diff --git a/.github/workflows/conformance.yml b/.github/workflows/conformance.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70f7e463444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/conformance.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Copyright 2024 The Sigstore Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: Conformance Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  conformance:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.22'
+          check-latest: true
+
+      - run: make cosign conformance
+
+      - uses: sigstore/sigstore-conformance@ee4de0e602873beed74cf9e49d5332529fe69bf6 # v0.0.11
+        with:
+          entrypoint: ${{ github.workspace }}/conformance
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 07d138360da..c67b4032fb9 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export KO_DOCKER_REPO=$(KO_PREFIX)
 GHCR_PREFIX ?= ghcr.io/sigstore/cosign
 LATEST_TAG ?=
 
-.PHONY: all lint test clean cosign cross
+.PHONY: all lint test clean cosign conformance cross
 all: cosign
 
 log-%:
@@ -106,6 +106,9 @@ lint: golangci-lint ## Run golangci-lint linter
 test:
 	$(GOEXE) test $(shell $(GOEXE) list ./... | grep -v third_party/)
 
+conformance:
+	$(GOEXE) build -trimpath -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $@ ./cmd/conformance
+
 clean:
 	rm -rf cosign
 	rm -rf dist/
diff --git a/cmd/conformance/main.go b/cmd/conformance/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..420e16bd631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/conformance/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Sigstore Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	protobundle "github.com/sigstore/protobuf-specs/gen/pb-go/bundle/v1"
+	protocommon "github.com/sigstore/protobuf-specs/gen/pb-go/common/v1"
+	"github.com/sigstore/sigstore-go/pkg/bundle"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
+)
+
+var bundlePath *string
+var certPath *string
+var certOIDC *string
+var certSAN *string
+var identityToken *string
+var signaturePath *string
+var trustedRootPath *string
+
+func usage() {
+	fmt.Println("Usage:")
+	fmt.Printf("\t%s sign --identity-token TOKEN --signature FILE --certificate FILE FILE\n", os.Args[0])
+	fmt.Printf("\t%s sign-bundle --identity-token TOKEN --bundle FILE FILE\n", os.Args[0])
+	fmt.Printf("\t%s verify --signature FILE --certificate FILE --certificate-identity IDENTITY --certificate-oidc-issuer URL [--trusted-root FILE] FILE\n", os.Args[0])
+	fmt.Printf("\t%s verify-bundle --bundle FILE --certificate-identity IDENTITY --certificate-oidc-issuer URL [--trusted-root FILE] FILE\n", os.Args[0])
+}
+
+func parseArgs() {
+	for i := 2; i < len(os.Args); {
+		switch os.Args[i] {
+		// TODO: support staging (see https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/2434)
+		//
+		// Today cosign signing does not yet use sigstore-go, and so we would
+		// need to make some clever invocation of `cosign initialize` to
+		// support staging. Instead it might make sense to wait for cosign
+		// signing to use sigstore-go.
+		case "--bundle":
+			bundlePath = &os.Args[i+1]
+			i += 2
+		case "--certificate":
+			certPath = &os.Args[i+1]
+			i += 2
+		case "--certificate-oidc-issuer":
+			certOIDC = &os.Args[i+1]
+			i += 2
+		case "--certificate-identity":
+			certSAN = &os.Args[i+1]
+			i += 2
+		case "--identity-token":
+			identityToken = &os.Args[i+1]
+			i += 2
+		case "--signature":
+			signaturePath = &os.Args[i+1]
+			i += 2
+		case "--trusted-root":
+			trustedRootPath = &os.Args[i+1]
+			i += 2
+		default:
+			i++
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
+		usage()
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	parseArgs()
+
+	args := []string{}
+
+	switch os.Args[1] {
+	case "sign":
+		args = append(args, "sign-blob")
+		if signaturePath != nil {
+			args = append(args, "--output-signature", *signaturePath)
+		}
+		if certPath != nil {
+			args = append(args, "--output-certificate", *certPath)
+		}
+		args = append(args, "-y")
+
+	case "sign-bundle":
+		args = append(args, "sign-blob")
+		args = append(args, "-y")
+
+	case "verify":
+		args = append(args, "verify-blob")
+
+		// TODO: for now, we handle `verify` by constructing a bundle
+		// (see https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/3700)
+		//
+		// Today cosign only supports `--trusted-root` with the new bundle
+		// format. When cosign supports `--trusted-root` with detached signed
+		// material, we can supply this content with `--certificate`
+		// and `--signature` instead.
+		fileBytes, err := os.ReadFile(os.Args[len(os.Args)-1])
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		fileDigest := sha256.Sum256(fileBytes)
+
+		pb := protobundle.Bundle{
+			MediaType: "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle+json;version=0.1",
+		}
+
+		if signaturePath != nil {
+			sig, err := os.ReadFile(*signaturePath)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			sigBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(string(sig))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			pb.Content = &protobundle.Bundle_MessageSignature{
+				MessageSignature: &protocommon.MessageSignature{
+					MessageDigest: &protocommon.HashOutput{
+						Algorithm: protocommon.HashAlgorithm_SHA2_256,
+						Digest:    fileDigest[:],
+					},
+					Signature: sigBytes,
+				},
+			}
+		}
+		if certPath != nil {
+			cert, err := os.ReadFile(*certPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			pemCert, _ := pem.Decode(cert)
+			if pemCert == nil {
+				log.Fatalf("unable to load cerficate from %s", *certPath)
+			}
+
+			signingCert := protocommon.X509Certificate{
+				RawBytes: pemCert.Bytes,
+			}
+
+			pb.VerificationMaterial = &protobundle.VerificationMaterial{
+				Content: &protobundle.VerificationMaterial_X509CertificateChain{
+					X509CertificateChain: &protocommon.X509CertificateChain{
+						Certificates: []*protocommon.X509Certificate{&signingCert},
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		bundleFile, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "bundle.sigstore.json")
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		bundleFileName := bundleFile.Name()
+		pbBytes, err := protojson.Marshal(&pb)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(bundleFileName, pbBytes, 0600); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		bundlePath = &bundleFileName
+		args = append(args, "--insecure-ignore-tlog")
+
+	case "verify-bundle":
+		args = append(args, "verify-blob")
+
+		// How do we know if we should expect signed timestamps or not?
+		// Let's crack open the bundle
+		if bundlePath != nil {
+			b, err := bundle.LoadJSONFromPath(*bundlePath)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			ts, err := b.Timestamps()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if len(ts) > 0 {
+				args = append(args, "--use-signed-timestamps")
+			}
+		}
+
+	default:
+		log.Fatalf("Unsupported command %s", os.Args[1])
+	}
+
+	if bundlePath != nil {
+		args = append(args, "--bundle", *bundlePath)
+		args = append(args, "--new-bundle-format")
+	}
+	if identityToken != nil {
+		args = append(args, "--identity-token", *identityToken)
+	}
+	if certSAN != nil {
+		args = append(args, "--certificate-identity", *certSAN)
+	}
+	if certOIDC != nil {
+		args = append(args, "--certificate-oidc-issuer", *certOIDC)
+	}
+	if trustedRootPath != nil {
+		args = append(args, "--trusted-root", *trustedRootPath)
+	}
+	args = append(args, os.Args[len(os.Args)-1])
+
+	dir := filepath.Dir(os.Args[0])
+	cmd := exec.Command(filepath.Join(dir, "cosign"), args...) // #nosec G204
+	var out strings.Builder
+	cmd.Stdout = &out
+	cmd.Stderr = &out
+	err := cmd.Run()
+
+	fmt.Println(out.String())
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if os.Args[1] == "sign" && certPath != nil {
+		// We want the signature to be base64 encoded, but not the certificate
+		// So base64 decode the certificate
+		cert, err := os.ReadFile(*certPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		certB64Decode, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(string(cert))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(*certPath, certB64Decode, 0600); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob.go b/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob.go
index b1574bf2ae2..79475c90d80 100644
--- a/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob.go
+++ b/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob.go
@@ -93,11 +93,16 @@ func (c *VerifyBlobCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, blobRef string) error {
 	}
 
 	if c.KeyOpts.NewBundleFormat {
+		if options.NOf(c.RFC3161TimestampPath, c.TSACertChainPath, c.RekorURL, c.CertChain, c.CARoots, c.CAIntermediates, c.CertRef, c.SigRef, c.SCTRef) > 1 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("when using --new-bundle-format, please supply signed content with --bundle and verification content with --trusted-root")
+		}
 		err := verifyNewBundle(ctx, c.BundlePath, c.TrustedRootPath, c.KeyRef, c.Slot, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertOidcIssuer, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertOidcIssuerRegexp, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertIdentity, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertIdentityRegexp, c.CertGithubWorkflowTrigger, c.CertGithubWorkflowSHA, c.CertGithubWorkflowName, c.CertGithubWorkflowRepository, c.CertGithubWorkflowRef, blobRef, c.Sk, c.IgnoreTlog, c.UseSignedTimestamps, c.IgnoreSCT)
 		if err == nil {
 			ui.Infof(ctx, "Verified OK")
 		}
 		return err
+	} else if c.TrustedRootPath != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("--trusted-root only supported with --new-bundle-format")
 	}
 
 	var cert *x509.Certificate
diff --git a/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_attestation.go b/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_attestation.go
index b8bec7b1756..3f2c33cc63b 100644
--- a/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_attestation.go
+++ b/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_attestation.go
@@ -93,11 +93,16 @@ func (c *VerifyBlobAttestationCommand) Exec(ctx context.Context, artifactPath st
 	}
 
 	if c.KeyOpts.NewBundleFormat {
+		if options.NOf(c.RFC3161TimestampPath, c.TSACertChainPath, c.RekorURL, c.CertChain, c.CARoots, c.CAIntermediates, c.CertRef, c.SCTRef) > 1 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("when using --new-bundle-format, please supply signed content with --bundle and verification content with --trusted-root")
+		}
 		err = verifyNewBundle(ctx, c.BundlePath, c.TrustedRootPath, c.KeyRef, c.Slot, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertOidcIssuer, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertOidcIssuerRegexp, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertIdentity, c.CertVerifyOptions.CertIdentityRegexp, c.CertGithubWorkflowTrigger, c.CertGithubWorkflowSHA, c.CertGithubWorkflowName, c.CertGithubWorkflowRepository, c.CertGithubWorkflowRef, artifactPath, c.Sk, c.IgnoreTlog, c.UseSignedTimestamps, c.IgnoreSCT)
 		if err == nil {
 			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Verified OK")
 		}
 		return err
+	} else if c.TrustedRootPath != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("--trusted-root only supported with --new-bundle-format")
 	}
 
 	var identities []cosign.Identity
diff --git a/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_test.go b/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_test.go
index 8dd77c81af9..6b1b127052c 100644
--- a/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_test.go
+++ b/cmd/cosign/cli/verify/verify_blob_test.go
@@ -619,6 +619,10 @@ func TestVerifyBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			if tt.newBundle {
 				cmd.TrustedRootPath = writeTrustedRootFile(t, td, "{\"mediaType\":\"application/vnd.dev.sigstore.trustedroot+json;version=0.1\"}")
+				cmd.KeyOpts.RekorURL = ""
+				cmd.KeyOpts.RFC3161TimestampPath = ""
+				cmd.KeyOpts.TSACertChainPath = ""
+				cmd.CertChain = ""
 			}
 
 			err := cmd.Exec(context.Background(), blobPath)
diff --git a/test/e2e_test.go b/test/e2e_test.go
index 97444ad002a..f0e36328b6f 100644
--- a/test/e2e_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e_test.go
@@ -1619,6 +1619,50 @@ func TestSignBlobBundle(t *testing.T) {
 	must(verifyBlobCmd.Exec(ctx, bp), t)
 }
 
+func TestSignBlobNewBundle(t *testing.T) {
+	td1 := t.TempDir()
+
+	blob := "someblob"
+	blobPath := filepath.Join(td1, blob)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(blobPath, []byte(blob), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	bundlePath := filepath.Join(td1, "bundle.sigstore.json")
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	_, privKeyPath, pubKeyPath := keypair(t, td1)
+
+	ko1 := options.KeyOpts{
+		KeyRef:          pubKeyPath,
+		BundlePath:      bundlePath,
+		NewBundleFormat: true,
+	}
+
+	verifyBlobCmd := cliverify.VerifyBlobCmd{
+		KeyOpts:    ko1,
+		IgnoreTlog: true,
+	}
+
+	// Verify should fail before bundle is written
+	mustErr(verifyBlobCmd.Exec(ctx, blobPath), t)
+
+	// Produce signed bundle
+	ko := options.KeyOpts{
+		KeyRef:          privKeyPath,
+		PassFunc:        passFunc,
+		BundlePath:      bundlePath,
+		NewBundleFormat: true,
+	}
+
+	if _, err := sign.SignBlobCmd(ro, ko, blobPath, true, "", "", false); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify should succeed now that bundle is written
+	must(verifyBlobCmd.Exec(ctx, blobPath), t)
+}
+
 func TestSignBlobRFC3161TimestampBundle(t *testing.T) {
 	td := t.TempDir()
 	err := downloadAndSetEnv(t, rekorURL+"/api/v1/log/publicKey", env.VariableSigstoreRekorPublicKey.String(), td)