diff --git a/src/bin/cargo/cli.rs b/src/bin/cargo/cli.rs
index 2fefa8a2d02..67fe4d8b8ef 100644
--- a/src/bin/cargo/cli.rs
+++ b/src/bin/cargo/cli.rs
@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ Run with 'cargo -Z [FLAG] [SUBCOMMAND]'",
                         drop_println!(config, "    {}", name);
                     }
                 }
+                CommandInfo::Alias { name, target } => {
+                    drop_println!(config, "    {:<20} {}", name, target.iter().join(" "));
+                }
             }
         }
         return Ok(());
diff --git a/src/bin/cargo/main.rs b/src/bin/cargo/main.rs
index 6f9134b8c54..a35325eb08f 100644
--- a/src/bin/cargo/main.rs
+++ b/src/bin/cargo/main.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #![warn(clippy::redundant_clone)]
 
 use cargo::core::shell::Shell;
+use cargo::util::toml::StringOrVec;
 use cargo::util::CliError;
 use cargo::util::{self, closest_msg, command_prelude, CargoResult, CliResult, Config};
 use cargo_util::{ProcessBuilder, ProcessError};
@@ -127,15 +128,17 @@ fn list_commands(config: &Config) -> BTreeSet<CommandInfo> {
         });
     }
 
-    commands
-}
-
-/// List all runnable aliases
-fn list_aliases(config: &Config) -> Vec<String> {
-    match config.get::<BTreeMap<String, String>>("alias") {
-        Ok(aliases) => aliases.keys().map(|a| a.to_string()).collect(),
-        Err(_) => Vec::new(),
+    // Add the user-defined aliases
+    if let Ok(aliases) = config.get::<BTreeMap<String, StringOrVec>>("alias") {
+        for (name, target) in aliases.iter() {
+            commands.insert(CommandInfo::Alias {
+                name: name.to_string(),
+                target: target.clone(),
+            });
+        }
     }
+
+    commands
 }
 
 fn execute_external_subcommand(config: &Config, cmd: &str, args: &[&str]) -> CliResult {
@@ -147,13 +150,11 @@ fn execute_external_subcommand(config: &Config, cmd: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Cli
     let command = match path {
         Some(command) => command,
         None => {
-            let commands: Vec<String> = list_commands(config)
+            let suggestions: Vec<_> = list_commands(config)
                 .iter()
                 .map(|c| c.name().to_string())
                 .collect();
-            let aliases = list_aliases(config);
-            let suggestions = commands.iter().chain(aliases.iter());
-            let did_you_mean = closest_msg(cmd, suggestions, |c| c);
+            let did_you_mean = closest_msg(cmd, suggestions.iter(), |c| c);
             let err = anyhow::format_err!("no such subcommand: `{}`{}", cmd, did_you_mean);
             return Err(CliError::new(err, 101));
         }
diff --git a/src/cargo/util/command_prelude.rs b/src/cargo/util/command_prelude.rs
index 61f73ffae1c..e27fc99e8cc 100644
--- a/src/cargo/util/command_prelude.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/util/command_prelude.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ use crate::sources::CRATES_IO_REGISTRY;
 use crate::util::important_paths::find_root_manifest_for_wd;
 use crate::util::interning::InternedString;
 use crate::util::restricted_names::is_glob_pattern;
+use crate::util::toml::{StringOrVec, TomlProfile};
+use crate::util::validate_package_name;
 use crate::util::{
     print_available_benches, print_available_binaries, print_available_examples,
     print_available_packages, print_available_tests,
 };
-use crate::util::{toml::TomlProfile, validate_package_name};
 use crate::CargoResult;
 use anyhow::bail;
 use cargo_util::paths;
@@ -715,10 +716,11 @@ pub fn values_os(args: &ArgMatches<'_>, name: &str) -> Vec<OsString> {
     args._values_of_os(name)
 }
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum CommandInfo {
     BuiltIn { name: String, about: Option<String> },
     External { name: String, path: PathBuf },
+    Alias { name: String, target: StringOrVec },
 }
 
 impl CommandInfo {
@@ -726,6 +728,7 @@ impl CommandInfo {
         match self {
             CommandInfo::BuiltIn { name, .. } => name,
             CommandInfo::External { name, .. } => name,
+            CommandInfo::Alias { name, .. } => name,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs b/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs
index 7c472bf8b2f..6b4f5eac154 100644
--- a/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs
@@ -760,7 +760,9 @@ impl TomlProfile {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
+/// A StringOrVec can be parsed from either a TOML string or array,
+/// but is always stored as a vector.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct StringOrVec(Vec<String>);
 
 impl<'de> de::Deserialize<'de> for StringOrVec {
@@ -797,6 +799,12 @@ impl<'de> de::Deserialize<'de> for StringOrVec {
     }
 }
 
+impl StringOrVec {
+    pub fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> std::slice::Iter<'a, String> {
+        self.0.iter()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
 #[serde(untagged, expecting = "expected a boolean or a string")]
 pub enum StringOrBool {
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/cargo_command.rs b/tests/testsuite/cargo_command.rs
index 7be5ccf25a0..1a483afc50d 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/cargo_command.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/cargo_command.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::str;
 use cargo_test_support::cargo_process;
 use cargo_test_support::paths;
 use cargo_test_support::registry::Package;
-use cargo_test_support::{basic_bin_manifest, basic_manifest, cargo_exe, project};
+use cargo_test_support::{basic_bin_manifest, basic_manifest, cargo_exe, project, project_in_home};
 
 fn path() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
     env::split_paths(&env::var_os("PATH").unwrap_or_default()).collect()
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fn list_commands_with_descriptions() {
 }
 
 #[cargo_test]
-fn list_aliases_with_descriptions() {
+fn list_builtin_aliases_with_descriptions() {
     let p = project().build();
     p.cargo("--list")
         .with_stdout_contains("    b                    alias: build")
@@ -42,6 +42,25 @@ fn list_aliases_with_descriptions() {
         .run();
 }
 
+#[cargo_test]
+fn list_custom_aliases_with_descriptions() {
+    let p = project_in_home("proj")
+        .file(
+            &paths::home().join(".cargo").join("config"),
+            r#"
+            [alias]
+            myaliasstr = "foo --bar"
+            myaliasvec = ["foo", "--bar"]
+        "#,
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("--list")
+        .with_stdout_contains("    myaliasstr           foo --bar")
+        .with_stdout_contains("    myaliasvec           foo --bar")
+        .run();
+}
+
 #[cargo_test]
 fn list_command_looks_at_path() {
     let proj = project()