata new file mode 100644 index 00000000..489b9f37 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/project1/project1.fwdata @@ -0,0 +1,26897 @@ + + + + + + +vowel neutralization -on + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + +vi + + + +IntransitiveVerb + + + + + +An intransitive verb is a verb that cannot take a direct object, and describes a property, state, or situation involving only one participant. + + + + + + +Intransitive verb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + +adv + + + +Adverb + + + + + +An adverb, narrowly defined, is a part of speech whose members modify verbs for such categories as time, manner, place, or direction. An adverb, broadly defined, is a part of speech whose members modify any constituent class of words other than nouns, such as verbs, adjectives, adverbs, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Under this definition, the possible type of modification depends on the class of the constituent being modified. + + + + + + +Adverb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + + + +k deletion + + + + + + + + + + +vt + + + +TransitiveVerb + + + + + +A transitive verb is a verb that takes a direct object, and describes a relation between two participants. + + + + + + +Transitive verb + + + + + + + + + +a spreads left changing o when following is a + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ +pong + +
+ + + +part + + + + + + +A particle is a word that does not belong to one of the main classes of words, is invariable in form, and typically has grammatical or pragmatic meaning. + + + + + + +particle + + + + + + + + +ConsNt + + + + + + + + + + + +Note written from consultant to translation team. + + + + + + + + + +Consultant Note + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + + + +d to dd intervocalically + + + + + + + + + + +low + + +fPALow + + + +“[+low] segments bunch the dorsum to a position low in the mouth.” + + + + +low + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ +ko + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +Default User + + + + + + + +lat + + +fPALateral + + + +“This feature designates the shape and positioning of the tongue with respect to the oral tract. [+lat] segments are produced as the center of the tongue rises to contact the roof of the mouth, thereby blocking air from flowing centrally through the oral tract and instead forcing more lateral flow along the lowered side(s) of the tongue.” + + + + +lateral + + + + + + + + +
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+ +um + +
+ + + +det + + + +Determiner + + + + + +A determiner is a part of speech whose members belong to a class of noun modifiers and express the reference, including quantity, of a noun. + + + + + + +Determiner + + + + + + + + + + +conj + + + +Connective + + + + + +Also known as a conjunction, a connective is a class of parts of speech whose members syntactically link words or larger constituents, and expresses a semantic relationship between them. A conjunction is positionally fixed relative to one or more of the elements related by it, thus distinguishing it from constituents such as English conjunctive adverbs. + + + + + + +Conjunction + + + + + + + +nas + + +fPANasal + + + +“This feature describes the position of the velum. [+nas] segments are produced by lowering the velum so that air can pass through the nasal tract. [-nas] segments conversely are produced with a raised velum, blocking the passages of air to the nasal tract and shunting it to the oral tract.” + + + + +nasal + + + + + + + + +
+ +talib + +
+ + + +ptcl + + + +Particle + + + + + +A particle is a part of speech whose members do not belong to one of the main classes of words, is invariable, and typically has grammatical or pragmatic meaning. + + + + + + +Particle + + + + + + + + + +None + + + + + + + + +No restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+pangamatan +
+ + + + +implosive + + +fPAImplosive + + + +“Stop consonant formed with a glottalic ingressive airstream, tat is, with inflowing release of air using suction developed by downward movement of the larynx while another complete obstruction is maintained further forward in the oral tract.” + + + + +implosive + + + + + + + + +
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+ +m + +
+ + +
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+ + + +contr. + + + + + + +A combination of two lexemes that are phonologically reduced. + + + + + + + + + +Contraction + + +contr. of + + +Contraction of + + + + + + +
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+ +saɗay + +
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +long + + +fPALong + + + +“This feature applies to long vs. short segments and is often in competition with [+/-tense].” + + + + +long + + + + + + + + + +
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+ +ko + +
+ + + +son + + +fPASonorant + + + +“This feature describes the type of oral constriction that can occur in the vocal tract. [+son] designates the vowels and sonorant consonants, which are produced without the imbalance of air pressure in the vocal tract that might cause turbulence. [-son] alternatively describes the obstruents, articulated with a noticeable turbulence caused by an imbalance of air pressure in the vocal tract.” + + + + +sonorant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ponginloowan +
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +recp + + + +ReciprocalPronoun + + + + + +A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a mutual feeling or action among the referents of a plural subject. + + + + + + +Reciprocal pronoun + + + + + + +
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+ + + +interrog + + + +InterrogativeProform + + + + + +An interrogative pro-form is a pro-form that is used in questions to stand for the item questioned. + + + + + + +Interrogative + + + + + + +
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +num + + + + + + + + + + +Numeral + + + + + +A numeral is a part of speech whose members function most typically as adjectives or pronouns and express a number, or relation to the number, such as one of the following: quantity, sequence, frequency, fraction. + + + + + + +Number + + + + + + + + + +
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+ +pom + +
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+ + +
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+ + + +deic + + + + + + + + +Deictic + + + + + + + + + + + + +voice + + +fPAVoice + + + +“This feature indicates whether vibration of the vocal folds occurs with the articulation of the segment.” + + + + +voice + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + +vb + + + +DitransitiveVerb + + + + + +A ditransitive verb is a verb that takes two objects. + + + + + + +Bitransitive verb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + +
+ +m + +
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+ +m + +
+ + +
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+songagaago +
+ + + +
+ +soɗoy + +
+ + +
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+ += + +
+ + + + + + + +
+kaamatan +
+ + + +
+ +m + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +vi imp + + + + + + + + +Verb imperative intrasitive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +an + +
+ + + ++ ++ + + +positive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +pong + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +lumbid + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +unspec. comp. form + + + + + + +A complex form that hasn't been labeled as a specific kind of complex form. + + + + + + +Unspecified Complex Form + + +unspec. comp. form of + + +Unspecified Complex Form of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Example (English) + + + + + + + +Blackboard + contains a stem that refers to "a large, smooth, usually dark surface on which to write or draw with chalk". However, the stem is made up of two roots, +black + and +board +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +A contraction is a combination of two lexemes, each of which maintains its own meaning. + + + + + + + +Example: hasn’t ‘has not’ + + + + + + + +Contractions are different from compounds. A compound, such as ‘hasbeen’, is a combination of two lexemes with an unpredictable change in meaning. There is no such change in meaning in a contraction. + + + + + + + + +Contractions are different from clitics. A clitic is a lexeme that is grammatically independent but attaches phonologically to any adjacent word. An example of a clitic is the English possessive –’s in the phrases ‘Elizabeth’s hat’, ‘the queen’s hat’, and ‘the queen of England’s hat’. The clitic –’s obligatorily attaches to whatever word precedes it. In contrast a contraction is a specific pair of words that regularly combines. The combination may be obligatory, as in the case of ‘let’s’, as in “Let’s go” (“Let us go” has a different meaning), or it may be optional, as in the case of ‘we’ve’, as in “We’ve been honored,” or “We have been honored.” + + + + + + + +Contractions are different from portmanteau morphemes. A portmanteau morpheme is a single, indivisible morpheme that combines two meanings that are usually expressed by separate morphemes. An example of a portmanteau morpheme is the word ‘were’ which is a single morpheme expressing the meaning of the lexeme ‘be’ and the grammatical category ‘Past.tense’. ‘Were’ cannot be divided into two morphemes. (Note that ‘busted’ can be divided into bust-ed ‘bust-Past.tense’.) In contrast the contraction ‘we’re’ (we are) can be divided into ‘we-’re’. + + + + + + + +One or both members of a contraction can be shortened. Most English contractions only shorten the second member, as in ‘I’m’ (I am), ‘it’s’ (it is), ‘isn’t’ (is not). Others shorten both members, as in ‘won’t’ (will not), ‘shan’t’ (shall not), ‘ain’t’ (am not). + + + + + + + +A contraction can combine more than two members, as in ‘wouldn’t’ve’ (would not have). + + + + + + + +English orthography uses the apostrophe to indicate the loss of a phoneme, as in ‘shouldn’t’ (should not). But when both words lose a phoneme, only one apostrophe is used, as in ‘shan’t’ (shall not). In writing sometimes a contraction is written out as two separate words, even when it would normally be shortened to the contracted form in speech. Other languages may or may not choose to follow these orthographic conventions. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +The derived word often has a different grammatical category from the original. It may thus take the inflectional affixes of the new grammatical category. + + + + + + + +In contrast to inflection, derivation + + + + + + + +• is not obligatory + + + + + + + +• typically produces a greater change of meaning from the original form + + + + + + + +• is more likely to result in a form which has a somewhat idiosyncratic meaning, and + + + + + + + +• often changes the grammatical category of a root. + + + + + + + +Derivational operations + + + + + + + +• tend to be idiosyncratic and non-productive + + + + + + + +• do not occur in well-defined 'paradigms,' and + + + + + + + +• are 'optional' insofar as they + + + + + + + + o shape the basic semantic content of roots and + + + + + + + + o are not governed by some other syntactic operation or element. + + + + + + + +Examples (English) + + + + + + + +• Kindness is derived from kind. + + + + + + + +• Joyful is derived from joy. + + + + + + + +• Amazement is derived from amaze. + + + + + + + +• Speaker is derived from speak. + + + + + + + +• National is derived from nation. + + + + + + + + + + +Kinds + + + + + + + + + + +Here are some kinds of derivational operations: + + + + + + + +• Operations that change the grammatical category of a root + + + + + + + +Example: Nominalization (English): + + + + + + + +Verbs and adjectives can be turned into nouns: amaze > amazement, speak > speaker, perform > performance, soft > softness, warm > warmth + + + + + + + +• Operations that change the valency (transitivity) of a root + + + + + + + +Example: Causation (Swahili): + + + + + + + +kula 'to eat' > kulisha, 'to feed' + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +An idiom is a multiword expression. Individual components of an idiom can often be inflected in the same way individual words in a phrase can be inflected. This inflection usually follows the same pattern of inflection as the idiom's literal counterpart. + + + + + + + + Example: have a bee in one's bonnet + + + + + + + + He has bees in his bonnet. + + + + + + + +An idiom behaves as a single semantic unit. + + + + + + + + It tends to have some measure of internal cohesion such that it can often be replaced by a literal counterpart that is made up of a single word. + + + + + + + + Example: kick the bucket + + + + + + + + die + + + + + + + + It resists interruption by other words whether they are semantically compatible or not. + + + + + + + + Example: pull one's leg + + + + + + + + *pull hard on one's leg + + + + + + + + *pull on one's left leg + + + + + + + + It resists reordering of its component parts. + + + + + + + + Example: let the cat out of the bag + + + + + + + + *the cat got left out of the bag + + + + + + + +An idiom has a non-productive syntactic structure. Only single particular lexemes can collocate in an idiomatic construction. Substituting other words from the same generic lexical relation set will destroy the idiomatic meaning of the expression. + + + + + + + + Example: eat one's words + + + + + + + + *eat one's sentences + + + + + + + + ?swallow one's words + + + + + + + +An idiom often shows the following characteristics: + + + + + + + + It is syntactically anomalous. It has an unusual grammatical structure. + + + + + + + + Example: by and large + + + + + + + + It contains unique, fossilized items. + + + + + + + + Examples: to and fro - fro < from = away (Scottish) + + + + + + + + cobweb - cob < cop = spider (Middle English) + + + + + + + +Some linguists contend that compound words may qualify as idioms, while others maintain that an idiom must be more lexically complex. + + + + + + + +Idioms contrast with the following: + + + + + + + + Metaphors satisfy the first requirement for an idiom, that their meaning be obscure, but not the second, that they not be productive. + + + + + + + + Examples: throw in the towel + + + + + + + + throw in the sponge + + + + + + + + Collocates may have restricted lexical possibilities or use archaic vocabulary such that they are not productive, but their meaning is not opaque. + + + + + + + + Examples: heavy drinking + + + + + + + + mete out + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Example (English) + + + + + + + + The item ‘give up’ is a phrasal verb, as in the following: + + + + + + + + He gave up smoking. + + + + + + + + He gave smoking up. + + + + + + + +Example (Akan) + + + + + + + + The item gyee ... so 'answered' is a phrasal verb, as in the following: + + + + + + + + Kofi gyee Kwame so + + + + + + + + Kofi received Kwame on + + + + + + + + 'Kofi answered Kwame.' + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Linguists generally assume that all differences in form are motivated in some way at some level. If two variants were truly free, there would be no factors that condition the choice of either variant and the choice would be totally random. However in many cases one variant is more common than the other, indicating that there is some conditioning factor at work. The apparent lack of conditioning factors may be due to a historical change that is in process (with the result that the older rule is being inconsistently applied), competing factors that mask each other, or such complex factors that the linguist is unable to sort out the conditioning. The result is that the two forms may appear to be in free variation, but may actually be conditioned. When no conditioning factor can be discerned, the general practice in linguistics is to label the forms Free Variants. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +The English verb 'hit' is irregular. From the normal rules of grammar we would expect the past tense to be 'hitted', since the normal way to form the past tense is to add the -ed suffix. Instead the correct past tense form is 'hit', as in, "He hit me yesterday." Likewise the past tense of 'break' is 'broke' rather than 'breaked'. So 'hit' (past) and 'broke' are irregularly inflected forms. In the same way the plural form of 'fish' is 'fish' rather than 'fishes', as in "There are many fish in the lake." The plural of 'man' is 'men', not 'mans'. So 'fish' (plural) and 'men' are irregularly inflected forms. + + + + + + + +Many dictionaries indicate irregularly inflected forms in the dictionary entry for the lexeme. Generally a minor entry for the irregularly inflected form is also included, especially in dictionaries for language learners who would not know where to find the entry for the basic (uninflected) form of the lexeme. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +RefTyp + + + + + + + + + + + +Lexical Relations + + + + + + + + + +<ParserParameters> + <XAmple> + <MaxNulls>1</MaxNulls> + <MaxPrefixes>5</MaxPrefixes> + <MaxInfixes>1</MaxInfixes> + <MaxSuffixes>5</MaxSuffixes> + <MaxInterfixes>0</MaxInterfixes> + <MaxAnalysesToReturn>10</MaxAnalysesToReturn> + </XAmple> + <HC> + <DelReapps>0</DelReapps> + <NotOnClitics>true</NotOnClitics> + <NoDefaultCompounding>true</NoDefaultCompounding> + <AcceptUnspecifiedGraphemes>false</AcceptUnspecifiedGraphemes> + </HC> + <ActiveParser>HC</ActiveParser> +</ParserParameters> + + + + + + + +ProdRests + + + + + + + + + + + +Productivity Restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +4006,4004007 + + + +Anthro Category + + +The Anthropology Categories field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches +subitems + + + + + + + +7,7008 + + + +Confidence + + +The Confidence field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +4006,4006003 + + + +Location + + +The Location field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches +subitems + + + + + + + +4006,4006008 + + + +Before Date + + +Date of Event <= the following date: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<= Month and Year(January, 2000) + + + + + + + +4006,4006008 + + + +After Date + + +Date of Event >= the following date: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +>= Month and Year(January, 2000) + + + + + + + +4006,4006008 + + + +Month + + +Date of Event = the following month: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + += Month(January) + + + + + + + +4006,4006007,0 + + + +Source + + +The Source field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + 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Payne(p. 129). + + + + + + +Grammatical Relations-Functional + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +A + + + + + + +The most Agent-like argument of a multi-argument clause (transitive). + + + + + + +A + + + + + + + +P + + + + + + +The most Patient-like argument of a multi-argument clause (transitive). + + + + + + +P + + + + + + + +S + + + + + + +The only nominal argument of a single argument clause (intransitive). + + + + + + +S + + + + + + + +Subj + + + + + + +The S or A argument in a Nominative/Accusative system of grammatical relations. + + + + + + +Subject + + + + + + + +Obj + + + + + + +Usually the P argument in a Nominative/Accusative system. The object most closely tied to the Verb syntactically. + + + + + + +Direct Object + + + + + + + +IO + + + + + + +An object less closely tied to the Verb syntactically than the Direct Object. + + + + + + +Indirect Object + + + + + + + +Erg + + + + + + +The A argument in an Ergative/Absolutive system of grammatical relations. + + + + + + +Ergative + + + + + + + +Abs + + + + + + +The S or P argument in an Ergative/Absolutive system of grammatical relations. + + + + + + +Absolutive + + + + + + + +Obl + + + + + + +A nominal with at best secondary relation to the Verb in a Clause. + + + + + + +Oblique + + + + + + + +Syn-Desc + + + + + + +A list of basic descriptive Syntax tags. + + + + + + +Syntax-Descriptive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +AdjP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of an Adjective and its modifiers. + + + + + + +Adjective Phrase + + + + + + + +AdvP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of an Adverb and its modifiers. + + + + + + +Adverb Phrase + + + + + + + +Cl + + + + + + +A group of words with a single central Verb Phrase. + + + + + + +Clause + + + + + + + +Chn + + + + + + +A chain of Clauses. + + + + + + +Clause Chain + + + + + + + +NP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of a Noun and its modifiers. + + + + + + +Noun Phrase + + + + + + + +PossP + + + + + + + + +Possessive Phrase + + + + + + + +PostP + + + + + + +An Adpositional Phrase where the central constituent follows the Nominal. + + + + + + +Postpositional Phrase + + + + + + + +PreP + + + + + + +An Adpositional Phrase where the central constituent precedes the Nominal. + + + + + + +Prepositional Phrase + + + + + + + +RelCl + + + + + + +A clause that serves as a noun modifier. + + + + + + +Relative Clause + + + + + + + +Sent + + + + + + +A complete grouping of one or more Clauses. + + + + + + +Sentence + + + + + + + +IP + + + + + + +A grouping of (usually) a Verb Phrase and its inflectional modifiers. + + + + + + +Inflectional Phrase + + + + + + + +VP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of a Verb and its direct modifiers. + + + + + + +Verb Phrase + + + + + + + +Sem-RRG + + + + + + +A list of Semantic tags based on an email from John Roberts about RRG. This will need further work when crossing trees are possible in FLEx. + + + + + + +Semantics-RRG + + + + + + + + + + + + +ACTOR + + + + + + +An RRG macrorole, most agentive. + + + + + + +ACTOR + + + + + + + +clit + + + + + + +A clitic is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but shows evidence of being phonologically bound to another word. Orthographically, it stands alone. + + + + + + +clitic + + + + + + + + +UNDER + + + + + + +An RRG macrorole, least agentive. + + + + + + +UNDERGOER + + + + + + + +NON-MR + + + + + + +Non-Macrorole argument. + + + + + + +NON-MACROROLE + + + + + + + +Syn-RRG + + + + + + +A list of Syntax tags based on an email from John Roberts about RRG. + + + + + + +Syntax-RRG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +SENT + + + + + + + + +SENTENCE + + + + + + + +CL + + + + + + + + +CLAUSE + + + + + + + +CORE + + + + + + + + +CORE + + + + + + + +NUC + + + + + + + + +NUCLEUS + + + + + + + +PRED + + + + + + + + +PREDICATE + + + + + + + +LDP + + + + + + + + +Left Detached Position + + + + + + + +RDP + + + + + + + + +Right Detached Position + + + + + + + +PrCS + + + + + + + + +Pre-core slot + + + + + + + +PoCS + + + + + + + + +Post-core slot + + + + + + + +PERI + + + + + + + + +PERIPHERY + + + + + + + +RP + + + + + + +Reference Phrase replaces the Noun Phrase(NP) in earlier RRG models (Van Valin 2006). + + + + + + +Reference Phrase + + + + + + + +PRO + + + + + + +Used for arguments represented by bound morphemes. + + + + + + +Pronominal Argument + + + + + + + +AUX + + + + + + +Non-predicative verbs required for the formation of particular syntactic constructions. + + + + + + +Auxiliary + + + + + + + +CORE-R + + + + + + +The CORE of a Reference Phrase. + + + + + + +CORE-R + + + + + + + +NUC-R + + + + + + +The NUCLEUS of a Reference Phrase. + + + + + + +NUCLEUS-R + + + + + + + +RPIP + + + + + + + + +Reference Phrase Initial Position + + + + + + + +RPFP + + + + + + + + +Reference Phrase Final Position + + + + + + + +PERI-R + + + + + + +The PERIPHERY of a Reference Phrase. + + + + + + +PERIPHERY-R + + + + + + + +MP + + + + + + + + +Modifier Phrase + + + + + + + +CORE-M + + + + + + +The CORE of a Modifier Phrase. + + + + + + +CORE-M + + + + + + + +NUC-M + + + + + + +The NUCLEUS of a Modifier Phrase. + + + + + + +NUCLEUS-M + + + + + + + +PP + + + + + + +PP is either Prepositional Phrase or Postpositional Phrase depending on the typology of the language. + + + + + + +Adpositional Phrase + + + + + + + +CORE-P + + + + + + +The CORE of an Adpositional Phrase(PP). + + + + + + +CORE-P + + + + + + + +NUC-P + + + + + + +The NUCLEUS of an Adpositional Phrase(PP). + + + + + + +NUCLEUS-P + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +ConChrtTempl + + + + + + + + + + + +Text Constituent Chart Templates + + + + + + + + + + + + +def + + + + + + + + +Default + + + + + + + + + + + + +prenuc + + + + + + + + +Pre-nuclear + + + + + + + + + + + +out + + + + + + + + +Outer + + + + + + + +in + + + + + + + + +Inner + + + + + + + +nuc + + + + + + + + +Nucleus + + + + + + + + + + + + +subj + + + + + + + + +Subject + + + + + + + +v + + + + + + + + +Verb + + + + + + + +o/c + + + + + + + + +Object/Complement + + + + + + + +postnuc + + + + + + + + +Post-nuclear + + + + + + + + + + + +in + + + + + + + + +Inner + + + + + + + +out + + + + + + + + +Outer + + + + + + + +ChMrkrs + + + + + + + + + + + +Text Chart Markers + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +TenseAspectMood + + + + + + + + +TenseAspectMood + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + + + + + +IMP.S + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + +IMP.P + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + +Subjunctive + + + + + + + + +Subjunctive + + + + + + + + + + + +SBV + + + + + + + + +Polite command + + + + + + + +SBV + + + + + + + + +Purpose + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional + + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional + + + + + + + + + + + +POT + + + + + + + + +Potential + + + + + + + +CND + + + + + + + + +(w/?r?) conditional + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional, contrary-to-fact + + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional, contrary-to-fact + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +CND.C.F + + + + + + + + +(w/ng?) conditional, C.F. + + + + + + + +POT.C.F P2 + + + + + + + + +Potential, C.F. Past + + + + + + + +CND C.F P2 + + + + + + + + +(w/ng?) conditional, C.F. Past + + + + + + + +CND C.F P2 + + + + + + + + +Conditional, C.F. Past + + + + + + + +CND.RS + + + + + + + + +If/when + + + + + + + +CND.TL + + + + + + + + +If/when + + + + + + + +YET.CND + + + + + + + + +If/when + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + +Temporal sequence + + + + + + + + +Temporal sequence + + + + + + + + + + + + +SQ + + + + + + + + +Sequential + + + + + + + +SBSC + + + + + + + + +Subsecutive + + + + + + + +SBSC.DST + + + + + + + + +Subsecutive distal + + + + + + + +Past + + + + + + + + +Past + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +P1 + + + + + + + + +Past, recent + + + + + + + +RS.FRUS + + + + + + + + +Frustrated (RS) + + + + + + + +P1.FRUS + + + + + + + + +Frustrated (P1) + + + + + + + +PREV PROG + + + + + + + + +Previous, progressive + + + + + + + +PREV INTS + + + + + + + + +Previous, intentional + + + + + + + +P2 + + + + + + + + +Past, before yesterday + + + + + + + +P2.ST + + + + + + + + +Past, before yest., state + + + + + + + +P2.ST-YET + + + + + + + + +Past, before yest., unrealized exp. + + + + + + + +P3 + + + + + + + + +Remote past + + + + + + + +Present + + + + + + + + +Present + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +PROG + + + + + + + + +Progressive state + + + + + + + +PERS PROG + + + + + + + + +Persistive progressive state + + + + + + + +NEWLY PROG + + + + + + + + +New progressive state + + + + + + + +PROG INTS + + + + + + + + +Intentional progressive state + + + + + + + +RS + + + + + + + + +Resultative state + + + + + + + +NEG-YET + + + + + + + + +Unrealized expectation + + + + + + + +Future + + + + + + + + +Future + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +F1 + + + + + + + + +Immediate + + + + + + + +NEWLY F1 + + + + + + + + +Future, immediate, newly + + + + + + + +F2 + + + + + + + + +Future, unmarked + + + + + + + +F2 + + + + + + + + +Intentional + + + + + + + +NEWLY F2 + + + + + + + + +Future, newly + + + + + + + +F3 + + + + + + + + +Remote future + + + + + + + +Pronouns + + + + + + + + +Pronouns + + + + + + + + + + + + + +P:Ctr + + + + + + + + +Contrastive + + + + + + + +P:Alt + + + + + + + + +Alternative + + + + + + + +P:Excl + + + + + + + + +Exclusive + + + + + + + +P:Add + + + + + + + + +Additive + + + + + + + +Demonstratives + + + + + + + + +Demonstratives + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +D:P.C + + + + + + + + +Proximal Contrastive + + + + + + + +D:Pr + + + + + + + + +Proximal + + + + + + + +D:Ne + + + + + + + + +Nearby + + + + + + + +D:Di + + + + + + + + +Distal + + + + + + + +D:Re + + + + + + + + +Remote + + + + + + + +D:Em.P.C + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Proximal Contrastive + + + + + + + +D:Em.Pr + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Proximal + + + + + + + +D:Em.Ne + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Nearby + + + + + + + +D:Em.Di + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Distal + + + + + + + +D:Em.Re + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Remote + + + + + + + +D:SaSet + + + + + + + + +Same.set + + + + + + + +D:DiSet + + + + + + + + +Different set + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +POT.C.F + + + + + + + + +Potential, C.F. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +EdLev + + + + + + + + + + + +Education Levels + + + + + + + + + +Part + + + + + + + + + + + +People + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Data Notebook + + + + + + + +Res + + + + + + + + + + + +Restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +low central unrounded vowel + + + + + + +a +a + + + + + + + + + +voiced bilabial stop + + + + + + +b +b + + + + + + + + + +voiced alveolar stop + + + + + + +d +d + + + + + + + + + +mid front unrounded vowel + + + + + + +e +e + + + + + + + + + +voiced velar stop + + + + + + +g +g + + + + + + + + + +high front unrounded vowel + + + + + + +i +i + + + + + + + + + +palatal approximant + + + + + + +j +j + + + + + + + + + +voiceless velar stop + + + + + + +k +k + + + + + + + + + +alveolar lateral + + + + + + +l +l + + + + + + + + + +bilabial nasal + + + + + + +m +m + + + + + + + + + +alveolar nasal + + + + + + +n +n + + + + + + + + + +mid back rounded vowel + + + + + + +o +o + + + + + + + + + +voiceless bilabial stop + + + + + + +p +p + + + + + + + + + +alveolar flap + + + + + + +r +r + + + + + + + + + +voiceless alveolar fricative + + + + + + +s +s + + + + +MjeTyp + + + + + + + + + + + +Morpheme Types + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +ifx + + + + + + +An infix is an affix that is inserted within a root or stem. + + + + + + +infix + + +- + + +- + + + + + + + + +pfx + + + + + + +A prefix is an affix that is joined before a root or stem. + + + + + + +prefix + + +- + + + + + + + + +smfx + + + + + + +A simulfix is a change or replacement of vowels or consonants (usually vowels) which changes the meaning of a word. (Note: the parser does not currently handle simulfixes.) + + + + + + +simulfix + + += + + += + + + + + + + + +sfx + + + + + + +A suffix is an affix that is attached to the end of a root or stem. + + + + + + +suffix + + +- + + + + + + + + +spfx + + + + + + +A suprafix is a kind of affix in which a suprasegmental is superimposed on one or more syllables of the root or stem, signalling a particular morphosyntactic operation. (Note: the parser does not currently handle suprafixes.) + + + + + + +suprafix + + +~ + + +~ + + + + + + + + +cfx + + + + + + +A circumfix is an affix made up of two separate parts which surround and attach to a root or stem. + + + + + + +circumfix + + + + + + + + +enclit + + + + + + +An enclitic is a clitic that is phonologically joined at the end of a preceding word to form a single unit. Orthographically, it may attach to the preceding word. + + + + + + +enclitic + + += + + + + + + + + +proclit + + + + + + +A proclitic is a clitic that precedes the word to which it is phonologically joined. Orthographically, it may attach to the following word. + + + + + + +proclitic + + += + + + + + + + + +bd root + + + + + + +A bound root is a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme. + + + + + + +bound root + + +* + + + + + + + + +ubd root + + + + + + +A root is the portion of a word that (i) is common to a set of derived or inflected forms, if any, when all affixes are removed, (ii) is not further analyzable into meaningful elements, being morphologically simple, and, (iii) carries the principle portion of meaning of the words in which it functions. + + + + + + +root + + + + + + + + +bd stem + + + + + + +A bound stem is a stem which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme. + + + + + + +bound stem + + +* + + + + + + + + +ubd stem + + + + + + +"A stem is the root or roots of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added." (LinguaLinks Library). A stem "may consist solely of a single root morpheme (i.e. a 'simple' stem as in +man +), or of two root morphemes (e.g. a 'compound' stem, as in +blackbird +), or of a root morpheme plus a derivational affix (i.e. a 'complex' stem, as in +manly +, +unmanly +, +manliness +). All have in common the notion that it is to the stem that inflectional affixes are attached." (Crystal, 1997:362) + + + + + + +stem + + + + + + + + +Type + + + + + + + + + + + +Translation Types + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +FT + + + + + + + + +Free translation + + + + + + + +LT + + + + + + + + +Literal translation + + + + + + + + + + + + +voiceless alveolar stop + + + + + + +t +t + + + + + + + + + +high back rounded vowel + + + + + + +u +u + + + + + + + + + +labiovelar approximant + + + + + + +w +w + + + + + + + + + +velar nasal + + + + + + +ŋ +ŋ + + + + +Time + + + + + + + + + + + +Time Of Day + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Stat + + + + + + + + + + + +Status + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +OCM + + + + + + +This list contains both Framework for Research and Methodology in Ethnography (FRAME) and the Outline of Cultural Materials (OCM) as well as some expanded lower-level categories. + + + + +OcmFrame.chm + + + + + + + +Anthropology Categories + + + + + + + + + +Loc + + + + + + + + + + + +Locations + + + + + + + + + +Role + + + + + + + + + + + +Roles + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Conf + + + + + + + + + + + +Confidence Levels + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Posn + + + + + + + + + + + +Positions + + + + + + + + + +Type + + + + + + + + + + + +Notebook Record Types + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potential inconsistencies in the use of punctuation. + + + + +Punctuation_Patterns + + + + + + + +Punctuation Patterns + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for unmatched parentheses or other punctuation that normally occurs in pairs. + + + + +Matching_Punctuation_Pairs + + + + + + + +Matching Punctuation Pairs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potential inconsistencies in the markup of quotations. + + + + +Quotation_Marks + + + + + + + +Quotation Marks + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Phonological Rule Features + + + + + + + + + + + + +AnnDefn + + + + + + +Annotation types defined for use in FieldWorks. + + + + + + + + + +Annotation Definitions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Cmt + + + + + + + + + + + +General category for comments of any kind. + + + + + + + + + +Comment + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potential inconsistencies in chapter and verse numbers. + + + + +Chapter_and_Verse_Numbers + + + + + + + +Chapter and Verse Numbers + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+soroopd +
+ + + +
+ +n + +
+ + +
+ +lawang + +
+ + +
+ +siddang + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +neg+pro + + + + + + +A contraction formed from a negative particle and a pronoun. + + + + + + +Negative+Pronoun + + + + + + +
+ +sɤrɤ + +
+ + + +- + + +vPASonorantNegative + + +negative + + + + +
+ +ko + +
+ + +
+ +noko + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +an + +
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/project2/project2.fwdata b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/project2/project2.fwdata new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4a3ce2c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainServices/TestData/PhonologyProjects/project2/project2.fwdata @@ -0,0 +1,17536 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- + + +vPAHighNegative + + +negative + + + + + +irreg. infl. +flex. irr. + + + + + + +An Irregularly Inflected Form is an inflected form of the lexeme that is different from what you would expect from the normal rules of the grammar. + + + + + + + +.irr.infl +.flex.irr + + + + +Irregularly Inflected Form +Forma flexionada irregularmente + + +irreg. infl. of +flex. irr. de + + +Irregularly Inflected Form of +Forma flexionada irregularmente de + + + + + + + + + + + +dial. var. +var. dial. + + + + + + +A variant of a lexeme, characteristically used by a specific demographic subset of the language. + + +Variante de un lexema de entrada principal característica de un subconjunto demográfico específico del idioma. + + + + + + + + + +Dialectal Variant +Variante dialectal + + +dial. var. of +var. dial. de + + +Dialectal Variant of +Variante dialectal de + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +able + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+irrespective +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+able +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +back + + +fPABack + + + +“[+back] segments are produced with the tongue dorsum bunched and retracted slightly to the back of the mouth. [-back] segments are bunched and extended slightly forward.” + + + + +back + + + + + + + + +
+possible +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +syl + + +fPASyllabic + + + +“Syllabic segments may function as the nucleus of a syllable, while their counterparts, the [-syl] segments, may not.” + + + + +syllabic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +sp. var. +var. ort. + + + + + + +A variant spelling of a lexeme. + + +Variante con ortografía irregular de un lexema de entrada importante que no se puede atribuir a variedad de habla. + + + + + + + + + +Spelling Variant +Variante ortográfica + + +sp. var. of +var. ort. de + + +Spelling Variant of +Variante ortográfica de + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +dis phr +fr. no. cont + + + + + + +A discontiguous phrase has discontiguous constituents which (a) are separated from each other by one or more intervening constituents, and (b) are considered either (i) syntactically contiguous and unitary, or (ii) realizing the same, single meaning. An example is French ne...pas. + + +Una frase no contigua tiene constituyentes no contiguos que (a) están separados el uno del otro por uno o más constituyentes que intervienen, y (b) se consideran o (i) contiguos o sintácticamente unitarios, o (ii) dando un solo significado. Un ejemplo es ne...pas del francés. + + + + + + +discontiguous phrase +frase no contigua + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Phon +Phon + + +Phon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Phon +Phon + + + + + + + +
+indescribable +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +M3Parser + + +Normal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- + + +vPADelayedReleaseNegative + + +negative + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Parts of Speech for Spanish Reversal Index + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +ifxnfx +interf. inf + + + + + + +An infixing interfix is an infix that can occur between two roots or stems. + + +Un interfijo de tipo infijo es un infijo que puede encontrarse entre dos raíces o temas. + + + + + + +infixing interfix +interfijo de tipo infijo + + +- + + +- + + + + + + + + + + + +Created automatically for rule "***" + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + +vPADelayedReleasePositive + + +positive + + + + + +EntTyp + + + + + + + + + + + +Complex Form Types +Tipos de forma compleja + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +comp. +comp. + + + + + + +A stem that is made up of more than one root. + + +Tema compuesto por más de una raíz. + + + + + + + + + +Compound +Compuesta + + +comp. of +comp. de + + +Compound of +Compuesta de + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +pt + + + + + + + + + + + +Used internally by the program to keep track of when some process was last applied to an object. + + + + + + + + + +Process Time + + + + + + + + + + +
+imagine +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + +vPAAnteriorPositive + + +positive + + + + + ++ + + +vPACoronalPositive + + +positive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +sh + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +tense + + +fPATense + + + +“This feature (mainly) applies to the position of the root of the tongue when articulating vowels. [+tense] vowels have an advanced tongue root. In fact, this feature is often referred to as Advanced tongue root, though there is a debate on whether tense and ATR are same or different features.” + + + + +tense + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + +vPAHighPositive + + +positive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +il + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +adj +adj + + + +Adjective + + + + + +An adjective is a part of speech whose members modify nouns. An adjective specifies the attributes of a noun referent. Note: this is one case among many. Adjectives are a class of modifiers. + + + + + + +Adjective +Adjetivo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + +vPASyllabicPositive + + +positive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +sfxnfx +interf. suf + + + + + + +A suffixing interfix is a suffix that can occur between two roots or stems. + + + + + + +suffixing interfix +interfijo de tipo sufijo + + +- + + + + + + + +
+climb +
+ + + + + + + +ph. v. +v. fr. + + + + + + +A combination of a lexical verb and a verbal particle that forms a single semantic and syntactic unit. + + +Es la combinación de un verbo léxico y una partícula verbal que forma una sola unidad semántica y sintáctica. + + + + + + + + + +Phrasal Verb +Verbo fraseal + + +ph. v. of +v. fras. de + + +Phrasal Verb of +Verbo fraseal de + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +h + + + + + + + +Voiceless glottal fricative + + + + + + +h + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+illegal +
+ + + +
+describe +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- + + +vPALowNegative + + +negative + + + + + + + + + +Morpheme boundary + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+respective +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+bear +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +fr. var. +var. lib. + + + + + + +If two forms are free variants, the same speaker might use either one in the same setting. The more frequent form would be considered the basic form. + + +Variante irregular que puede sustituir a un lexema de entrada principal en el mismo ambiente sin causar un cambio de significado. + + + + + + + + + +Free Variant +Variante libre + + +fr. var. of +var. lib. de + + +Free Variant of +Variante libre de + + + + + + + +unspec. var. + + + + + + +A variant form that hasn't been labeled as a specific kind of variant. + + + + + + +Unspecified Variant + + +unspec. var. of + + +Unspecified Variant of + + + + + + +
+ +in + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +Spanish +Spanish + + + + + +es + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+indecipherable +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+im +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +adv +adv + + + +Adverb + + + + + +An adverb, narrowly defined, is a part of speech whose members modify verbs for such categories as time, manner, place, or direction. An adverb, broadly defined, is a part of speech whose members modify any constituent class of words other than nouns, such as verbs, adjectives, adverbs, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Under this definition, the possible type of modification depends on the class of the constituent being modified. + + + + + + +Adverb +Adverbio + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+decipher +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Publications +Publicaciones + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +legal + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + +vPATensePositive + + +positive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +respective + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +HCParser + + +Normal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Sem + + + + + + + + + + + +Semantic Domains +Dominios semánticos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +part +part + + + + + + +A particle is a word that does not belong to one of the main classes of words, is invariable in form, and typically has grammatical or pragmatic meaning. + + +Una partícula es una palabra que no pertenece a ninguna de las clases principales de palabras, es invariable en forma, y típicamente tiene significado gramatical o pragmático. + + + + + + +particle +partícula + + + + + + + + +ConsNt + + + + + + + + + + + +Note written from consultant to translation team. + + + + + + + + + +Consultant Note + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- + + +vPACoronalNegative + + +negative + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +low + + +fPALow + + + +“[+low] segments bunch the dorsum to a position low in the mouth.” + + + + +low + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Default User + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+legal +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +related to +respetiva a + + + + + + + +- + + +vPABackNegative + + +negative + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +qu + + + + +ant + + +fPAAnterior + + + +“Anterior segments are articulated with the tip or blade of the tongue at or in front of the alveolar ridge.” + + + + +anterior + + + + + + + + + + + +English + + +en + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +cor + + +fPACoronal + + + +“Coronal sounds are articulated with the tip and/or blade of the tongue.” + + + + +coronal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potentially invalid characters. + + + + +Characters + + + + + + + +Characters + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Computer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +to explain something +describir + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +j + + + + +None + + + + + + + + +No restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +FrStp + + + + + +Front stops + + + + + + + + +
+ +bear + +
+ + + + + + + + + + +dr + + +fPADelayedRelease + + + +“This feature distinguishes stops from affricates. Affricates are designated [+dr].” + + + + +delayed release + + + + + + + + + +Main + + + + + + + + +Main Dictionary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for repeated words. + + + + +Repeated_Words + + + + + + + +Repeated Words + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +contr. +contr. + + + + + + +A combination of two lexemes that are phonologically reduced. + + + + + + + + + +Contraction +Contracción + + +contr. of +contr. de + + +Contraction of +Contracción de + + + + + + + +FlexStyles + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- + + +vPASyllabicNegative + + +negative + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +dʒ + + + + + + + +Affricate: Voiced alveolar plosive Voiced postalveolar fricative + + + + + + +j + + + + + + + +
+imbearable +
+ + + + ++ + + +vPAVoicePositive + + +positive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + += 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +im + +
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However, the stem is made up of two roots, +black + and +board +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +A contraction is a combination of two lexemes, each of which maintains its own meaning. + + + + + + + +Example: hasn’t ‘has not’ + + + + + + + +Contractions are different from compounds. A compound, such as ‘hasbeen’, is a combination of two lexemes with an unpredictable change in meaning. There is no such change in meaning in a contraction. + + + + + + + + +Contractions are different from clitics. A clitic is a lexeme that is grammatically independent but attaches phonologically to any adjacent word. An example of a clitic is the English possessive –’s in the phrases ‘Elizabeth’s hat’, ‘the queen’s hat’, and ‘the queen of England’s hat’. The clitic –’s obligatorily attaches to whatever word precedes it. In contrast a contraction is a specific pair of words that regularly combines. The combination may be obligatory, as in the case of ‘let’s’, as in “Let’s go” (“Let us go” has a different meaning), or it may be optional, as in the case of ‘we’ve’, as in “We’ve been honored,” or “We have been honored.” + + + + + + + +Contractions are different from portmanteau morphemes. A portmanteau morpheme is a single, indivisible morpheme that combines two meanings that are usually expressed by separate morphemes. An example of a portmanteau morpheme is the word ‘were’ which is a single morpheme expressing the meaning of the lexeme ‘be’ and the grammatical category ‘Past.tense’. ‘Were’ cannot be divided into two morphemes. (Note that ‘busted’ can be divided into bust-ed ‘bust-Past.tense’.) In contrast the contraction ‘we’re’ (we are) can be divided into ‘we-’re’. + + + + + + + +One or both members of a contraction can be shortened. Most English contractions only shorten the second member, as in ‘I’m’ (I am), ‘it’s’ (it is), ‘isn’t’ (is not). Others shorten both members, as in ‘won’t’ (will not), ‘shan’t’ (shall not), ‘ain’t’ (am not). + + + + + + + +A contraction can combine more than two members, as in ‘wouldn’t’ve’ (would not have). + + + + + + + +English orthography uses the apostrophe to indicate the loss of a phoneme, as in ‘shouldn’t’ (should not). But when both words lose a phoneme, only one apostrophe is used, as in ‘shan’t’ (shall not). In writing sometimes a contraction is written out as two separate words, even when it would normally be shortened to the contracted form in speech. Other languages may or may not choose to follow these orthographic conventions. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +The derived word often has a different grammatical category from the original. It may thus take the inflectional affixes of the new grammatical category. + + + + + + + +In contrast to inflection, derivation + + + + + + + +• is not obligatory + + + + + + + +• typically produces a greater change of meaning from the original form + + + + + + + +• is more likely to result in a form which has a somewhat idiosyncratic meaning, and + + + + + + + +• often changes the grammatical category of a root. + + + + + + + +Derivational operations + + + + + + + +• tend to be idiosyncratic and non-productive + + + + + + + +• do not occur in well-defined 'paradigms,' and + + + + + + + +• are 'optional' insofar as they + + + + + + + + o shape the basic semantic content of roots and + + + + + + + + o are not governed by some other syntactic operation or element. + + + + + + + +Examples (English) + + + + + + + +• Kindness is derived from kind. + + + + + + + +• Joyful is derived from joy. + + + + + + + +• Amazement is derived from amaze. + + + + + + + +• Speaker is derived from speak. + + + + + + + +• National is derived from nation. + + + + + + + + + + +Kinds + + + + + + + + + + +Here are some kinds of derivational operations: + + + + + + + +• Operations that change the grammatical category of a root + + + + + + + +Example: Nominalization (English): + + + + + + + +Verbs and adjectives can be turned into nouns: amaze > amazement, speak > speaker, perform > performance, soft > softness, warm > warmth + + + + + + + +• Operations that change the valency (transitivity) of a root + + + + + + + +Example: Causation (Swahili): + + + + + + + +kula 'to eat' > kulisha, 'to feed' + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +An idiom is a multiword expression. Individual components of an idiom can often be inflected in the same way individual words in a phrase can be inflected. This inflection usually follows the same pattern of inflection as the idiom's literal counterpart. + + + + + + + + Example: have a bee in one's bonnet + + + + + + + + He has bees in his bonnet. + + + + + + + +An idiom behaves as a single semantic unit. + + + + + + + + It tends to have some measure of internal cohesion such that it can often be replaced by a literal counterpart that is made up of a single word. + + + + + + + + Example: kick the bucket + + + + + + + + die + + + + + + + + It resists interruption by other words whether they are semantically compatible or not. + + + + + + + + Example: pull one's leg + + + + + + + + *pull hard on one's leg + + + + + + + + *pull on one's left leg + + + + + + + + It resists reordering of its component parts. + + + + + + + + Example: let the cat out of the bag + + + + + + + + *the cat got left out of the bag + + + + + + + +An idiom has a non-productive syntactic structure. Only single particular lexemes can collocate in an idiomatic construction. Substituting other words from the same generic lexical relation set will destroy the idiomatic meaning of the expression. + + + + + + + + Example: eat one's words + + + + + + + + *eat one's sentences + + + + + + + + ?swallow one's words + + + + + + + +An idiom often shows the following characteristics: + + + + + + + + It is syntactically anomalous. It has an unusual grammatical structure. + + + + + + + + Example: by and large + + + + + + + + It contains unique, fossilized items. + + + + + + + + Examples: to and fro - fro < from = away (Scottish) + + + + + + + + cobweb - cob < cop = spider (Middle English) + + + + + + + +Some linguists contend that compound words may qualify as idioms, while others maintain that an idiom must be more lexically complex. + + + + + + + +Idioms contrast with the following: + + + + + + + + Metaphors satisfy the first requirement for an idiom, that their meaning be obscure, but not the second, that they not be productive. + + + + + + + + Examples: throw in the towel + + + + + + + + throw in the sponge + + + + + + + + Collocates may have restricted lexical possibilities or use archaic vocabulary such that they are not productive, but their meaning is not opaque. + + + + + + + + Examples: heavy drinking + + + + + + + + mete out + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Example (English) + + + + + + + + The item ‘give up’ is a phrasal verb, as in the following: + + + + + + + + He gave up smoking. + + + + + + + + He gave smoking up. + + + + + + + +Example (Akan) + + + + + + + + The item gyee ... so 'answered' is a phrasal verb, as in the following: + + + + + + + + Kofi gyee Kwame so + + + + + + + + Kofi received Kwame on + + + + + + + + 'Kofi answered Kwame.' + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Linguists generally assume that all differences in form are motivated in some way at some level. If two variants were truly free, there would be no factors that condition the choice of either variant and the choice would be totally random. However in many cases one variant is more common than the other, indicating that there is some conditioning factor at work. The apparent lack of conditioning factors may be due to a historical change that is in process (with the result that the older rule is being inconsistently applied), competing factors that mask each other, or such complex factors that the linguist is unable to sort out the conditioning. The result is that the two forms may appear to be in free variation, but may actually be conditioned. When no conditioning factor can be discerned, the general practice in linguistics is to label the forms Free Variants. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +The English verb 'hit' is irregular. From the normal rules of grammar we would expect the past tense to be 'hitted', since the normal way to form the past tense is to add the -ed suffix. Instead the correct past tense form is 'hit', as in, "He hit me yesterday." Likewise the past tense of 'break' is 'broke' rather than 'breaked'. So 'hit' (past) and 'broke' are irregularly inflected forms. In the same way the plural form of 'fish' is 'fish' rather than 'fishes', as in "There are many fish in the lake." The plural of 'man' is 'men', not 'mans'. So 'fish' (plural) and 'men' are irregularly inflected forms. + + + + + + + +Many dictionaries indicate irregularly inflected forms in the dictionary entry for the lexeme. Generally a minor entry for the irregularly inflected form is also included, especially in dictionaries for language learners who would not know where to find the entry for the basic (uninflected) form of the lexeme. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +RefTyp + + + + + + + + + + + +Lexical Relations +Relaciones léxicas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +pt + + + + + + +A part/whole relation establishes a link between the sense for the whole (e.g., room), and senses for the parts (e.g., ceiling, wall, floor). + + + + + + + +Part + + +wh + + +Whole + + + + + + + +spec + + + + + + +A generic/specific relation establishes a link between the sense for the generic (e.g., bird), and senses for the specifics (e.g., robin, cardinal, dove). + + + + + + + +Specific + + +gen + + +Generic + + + + + + + +syn + + + + + + +Use this type for synonym relationships (e.g., fast, fleet, hasty). + + + + + + + +Synonyms + + + + + + + +ant + + + + + + +Use this type for antonym relationships (e.g., fast, slow). + + + + + + + +Antonym + + + + + + + +cal + + + + + + +Use this type for calendar relationships (e.g., days of week, months in year). + + + + + + + +Calendar + + + + + + + +cf + + + + + + +Use this type for relationships that cannot be classified by a specific label, or of which there are too few examples to warrant creating a custom lexical relation. + + + + + + + +Compare + + + + + + + +clf. for + + + + + + +Use this relation for linking classifiers to the words that they classify. + + + + + + + +Classified Noun + + +clf + + +Classifier + + + + + + + +<ParserParameters><XAmple><MaxPrefixes>5</MaxPrefixes><MaxInfixes>1</MaxInfixes><MaxSuffixes>5</MaxSuffixes><MaxInterfixes>0</MaxInterfixes><MaxNulls>1</MaxNulls><MaxAnalysesToReturn>10</MaxAnalysesToReturn></XAmple><ActiveParser>HC</ActiveParser></ParserParameters> + + + + + + + +ProdRests + + + + + + + + + + + +Productivity Restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + +4006,4004007 + + + +Anthro Category + + +The Anthropology Categories field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches +subitems + + + + + + + +7,7008 + + + +Confidence + + +The Confidence field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +4006,4006003 + + + +Location + + +The Location field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches +subitems + + + + + + + +4006,4006008 + + + +Before Date + + +Date of Event <= the following date: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<= Month and Year(January, 2000) + + + + + + + +4006,4006008 + + + +After Date + + +Date of Event >= the following date: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +>= Month and Year(January, 2000) + + + + + + + +4006,4006008 + + + +Month + + +Date of Event = the following month: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + += Month(January) + + + + + + + +4006,4006007,0 + + + +Source + + +The Source field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +4004,4004007 + + + +No Anthro Category + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Empty + + + + + + + +4006,4006001 + + + +Description + + +The Description field contains the following text: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Contains "" + + + + + + + +4006,4006004 + + + +Event Type + + +The Event Type field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches +subitems + + + + + + + +7,7007 + + + +No Restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Empty or Matches + + + + + + + + + + + + + +13,7008 + + + +Confidence + + +The Confidence field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +13,7007 + + + +No Restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Empty or Matches + + + + + + + + + + + + + +13,13006 + + + +Place of Birth + + +The Place of Birth field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches +subitems + + + + + + + +13,13009 + + + +Place of Residence + + +The Place of Residence field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches +subitems + + + + + + + +13,13011 + + + +Living + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Empty + + + + + + + +13,13008 + + + +Not Researcher + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potential inconsistencies in capitalization. + + + + +Capitalization + + + + + + + +Capitalization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for words with a potentially invalid mix of uppercase and lowercase letters. + + + + +Mixed_Capitalization + + + + + + + +Mixed Capitalization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +No + + + + + + + +26,7008 + + + +Confidence + + +The Confidence field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +26,7007 + + + +No Restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Empty or Matches + + + + + + + + + + + + + +12,7008 + + + +Confidence + + +The Confidence field matches the following reference: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +EntTyp + + + + + + + + + + + +Variant Types +Tipos de variante + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +12,7007 + + + +No Restrictions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Empty or Matches + + + + + + + + + + + + + +3018,34003 + + + +kstidConsultantNoteFilter + + + + + + + + + + + +3018,34003 + + + +kstidTranslatorNoteFilter + + + + + + + + + + + +3018,3018001 + + + +kstidOpenNoteFilter + + + + + + + + + + + +3018,3018002 + + + +kstidCategoryNoteFilter + + +Choose the category of note to display: + + + + + + + + + +High + + + + + + + + +High + + + + + + + +Med + + + + + + + + +Medium + + + + + + + +Low + + + + + + + + +Low + + + + + + + +Unk + + + + + + + + +Unknown + + + + + + + +NPub + + + + + + + + +Do not publish + + + + + + + +Case + + + + + + + + +Case by case + + + + + + + +Eye + + + + + + + + +Eyewitness + + + + + + + +Initr + + + + + + + + +Initiator + + + + + + + +Mdtr + + + + + + + + +Mediator + + + + + + + +Narrtr + + + + + + + + +Narrator + + + + + + + +Rptr + + + + + + + + +Reporter + + + + + + + +Conf + + + + + + + + +Confirmed + + + + + + + +Dis + + + + + + + + +Disproved + + + + + + + +Pend + + + + + + + + +Pending + + + + + + + +No + + + + + + + + +No Formal + + + + + + + +Pri + + + + + + + + +Primary + + + + + + + +JrHi + + + + + + + + +Junior High + + + + + + + +HS + + + + + + + + +High School + + + + + + + +UndGrad + + + + + + + + +Undergraduate + + + + + + + +Grad + + + + + + + + +Graduate + + + + + + + +Prof + + + + + + + + +Professor + + + + + + + +Pred + + + + + + + + +Predawn + + + + + + + +Morn + + + + + + + + +Morning + + + + + + + + + + + +EMorn + + + + + + + + +Early Morning + + + + + + + +LMorn + + + + + + + + +Late Morning + + + + + + + +Mid + + + + + + + + +Midday + + + + + + + +Aft + + + + + + + + +Afternoon + + + + + + + + + + + +EAft + + + + + + + + +Early Afternoon + + + + + + + +LAft + + + + + + + + +Late Afternoon + + + + + + + +Eve + + + + + + + + +Evening + + + + + + + +Night + + + + + + + + +Night + + + + + + + +Midnight + + + + + + + + +Midnight + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Affix Categories + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Main phoneme set + + + +Main phoneme set + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +# + + + + ++ + + + + +i + + + + +e + + + + +a + + + + +o + + + + +u + + + + +p + + + + +b + + + + +t + + + + +d + + + + +k + + + + +g + + + + +f + + + + +v + + + + +s + + + + +z + + + + +x + + + + +m + + + + +n + + + + +ng + + + + +l + + + + +r + + + + +w + + + + +y + + + + +Anthropology Categories + + + + + + + +gnrs + + + + + + +This list holds genre by which interlinear texts can be classified. + + + + + + + + + +Genres +Géneros + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +mnlg + + + + + + +A text with a single participant, typically a narrator addressing an audience + + + + + + +Monologue + + + + + + + + + + + + + +nar + + + + + + +An account of events, a text that describes or projects a contingent succession of actions + + + + + + +Narrative + + + + + + + + + + + + + +his + + + + + + +An account of real events + + + + + + +History + + + + + + + +fict + + + + + + +An account of invented events + + + + + + +Fiction + + + + + + + +tr. nar + + + + + + +A traditional account of events of unknown historicity + + + + + + +Traditional Narrative + + + + + + + +proph + + + + + + +An account of events that are projected to happen at a later time, typically involving a supernatural agency + + + + + + +Prophecy + + + + + + + +proc + + + + + + +A text that describes or explains a process + + + + + + +Procedure + + + + + + + + + + + +desc. proc + + + + + + +Describes how something was done + + + + + + +Descriptive Procedure + + + + + + + +pres. proc + + + + + + +Gives instructions about how to do something + + + + + + +Prescriptive Procedure + + + + + + + +beh. txt + + + + + + +A text that motivates or describes behavior without a framework of contingent succession + + + + + + +Behavioral Text + + + + + + + + + + + + + +hor. txt + + + + + + +A text intended to motivate the audience to do something or to act or to believe in a particular way; a.k.a. Motivational Text + + + + + + +Hortatory Text + + + + + + + +norm. txt + + + + + + +A text intended to express the norms of a society for the purpose of motivating someone to conform to those norms + + + + + + +Normative Text + + + + + + + +pro. txt + + + + + + +A text in which the originator promises to do something or to act or to believe in a particular way + + + + + + +Promissory Text + + + + + + + +beh. desc + + + + + + +A text, such as a Eulogy, that describes the accomplishments of a person without a contingent succession of actions + + + + + + +Behavioral Description + + + + + + + +expo + + + + + + +A text that explains something other than a behavior, a process or a succession of events; typically it explains facts or ideas + + + + + + +Exposition + + + + + + + + + + + + +proj + + + + + + +A text dealing with projected facts or planned status (not a proposal for action, which would be Hortatory; not focusing on human or divine agency, which would be Prophecy) + + + + + + +Projection + + + + + + + +desc. expo + + + + + + +Exposition that describes an object, location or situation in static terms + + + + + + +Descriptive Exposition + + + + + + + +did. expo + + + + + + +Exposition specifically intended for teaching another person about a body of facts + + + + + + +Didactic Exposition + + + + + + + +dia + + + + + + +Literal speech between individuals or quoted text that uses quotation formulas (typically using the verb 'to say') + + + + + + +Dialogue + + + + + + + + + + + + + +conv + + + + + + +Dialogue involving mutual cooperation between the speakers + + + + + + +Conversation + + + + + + + +verb. confl + + + + + + +Dialogue in which the speakers resist mutual resolution of one or more propositions + + + + + + +Verbal Conflict + + + + + + + +neg + + + + + + +Dialogue in which a speaker seeks to obtain a benefit from the other speaker + + + + + + +Negotiation + + + + + + + +dram + + + + + + +Acted out speech or quoted text that does not use quotation formulas + + + + + + +Drama + + + + + + + +wd. lst + + + + + + +A list of words used for language research or documentation + + + + + + +Word List + + + + + + + + + + + +para + + + + + + +A list of well-formed words, typically arranged according to inflection + + + + + + +Paradigm + + + + + + + +ill. wds + + + + + + +A list of words that are not well-formed in the language, e.g. an anti-paradigm or list of common misspellings + + + + + + +Ill-formed Words + + + + + + + +met. cat + + + + + + +Genre according to metrical form (versus content) + + + + + + +Metrical Category + + + + + + + + + + + +poet + + + + + + +Metrical arrangement of the text, typically employing rules for rhyme and rhythm + + + + + + +Poetry + + + + + + + +TxtTags + + + + + + + + + + + +Text Markup Tags +Etiquetas para marcar textos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +GrRel-Func + + + + + + +A list of Role tags based on the book "Describing Morphosyntax" by Thomas E. Payne(p. 129). + + + + + + +Grammatical Relations-Functional + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +A + + + + + + +The most Agent-like argument of a multi-argument clause (transitive). + + + + + + +A + + + + + + + +P + + + + + + +The most Patient-like argument of a multi-argument clause (transitive). + + + + + + +P + + + + + + + +S + + + + + + +The only nominal argument of a single argument clause (intransitive). + + + + + + +S + + + + + + + +Subj + + + + + + +The S or A argument in a Nominative/Accusative system of grammatical relations. + + + + + + +Subject + + + + + + + +Obj + + + + + + +Usually the P argument in a Nominative/Accusative system. The object most closely tied to the Verb syntactically. + + + + + + +Direct Object + + + + + + + +IO + + + + + + +An object less closely tied to the Verb syntactically than the Direct Object. + + + + + + +Indirect Object + + + + + + + +Erg + + + + + + +The A argument in an Ergative/Absolutive system of grammatical relations. + + + + + + +Ergative + + + + + + + +Abs + + + + + + +The S or P argument in an Ergative/Absolutive system of grammatical relations. + + + + + + +Absolutive + + + + + + + +Obl + + + + + + +A nominal with at best secondary relation to the Verb in a Clause. + + + + + + +Oblique + + + + + + + +Syn-Desc + + + + + + +A list of basic descriptive Syntax tags. + + + + + + +Syntax-Descriptive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +AdjP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of an Adjective and its modifiers. + + + + + + +Adjective Phrase + + + + + + + +AdvP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of an Adverb and its modifiers. + + + + + + +Adverb Phrase + + + + + + + +Cl + + + + + + +A group of words with a single central Verb Phrase. + + + + + + +Clause + + + + + + + +Chn + + + + + + +A chain of Clauses. + + + + + + +Clause Chain + + + + + + + +NP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of a Noun and its modifiers. + + + + + + +Noun Phrase + + + + + + + +PossP + + + + + + + + +Possessive Phrase + + + + + + + +PostP + + + + + + +An Adpositional Phrase where the central constituent follows the Nominal. + + + + + + +Postpositional Phrase + + + + + + + +PreP + + + + + + +An Adpositional Phrase where the central constituent precedes the Nominal. + + + + + + +Prepositional Phrase + + + + + + + +RelCl + + + + + + +A clause that serves as a noun modifier. + + + + + + +Relative Clause + + + + + + + +Sent + + + + + + +A complete grouping of one or more Clauses. + + + + + + +Sentence + + + + + + + +IP + + + + + + +A grouping of (usually) a Verb Phrase and its inflectional modifiers. + + + + + + +Inflectional Phrase + + + + + + + +VP + + + + + + +A phrase consisting of a Verb and its direct modifiers. + + + + + + +Verb Phrase + + + + + + + +Sem-RRG + + + + + + +A list of Semantic tags based on an email from John Roberts about RRG. This will need further work when crossing trees are possible in FLEx. + + + + + + +Semantics-RRG + + + + + + + + + + + + +ACTOR + + + + + + +An RRG macrorole, most agentive. + + + + + + +ACTOR + + + + + + + +clit +clít + + + + + + +A clitic is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but shows evidence of being phonologically bound to another word. Orthographically, it stands alone. + + +Un clítico es un morfema que tiene características sintácticas de una palabra, pero muestra evidencia de estar ligado fonológicamente a otra. Ortográficamente se mantiene aparte. + + + + + + +clitic +clítico + + + + + + + + +UNDER + + + + + + +An RRG macrorole, least agentive. + + + + + + +UNDERGOER + + + + + + + +NON-MR + + + + + + +Non-Macrorole argument. + + + + + + +NON-MACROROLE + + + + + + + +Syn-RRG + + + + + + +A list of Syntax tags based on an email from John Roberts about RRG. + + + + + + +Syntax-RRG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +SENT + + + + + + + + +SENTENCE + + + + + + + +CL + + + + + + + + +CLAUSE + + + + + + + +CORE + + + + + + + + +CORE + + + + + + + +NUC + + + + + + + + +NUCLEUS + + + + + + + +PRED + + + + + + + + +PREDICATE + + + + + + + +LDP + + + + + + + + +Left Detached Position + + + + + + + +RDP + + + + + + + + +Right Detached Position + + + + + + + +PrCS + + + + + + + + +Pre-core slot + + + + + + + +PoCS + + + + + + + + +Post-core slot + + + + + + + +PERI + + + + + + + + +PERIPHERY + + + + + + + +RP + + + + + + +Reference Phrase replaces the Noun Phrase(NP) in earlier RRG models (Van Valin 2006). + + + + + + +Reference Phrase + + + + + + + +PRO + + + + + + +Used for arguments represented by bound morphemes. + + + + + + +Pronominal Argument + + + + + + + +AUX + + + + + + +Non-predicative verbs required for the formation of particular syntactic constructions. + + + + + + +Auxiliary + + + + + + + +CORE-R + + + + + + +The CORE of a Reference Phrase. + + + + + + +CORE-R + + + + + + + +NUC-R + + + + + + +The NUCLEUS of a Reference Phrase. + + + + + + +NUCLEUS-R + + + + + + + +RPIP + + + + + + + + +Reference Phrase Initial Position + + + + + + + +RPFP + + + + + + + + +Reference Phrase Final Position + + + + + + + +PERI-R + + + + + + +The PERIPHERY of a Reference Phrase. + + + + + + +PERIPHERY-R + + + + + + + +MP + + + + + + + + +Modifier Phrase + + + + + + + +CORE-M + + + + + + +The CORE of a Modifier Phrase. + + + + + + +CORE-M + + + + + + + +NUC-M + + + + + + +The NUCLEUS of a Modifier Phrase. + + + + + + +NUCLEUS-M + + + + + + + +PP + + + + + + +PP is either Prepositional Phrase or Postpositional Phrase depending on the typology of the language. + + + + + + +Adpositional Phrase + + + + + + + +CORE-P + + + + + + +The CORE of an Adpositional Phrase(PP). + + + + + + +CORE-P + + + + + + + +NUC-P + + + + + + +The NUCLEUS of an Adpositional Phrase(PP). + + + + + + +NUCLEUS-P + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +ConChrtTempl + + + + + + + + + + + +Text Constituent Chart Templates +Plantillas para tabla de texto + + + + + + + + + + + + +def + + + + + + + + +Default Template + + + + + + + + + + + + +prenuc + + + + + + + + +Pre-nuclear + + + + + + + + + + + +out + + + + + + + + +Outer + + + + + + + +in + + + + + + + + +Inner + + + + + + + +nuc + + + + + + + + +Nucleus + + + + + + + + + + + + +subj + + + + + + + + +Subject + + + + + + + +v + + + + + + + + +Verb + + + + + + + +o/c + + + + + + + + +Object/Complement + + + + + + + +postnuc + + + + + + + + +Post-nuclear + + + + + + + + + + + +in + + + + + + + + +Inner + + + + + + + +out + + + + + + + + +Outer + + + + + + + +ChMrkrs + + + + + + + + + + + +Text Chart Markers +Marcadores para la tabla de texto + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +TenseAspectMood + + + + + + + + +TenseAspectMood + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + + + + + +IMP.S + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + +IMP.P + + + + + + + + +Direct imperative + + + + + + + +Subjunctive + + + + + + + + +Subjunctive + + + + + + + + + + + +SBV + + + + + + + + +Polite command + + + + + + + +SBV + + + + + + + + +Purpose + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional + + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional + + + + + + + + + + + +POT + + + + + + + + +Potential + + + + + + + +CND + + + + + + + + +(w/?r?) conditional + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional, contrary-to-fact + + + + + + + + +Potential/conditional, contrary-to-fact + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +CND.C.F + + + + + + + + +(w/ng?) conditional, C.F. + + + + + + + +POT.C.F P2 + + + + + + + + +Potential, C.F. Past + + + + + + + +CND C.F P2 + + + + + + + + +(w/ng?) conditional, C.F. Past + + + + + + + +CND C.F P2 + + + + + + + + +Conditional, C.F. Past + + + + + + + +CND.RS + + + + + + + + +If/when + + + + + + + +CND.TL + + + + + + + + +If/when + + + + + + + +YET.CND + + + + + + + + +If/when + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + + +Timeless + + + + + + + +Temporal sequence + + + + + + + + +Temporal sequence + + + + + + + + + + + + +SQ + + + + + + + + +Sequential + + + + + + + +SBSC + + + + + + + + +Subsecutive + + + + + + + +SBSC.DST + + + + + + + + +Subsecutive distal + + + + + + + +Past + + + + + + + + +Past + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +P1 + + + + + + + + +Past, recent + + + + + + + +RS.FRUS + + + + + + + + +Frustrated (RS) + + + + + + + +P1.FRUS + + + + + + + + +Frustrated (P1) + + + + + + + +PREV PROG + + + + + + + + +Previous, progressive + + + + + + + +PREV INTS + + + + + + + + +Previous, intentional + + + + + + + +P2 + + + + + + + + +Past, before yesterday + + + + + + + +P2.ST + + + + + + + + +Past, before yest., state + + + + + + + +P2.ST-YET + + + + + + + + +Past, before yest., unrealized exp. + + + + + + + +P3 + + + + + + + + +Remote past + + + + + + + +Present + + + + + + + + +Present + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +PROG + + + + + + + + +Progressive state + + + + + + + +PERS PROG + + + + + + + + +Persistive progressive state + + + + + + + +NEWLY PROG + + + + + + + + +New progressive state + + + + + + + +PROG INTS + + + + + + + + +Intentional progressive state + + + + + + + +RS + + + + + + + + +Resultative state + + + + + + + +NEG-YET + + + + + + + + +Unrealized expectation + + + + + + + +Future + + + + + + + + +Future + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +F1 + + + + + + + + +Immediate + + + + + + + +NEWLY F1 + + + + + + + + +Future, immediate, newly + + + + + + + +F2 + + + + + + + + +Future, unmarked + + + + + + + +F2 + + + + + + + + +Intentional + + + + + + + +NEWLY F2 + + + + + + + + +Future, newly + + + + + + + +F3 + + + + + + + + +Remote future + + + + + + + +Pronouns + + + + + + + + +Pronouns + + + + + + + + + + + + + +P:Ctr + + + + + + + + +Contrastive + + + + + + + +P:Alt + + + + + + + + +Alternative + + + + + + + +P:Excl + + + + + + + + +Exclusive + + + + + + + +P:Add + + + + + + + + +Additive + + + + + + + +Demonstratives + + + + + + + + +Demonstratives + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +D:P.C + + + + + + + + +Proximal Contrastive + + + + + + + +D:Pr + + + + + + + + +Proximal + + + + + + + +D:Ne + + + + + + + + +Nearby + + + + + + + +D:Di + + + + + + + + +Distal + + + + + + + +D:Re + + + + + + + + +Remote + + + + + + + +D:Em.P.C + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Proximal Contrastive + + + + + + + +D:Em.Pr + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Proximal + + + + + + + +D:Em.Ne + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Nearby + + + + + + + +D:Em.Di + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Distal + + + + + + + +D:Em.Re + + + + + + + + +Emphatic Remote + + + + + + + +D:SaSet + + + + + + + + +Same.set + + + + + + + +D:DiSet + + + + + + + + +Different set + + + + + + + + +Matches + + + + + + + +pros + + + + + + +Non-metrical arrangement of the text, typically using the grammar of ordinary speech + + + + + + +Prose + + + + + + + +POT.C.F + + + + + + + + +Potential, C.F. + + + + + + + +C + + + +Consonants + + + +Consonants + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +V + + + +Vowels + + + +Vowels + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +EdLev + + + + + + + + + + + +Education Levels +Niveles de educación + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Part + + + + + + + + + + + +People +Gente + + + + + + + + + + + + +Res + + + + + + + + + + + +Restrictions +Restricciones + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +a + + + + + + + +low central unrounded vowel + + + + + + +a + + + + + +b + + + + + + + +voiced bilabial stop + + + + + + +b + + + + + +d + + + + + + + +voiced alveolar stop + + + + + + +d + + + + + +e + + + + + + + +mid front unrounded vowel + + + + + + +e + + + + + +f + + + + + + + +voiceless labiodental fricative + + + + + + +f + + + + + +g + + + + + + + +voiced velar stop + + + + + + +g + + + + + +i + + + + + + + +high front unrounded vowel + + + + + + +i + + + + + +y + + + + + + + +palatal approximant + + + + + + +y + + + + + +k + + + + + + + + + +voiceless velar stop + + + + + + +k + + + + + +l + + + + + + + +alveolar lateral + + + + + + +l + + + + + +m + + + + + + + +bilabial nasal + + + + + + +m + + + + + +n + + + + + + + +alveolar nasal + + + + + + +n + + + + + +o + + + + + + + +mid back rounded vowel + + + + + + +o + + + + + +p + + + + + + + +voiceless bilabial stop + + +Plosivo bilabial sordo + + + + + + +p + + + + + +ɾ + + + + + + + +alveolar flap + + + + + + +r + + + + + +s + + + + + + + +voiceless alveolar fricative + + + + + + +s + + + + +Not User-Facing (do not localize) + + + + + + + + + + + +Morpheme Types +Tipos de morfemas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +ifx +infij + + + + + + +An infix is an affix that is inserted within a root or stem. + + +Un infijo es un afijo que se introduce dentro de la raíz o tema. + + + + + + +infix +infijo + + +- + + +- + + + + + + + + +pfx +pref + + + + + + +A prefix is an affix that is joined before a root or stem. + + +Un prefijo es un afijo que se anexa antes de la raíz o tema. + + + + + + +prefix +prefijo + + +- + + + + + + + + +smfx +simulf + + + + + + +A simulfix is a change or replacement of vowels or consonants (usually vowels) which changes the meaning of a word. (Note: the parser does not currently handle simulfixes.) + + +Un simulfijo es un cambio o reemplazo de vocales o consonantes (generalmente vocales) que cambia el significado de la palabra. (Nota: actualmente el analizador no maneja simulfijos). + + + + + + +simulfix +simulfijo + + += + + += + + + + + + + + +sfx +suf + + + + + + +A suffix is an affix that is attached to the end of a root or stem. + + +Un sufijo es un afijo que se anexa al final de una raíz o tema. + + + + + + +suffix +sufijo + + +- + + + + + + + + +spfx +supraf + + + + + + +A suprafix is a kind of affix in which a suprasegmental is superimposed on one or more syllables of the root or stem, signalling a particular morphosyntactic operation. (Note: the parser does not currently handle suprafixes.) + + +Un suprafijo es un tipo de afijo en el cual un suprasegmental se sobrepone en una o más sílabas de la raíz o tema, lo que indica una operación morfosintáctica específica. (Nota: actualmente el analizador no maneja suprafijos.) + + + + + + +suprafix +suprafijo + + +~ + + +~ + + + + + + + + +cfx +circunf + + + + + + +A circumfix is an affix made up of two separate parts which surround and attach to a root or stem. + + +Un circunfijo es un afijo que se compone de dos partes separadas que rodean y se anexan a la raíz o tema. + + + + + + +circumfix +circunfijo + + + + + + + + +enclit +enclít + + + + + + +An enclitic is a clitic that is phonologically joined at the end of a preceding word to form a single unit. Orthographically, it may attach to the preceding word. + + +Un enclítico es un clítico que está anexado fonológicamente al final de una palabra que le precede para formar una sola unidad. Se puede anexar ortográficamente a la palabra que le precede. + + + + + + +enclitic +enclítico + + += + + + + + + + + +proclit +proclít + + + + + + +A proclitic is a clitic that precedes the word to which it is phonologically joined. Orthographically, it may attach to the following word. + + +Un proclítico es un clítico que precede a la palabra a la que está fonológicamente anexado. Se puede anexar ortográficamente a la palabra siguiente. + + + + + + +proclitic +proclítico + + += + + + + + + + + +bd root +raíz. lig + + + + + + +A bound root is a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme. + + +Una raíz ligada es una raíz que no se encuentra como una palabra separada de cualquier otro morfema. + + + + + + +bound root +raíz ligada + + +* + + + + + + + + +ubd root +raíz. no. lig + + + + + + +A root is the portion of a word that (i) is common to a set of derived or inflected forms, if any, when all affixes are removed, (ii) is not further analyzable into meaningful elements, being morphologically simple, and, (iii) carries the principal portion of meaning of the words in which it functions. + + + + + + +root +raíz + + + + + + + + +bd stem +tem. lig + + + + + + +A bound stem is a stem which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme. + + +Un tema ligado es un tema que no se encuentra como una palabra separada de cualquier otro morfema. + + + + + + +bound stem +tema ligado + + +* + + + + + + + + +ubd stem +tem. no. liga + + + + + + +"A stem is the root or roots of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added." (LinguaLinks Library). A stem "may consist solely of a single root morpheme (i.e. a 'simple' stem as in +man +), or of two root morphemes (e.g. a 'compound' stem, as in +blackbird +), or of a root morpheme plus a derivational affix (i.e. a 'complex' stem, as in +manly +, +unmanly +, +manliness +). All have in common the notion that it is to the stem that inflectional affixes are attached." (Crystal, 1997:362) + + +“Un tema es la raíz o raíces de una palabra, junto con cualquier afijo derivado, al que se añaden afijos inflectivos.” (LinguaLinks Library). Un tema “puede componerse de un solo morfema de raíz (p.ej. un tema ‘simple’ como hombre), o de dos morfemas de raíz (p.ej. un tema ‘compuesto’, como en mediodía), o de un morfema de raíz más un afijo derivado (p.ej. un tema ‘complejo’ como en gustar, disgustar, disgusto). Todos tienen en común la idea que es al tema al que se anexan los afijos inflectivos.” (Crystal, 1997:362) + + + + + + +stem +tema + + + + + + + + +Type + + + + + + + + + + + +Translation Types +Tipos de traducción + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +FT +trad. lib + + + + + + + + +Free translation +Traducción libre + + + + + + + +LT +trad. lit + + + + + + + + +Literal translation +Traducción literal + + + + + + + + +t + + + + + + + +voiceless alveolar stop + + + + + + +t + + + + + +u + + + + + + + +high back rounded vowel + + + + + + +u + + + + + +v + + + + + + + +voiced labiodental fricative + + + + + + +v + + + + + +w + + + + + + + +labiovelar approximant + + + + + + +w + + + + + +ks + + + + + + + +voiceless velar plosive + alveolar fricative + + + + + + +x + + + + + +z + + + + + + + +voiced alveolar fricative + + + + + + +z + + + + + +ŋ + + + + + + + +velar nasal + + + + + + +ng + + + + +Time + + + + + + + + + + + +Time Of Day +Hora del día + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Stat + + + + + + + + + + + +Status +Estado + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Categorías antropológicas + + + + + + + + + +Loc +ubic + + + + + + + + + + + +Locations +Ubicaciones + + + + + + + + + +Role + + + + + + + + + + + +Roles + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Conf + + + + + + + + + + + +Confidence Levels +Niveles de confiabilidad + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Posn + + + + + + + + + + + +Positions +Posiciones + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potential inconsistencies in the use of punctuation. + + + + +Punctuation_Patterns + + + + + + + +Punctuation Patterns + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for unmatched parentheses or other punctuation that normally occurs in pairs. + + + + +Matching_Punctuation_Pairs + + + + + + + +Matching Punctuation Pairs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potential inconsistencies in the markup of quotations. + + + + +Quotation_Marks + + + + + + + +Quotation Marks + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Phonological Rule Features + + + + + + + + + +AnnDefn + + + + + + +Annotation types defined for use in FieldWorks. + + + + + + + + + +Annotation Definitions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Cmt + + + + + + + + + + + +General category for comments of any kind. + + + + + + + + + +Comment + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Checks for potential inconsistencies in chapter and verse numbers. + + + + +Chapter_and_Verse_Numbers + + + + + + + +Chapter and Verse Numbers + + + + + + + + + + + + +- + + +vPASonorantNegative + + +negative + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file