diff --git a/adapters/discord/src/utils.ts b/adapters/discord/src/utils.ts
index 81e4f1d6..b8e4189e 100644
--- a/adapters/discord/src/utils.ts
+++ b/adapters/discord/src/utils.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export const decodeUser = (user: Discord.User): Universal.User => ({
   id: user.id,
   name: user.username,
   userId: user.id,
-  avatar: `https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/${user.id}/${user.avatar}.png`,
+  avatar: user.avatar && `https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/${user.id}/${user.avatar}.png`,
   username: user.username,
   discriminator: user.discriminator,
   isBot: user.bot || false,
diff --git a/adapters/matrix/src/bot.ts b/adapters/matrix/src/bot.ts
index e5401317..ed7008ed 100644
--- a/adapters/matrix/src/bot.ts
+++ b/adapters/matrix/src/bot.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { Bot, Context, omit, Quester, Schema, Universal } from '@satorijs/satori
 import { HttpAdapter } from './http'
 import { MatrixMessageEncoder } from './message'
 import * as Matrix from './types'
-import { adaptMessage, dispatchSession } from './utils'
+import { adaptMessage, decodeUser, dispatchSession } from './utils'
 
 export class MatrixBot extends Bot<MatrixBot.Config> {
   static MessageEncoder = MatrixMessageEncoder
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ export class MatrixBot extends Bot<MatrixBot.Config> {
     super(ctx, config)
     this.id = config.id
     this.platform = 'matrix'
-    this.userId = `@${this.id}:${this.config.host}`
+    this.user.id = `@${this.id}:${this.config.host}`
+    this.user.name = config.name || this.id
     this.endpoint = (config.endpoint || `https://${config.host}`) + '/_matrix'
     this.internal = new Matrix.Internal(this)
     ctx.plugin(HttpAdapter, this)
@@ -73,21 +74,14 @@ export class MatrixBot extends Bot<MatrixBot.Config> {
 
   async getUser(userId: string) {
     const profile = await this.internal.getProfile(userId)
-    let avatar: string
-    if (profile.avatar_url) avatar = this.internal.getAssetUrl(profile.avatar_url)
-    return {
-      id: userId,
-      name: profile.displayname,
-      userId,
-      avatar,
-      username: userId,
-      nickname: profile.displayname,
-    }
+    const user = decodeUser(profile, userId)
+    user.avatar = user.avatar && this.internal.getAssetUrl(user.avatar)
+    return user
   }
 
   async getGuild(guildId: string) {
     const { id, name } = await this.getChannel(guildId)
-    return { id, name, guildId, guildName: name }
+    return { id, name }
   }
 
   async getChannel(id: string) {
@@ -114,14 +108,7 @@ export class MatrixBot extends Bot<MatrixBot.Config> {
       .map(event => {
         const content = event.content as Matrix.M_ROOM_MEMBER
         return {
-          user: {
-            id: event.state_key,
-            name: event.state_key,
-          },
-          userId: event.state_key,
-          username: event.state_key,
-          nickname: content.displayname,
-          avatar: this.internal.getAssetUrl(content.avatar_url),
+          user: decodeUser(content, event.state_key),
           isBot: !!this.ctx.bots.find(bot => bot.userId === event.state_key),
           roles: [levels.users[event.state_key].toString()],
         }
@@ -130,7 +117,8 @@ export class MatrixBot extends Bot<MatrixBot.Config> {
   }
 
   async getGuildMember(guildId: string, userId: string) {
-    return (await this.getGuildMemberList(guildId)).data.find(user => user.userId === userId)
+    const { data } = await this.getGuildMemberList(guildId)
+    return data.find(member => member.user.id === userId)
   }
 
   async createReaction(channelId: string, messageId: string, emoji: string) {
diff --git a/adapters/matrix/src/message.ts b/adapters/matrix/src/message.ts
index fa255d69..f4dd6fdd 100644
--- a/adapters/matrix/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/matrix/src/message.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export class MatrixMessageEncoder extends MessageEncoder<MatrixBot> {
       const session = this.bot.session(this.session)
       const { data, filename, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(url)
       const id = await this.bot.internal.sendMediaMessage(
-        this.channelId, type, Buffer.from(data), this.reply?.messageId, mime, filename,
+        this.channelId, type, Buffer.from(data), this.reply?.id, mime, filename,
       )
       session.messageId = id
       this.results.push(session)
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ export class MatrixMessageEncoder extends MessageEncoder<MatrixBot> {
     try {
       const session = this.bot.session(this.session)
       if (this.reply) {
-        this.buffer = `> <${this.reply.userId}> ${this.reply.content}\n\n` + this.buffer
+        this.buffer = `> <${this.reply.user.id}> ${this.reply.content}\n\n` + this.buffer
       }
       const id = await this.bot.internal.sendTextMessage(
-        this.channelId, this.buffer, this.reply?.messageId,
+        this.channelId, this.buffer, this.reply?.id,
       )
       session.messageId = id
       this.results.push(session)
diff --git a/adapters/matrix/src/utils.ts b/adapters/matrix/src/utils.ts
index 8f1685b0..8d8506c2 100644
--- a/adapters/matrix/src/utils.ts
+++ b/adapters/matrix/src/utils.ts
@@ -3,32 +3,29 @@ import { MatrixBot } from './bot'
 import * as Matrix from './types'
 import { INode, ITag, parse, SyntaxKind } from 'html5parser'
 
-export function adaptAuthor(bot: MatrixBot, event: Matrix.ClientEvent): Universal.Author {
-  return {
-    userId: event.sender,
-    username: event.sender,
-    isBot: !!bot.ctx.bots.find(bot => bot.userId === event.sender),
-  }
-}
+export const decodeUser = (data: Matrix.Profile, id: string): Universal.User => ({
+  id,
+  name: data.displayname,
+  avatar: data.avatar_url,
+})
 
-export async function adaptMessage(bot: MatrixBot, event: Matrix.ClientEvent, result: Universal.Message = {}): Promise<Universal.Message> {
-  result.messageId = event.event_id
-  result.channelId = event.room_id
-  result.guildId = event.room_id
-  result.userId = event.sender
-  result.timestamp = event.origin_server_ts
-  result.author = adaptAuthor(bot, event)
-  result.isDirect = false
-  const content = event.content as Matrix.M_ROOM_MESSAGE
+export async function adaptMessage(
+  bot: MatrixBot,
+  data: Matrix.ClientEvent,
+  message: Universal.Message = {},
+  payload: Universal.Message | Universal.EventData = message,
+): Promise<Universal.Message> {
+  message.id = message.messageId = data.event_id
+  const content = data.content as Matrix.M_ROOM_MESSAGE
   const reply = content['m.relates_to']?.['m.in_reply_to']
   if (reply) {
-    result.quote = await bot.getMessage(event.room_id, reply.event_id)
+    message.quote = await bot.getMessage(data.room_id, reply.event_id)
   }
   switch (content.msgtype) {
     case 'm.text':
     case 'm.emote':
     case 'm.notice': {
-      result.content = parsseContent(bot, content)
+      message.content = parsseContent(bot, content)
       break
     }
     case 'm.image':
@@ -37,15 +34,29 @@ export async function adaptMessage(bot: MatrixBot, event: Matrix.ClientEvent, re
     case 'm.video': {
       const url = bot.internal.getAssetUrl((content as any).url)
       const type = content.msgtype.substring(2)
-      result.content = segment(type === 'audio' ? 'record' : type, { url }).toString()
+      message.content = segment(type === 'audio' ? 'record' : type, { url }).toString()
       break
     }
     default:
       return null
   }
   // result.content is not a setter if result is a Universal.Message
-  result.elements ??= segment.parse(result.content)
-  return result
+  message.elements ??= segment.parse(message.content)
+
+  if (!payload) return message
+  payload.timestamp = data.origin_server_ts
+  payload.channel = {
+    id: data.room_id,
+    type: Universal.Channel.Type.TEXT,
+  }
+  payload.guild = {
+    id: data.room_id,
+  }
+  payload.user = {
+    id: data.sender,
+  }
+  payload.member = {}
+  return message
 }
 
 export async function adaptSession(bot: MatrixBot, event: Matrix.ClientEvent): Promise<Session> {
@@ -60,7 +71,7 @@ export async function adaptSession(bot: MatrixBot, event: Matrix.ClientEvent): P
     } else {
       session.type = 'message'
     }
-    if (!await adaptMessage(bot, event, session)) return null
+    if (!await adaptMessage(bot, event, session.data.message = {}, session.data)) return null
     return session
   }
   session.userId = event.sender
@@ -68,7 +79,6 @@ export async function adaptSession(bot: MatrixBot, event: Matrix.ClientEvent): P
   session.channelId = event.room_id
   session.messageId = event.event_id
   session.timestamp = event.origin_server_ts
-  session.author = adaptAuthor(bot, event)
   session.isDirect = false
   switch (event.type) {
     case 'm.room.redaction': {
@@ -88,7 +98,7 @@ export async function adaptSession(bot: MatrixBot, event: Matrix.ClientEvent): P
     case 'm.room.member': {
       bot.syncRooms()
       const memberEvent = event.content as Matrix.M_ROOM_MEMBER
-      session.targetId = (memberEvent as any).state_key
+      session['targetId'] = (memberEvent as any).state_key
       session.operatorId = event.sender
       session.messageId = event.event_id
       if (memberEvent.reason) {
diff --git a/adapters/onebot/src/bot/base.ts b/adapters/onebot/src/bot/base.ts
index 117fbce6..fb9319b9 100644
--- a/adapters/onebot/src/bot/base.ts
+++ b/adapters/onebot/src/bot/base.ts
@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ export class BaseBot<T extends BaseBot.Config = BaseBot.Config> extends Bot<T> {
 
   async getLogin() {
     const data = await this.internal.getLoginInfo()
-    this.user = OneBot.adaptUser(data)
+    this.user = OneBot.decodeUser(data)
     return this.toJSON()
   }
 
   async getUser(userId: string) {
     const data = await this.internal.getStrangerInfo(userId)
-    return OneBot.adaptUser(data)
+    return OneBot.decodeUser(data)
   }
 
   async getFriendList() {
     const data = await this.internal.getFriendList()
-    return { data: data.map(OneBot.adaptUser) }
+    return { data: data.map(OneBot.decodeUser) }
   }
 
   async handleFriendRequest(messageId: string, approve: boolean, comment?: string) {
diff --git a/adapters/onebot/src/bot/index.ts b/adapters/onebot/src/bot/index.ts
index c3f97a7a..dac45600 100644
--- a/adapters/onebot/src/bot/index.ts
+++ b/adapters/onebot/src/bot/index.ts
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ export class OneBotBot<T extends OneBotBot.Config = OneBotBot.Config> extends Ba
 
   async getGuildMember(guildId: string, userId: string) {
     const data = await this.internal.getGroupMemberInfo(guildId, userId)
-    return OneBot.adaptGuildMember(data)
+    return OneBot.decodeGuildMember(data)
   }
 
   async getGuildMemberList(guildId: string) {
     const data = await this.internal.getGroupMemberList(guildId)
-    return { data: data.map(OneBot.adaptGuildMember) }
+    return { data: data.map(OneBot.decodeGuildMember) }
   }
 
   async kickGuildMember(guildId: string, userId: string, permanent?: boolean) {
diff --git a/adapters/onebot/src/bot/message.ts b/adapters/onebot/src/bot/message.ts
index 7ea5b7db..7b5aba79 100644
--- a/adapters/onebot/src/bot/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/onebot/src/bot/message.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-import { h, MessageEncoder, pick } from '@satorijs/satori'
+import { h, MessageEncoder, pick, Universal } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { BaseBot } from './base'
 import { CQCode } from './cqcode'
-import { Author } from '../types'
+
+export interface Author extends Universal.User {
+  time?: string | number
+  messageId?: string
+}
 
 class State {
   author: Partial<Author> = {}
@@ -58,8 +62,8 @@ export class OneBotMessageEncoder extends MessageEncoder<BaseBot> {
         this.stack[1].children.push({
           type: 'node',
           data: {
-            name: author.nickname || author.username || this.bot.username,
-            uin: author.userId || this.bot.userId,
+            name: author.nick || author.name || this.bot.user.name,
+            uin: author.id || this.bot.userId,
             content: this.children as any,
             time: `${Math.floor((+author.time || Date.now()) / 1000)}`,
           },
diff --git a/adapters/onebot/src/index.ts b/adapters/onebot/src/index.ts
index 30186e1d..393de685 100644
--- a/adapters/onebot/src/index.ts
+++ b/adapters/onebot/src/index.ts
@@ -9,17 +9,15 @@ export * from './ws'
 
 export default OneBotBot
 
-declare global {
-  namespace Satori {
-    interface Session {
-      onebot?: OneBot.Payload & OneBot.Internal
-    }
+declare module '@satorijs/core' {
+  interface Session {
+    onebot?: OneBot.Payload & OneBot.Internal
+  }
 
-    interface Events {
-      'onebot/message-reactions-updated': {}
-      'onebot/channel-updated': {}
-      'onebot/channel-created': {}
-      'onebot/channel-destroyed': {}
-    }
+  interface Events {
+    'onebot/message-reactions-updated'(session: Session): void
+    'onebot/channel-updated'(session: Session): void
+    'onebot/channel-created'(session: Session): void
+    'onebot/channel-destroyed'(session: Session): void
   }
 }
diff --git a/adapters/onebot/src/types.ts b/adapters/onebot/src/types.ts
index f30a2e9d..6a976fb4 100644
--- a/adapters/onebot/src/types.ts
+++ b/adapters/onebot/src/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { camelize, Dict, Logger, Universal } from '@satorijs/satori'
+import { camelize, Dict, Logger } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { CQCode } from './bot'
 
 export interface Response {
@@ -89,11 +89,6 @@ export interface UnidirectionalFriendInfo extends AccountInfo {
   source: string
 }
 
-export interface Author extends Universal.Author {
-  time?: string | number
-  messageId?: string
-}
-
 export interface GroupBase {
   group_id: number
   group_name: string
diff --git a/adapters/onebot/src/utils.ts b/adapters/onebot/src/utils.ts
index b253e6c2..c5b54d2e 100644
--- a/adapters/onebot/src/utils.ts
+++ b/adapters/onebot/src/utils.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ export * from './types'
 
 const logger = new Logger('onebot')
 
-export const adaptUser = (user: OneBot.AccountInfo): Universal.User => ({
+export const decodeUser = (user: OneBot.AccountInfo): Universal.User => ({
   id: user.tiny_id || user.user_id.toString(),
   name: user.nickname,
   userId: user.tiny_id || user.user_id.toString(),
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ export const adaptUser = (user: OneBot.AccountInfo): Universal.User => ({
   username: user.nickname,
 })
 
-export const adaptGuildMember = (user: OneBot.SenderInfo): Universal.GuildMember => ({
-  ...adaptUser(user),
-  user: adaptUser(user),
-  nickname: user.card,
+export const decodeGuildMember = (user: OneBot.SenderInfo): Universal.GuildMember => ({
+  user: decodeUser(user),
+  name: user.card,
   roles: [user.role],
 })
 
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ export const adaptQQGuildMemberInfo = (user: OneBot.GuildMemberInfo): Universal.
     name: user.nickname,
     isBot: user.role_name === '机器人',
   },
-  nickname: user.nickname,
+  name: user.nickname,
   roles: user.role_name ? [user.role_name] : [],
 })
 
@@ -38,34 +37,20 @@ export const adaptQQGuildMemberProfile = (user: OneBot.GuildMemberProfile): Univ
     name: user.nickname,
     isBot: user.roles?.some(r => r.role_name === '机器人'),
   },
-  nickname: user.nickname,
+  name: user.nickname,
   roles: user.roles?.map(r => r.role_name) || [],
 })
 
-export const adaptAuthor = (user: OneBot.SenderInfo, anonymous?: OneBot.AnonymousInfo): Universal.Author => ({
-  ...adaptUser(user),
-  nickname: anonymous?.name || user.card,
-  anonymous: anonymous?.flag,
-  roles: [user.role],
-})
-
-export async function adaptMessage(bot: BaseBot, message: OneBot.Message, result: Universal.Message = {}) {
-  // basic properties
-  result.author = adaptAuthor(message.sender, message.anonymous)
-  result.userId = result.author.userId
-  result.messageId = message.message_id.toString()
-  result.timestamp = message.time * 1000
-  if (message.guild_id) {
-    result.guildId = message.guild_id
-    result.channelId = message.channel_id
-  } else if (message.group_id) {
-    result.guildId = result.channelId = message.group_id.toString()
-  } else {
-    result.channelId = 'private:' + result.author.userId
-  }
+export async function adaptMessage(
+  bot: BaseBot,
+  data: OneBot.Message,
+  message: Universal.Message = {},
+  payload: Universal.Message | Universal.EventData = message,
+) {
+  message.id = message.messageId = data.message_id.toString()
 
   // message content
-  const chain = CQCode.parse(message.message)
+  const chain = CQCode.parse(data.message)
   if (bot.config.advanced.splitMixedContent) {
     chain.forEach((item, index) => {
       if (item.type !== 'image') return
@@ -80,7 +65,7 @@ export async function adaptMessage(bot: BaseBot, message: OneBot.Message, result
     })
   }
 
-  result.elements = h.transform(chain, {
+  message.elements = h.transform(chain, {
     at({ qq }) {
       if (qq !== 'all') return h.at(qq)
       return h('at', { type: 'all' })
@@ -95,16 +80,32 @@ export async function adaptMessage(bot: BaseBot, message: OneBot.Message, result
       return h('audio', attrs)
     },
   })
-  if (result.elements[0]?.type === 'reply') {
-    const reply = result.elements.shift()
-    result.quote = await bot.getMessage(result.channelId, reply.attrs.id).catch((error) => {
+  const [guildId, channelId] = decodeGuildChannelId(data)
+  if (message.elements[0]?.type === 'reply') {
+    const reply = message.elements.shift()
+    message.quote = await bot.getMessage(channelId, reply.attrs.id).catch((error) => {
       logger.warn(error)
       return undefined
     })
   }
+  message.content = message.elements.join('')
+
+  if (!payload) return message
+  payload.user = decodeUser(data.sender)
+  payload.member = decodeGuildMember(data.sender)
+  payload.timestamp = data.time * 1000
+  payload.guild = guildId && { id: guildId }
+  payload.channel = channelId && { id: channelId, type: guildId ? Universal.Channel.Type.TEXT : Universal.Channel.Type.DIRECT }
+}
 
-  result.content = result.elements.join('')
-  return result
+const decodeGuildChannelId = (data: OneBot.Message) => {
+  if (data.guild_id) {
+    return [data.guild_id, data.channel_id]
+  } else if (data.group_id) {
+    return [data.group_id.toString(), data.group_id.toString()]
+  } else {
+    return [undefined, 'private:' + data.sender.user_id]
+  }
 }
 
 export const adaptGuild = (info: OneBot.GroupInfo | OneBot.GuildBaseInfo): Universal.Guild => {
@@ -129,16 +130,14 @@ export const adaptChannel = (info: OneBot.GroupInfo | OneBot.ChannelInfo): Unive
     return {
       id: channel.channel_id,
       name: channel.channel_name,
-      channelId: channel.channel_id.toString(),
-      channelName: channel.channel_name,
+      type: Universal.Channel.Type.TEXT,
     }
   } else {
     const group = info as OneBot.GroupInfo
     return {
       id: group.group_id.toString(),
       name: group.group_name,
-      channelId: group.group_id.toString(),
-      channelName: group.group_name,
+      type: Universal.Channel.Type.TEXT,
     }
   }
 }
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ export async function adaptSession(bot: BaseBot, data: OneBot.Payload) {
   session.type = data.post_type
 
   if (data.post_type === 'message' || data.post_type === 'message_sent') {
-    await adaptMessage(bot, data, session)
+    await adaptMessage(bot, data, session.data.message = {}, session.data)
     if (data.post_type === 'message_sent' && !session.guildId) {
       session.channelId = 'private:' + data.target_id
     }
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ export async function adaptSession(bot: BaseBot, data: OneBot.Payload) {
   if (data.group_id) session.guildId = session.channelId = '' + data.group_id
   if (data.guild_id) session.guildId = '' + data.guild_id
   if (data.channel_id) session.channelId = '' + data.channel_id
-  if (data.target_id) session.targetId = '' + data.target_id
+  if (data.target_id) session['targetId'] = '' + data.target_id
   if (data.operator_id) session.operatorId = '' + data.operator_id
   if (data.message_id) session.messageId = '' + data.message_id