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% Pandoc User's Guide
% John MacFarlane
% January 12, 2016
Synopsis
========
`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
Description
===========
Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
another, and a command-line tool that uses this library. It can read
[Markdown], [CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra], [GitHub-Flavored Markdown],
and (subsets of) [Textile], [reStructuredText], [HTML], [LaTeX], [MediaWiki markup], [TWiki
markup], [Haddock markup], [OPML], [Emacs Org mode], [DocBook],
[txt2tags], [EPUB], [ODT] and [Word docx]; and it can write plain text,
[Markdown], [CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra], [GitHub-Flavored Markdown],
[reStructuredText], [XHTML], [HTML5], [LaTeX] (including
[`beamer`] slide shows), [ConTeXt], [RTF], [OPML], [DocBook],
[OpenDocument], [ODT], [Word docx], [GNU Texinfo], [MediaWiki markup],
[DokuWiki markup], [Haddock markup], [EPUB] (v2 or v3),
[FictionBook2], [Textile], [groff man] pages, [Emacs Org mode],
[AsciiDoc], [InDesign ICML], [TEI Simple], and [Slidy], [Slideous], [DZSlides],
[reveal.js] or [S5] HTML slide shows. It can also produce [PDF] output
on systems where LaTeX, ConTeXt, or `wkhtmltopdf` is installed.
Pandoc's enhanced version of Markdown includes syntax for [footnotes],
[tables], flexible [ordered lists], [definition lists], [fenced code blocks],
[superscripts and subscripts], [strikeout], [metadata blocks], automatic tables of
contents, embedded LaTeX [math], [citations], and [Markdown inside HTML block
elements][Extension: `markdown_in_html_blocks`]. (These enhancements, described below under
[Pandoc's Markdown], can be disabled using the
`markdown_strict` input or output format.)
In contrast to most existing tools for converting Markdown to HTML, which
use regex substitutions, pandoc has a modular design: it consists of a
set of readers, which parse text in a given format and produce a native
representation of the document, and a set of writers, which convert
this native representation into a target format. Thus, adding an input
or output format requires only adding a reader or writer.
Because pandoc's intermediate representation of a document is less
expressive than many of the formats it converts between, one should
not expect perfect conversions between every format and every other.
Pandoc attempts to preserve the structural elements of a document, but
not formatting details such as margin size. And some document elements,
such as complex tables, may not fit into pandoc's simple document
model. While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
[Markdown]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
[CommonMark]: http://commonmark.org
[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
[reStructuredText]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
[S5]: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
[Slidy]: http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy/
[Slideous]: http://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
[HTML]: http://www.w3.org/html/
[HTML5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
[XHTML]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
[LaTeX]: http://latex-project.org
[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
[Beamer User's Guide]: http://ctan.math.utah.edu/ctan/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
[ConTeXt]: http://contextgarden.net/
[RTF]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
[DocBook]: http://docbook.org
[txt2tags]: http://txt2tags.org
[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
[ODT]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
[Textile]: http://redcloth.org/textile
[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
[TWiki markup]: http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
[groff man]: http://developer.apple.com/DOCUMENTATION/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man7/groff_man.7.html
[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
[GNU Texinfo]: http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
[Emacs Org mode]: http://orgmode.org
[AsciiDoc]: http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
[DZSlides]: http://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
[Word docx]: http://www.microsoft.com/interop/openup/openxml/default.aspx
[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
[reveal.js]: http://lab.hakim.se/reveal-js/
[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
[InDesign ICML]: https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/indesign/cs55-docs/IDML/idml-specification.pdf
[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
Using `pandoc`
--------------
If no *input-file* is specified, input is read from *stdin*.
Otherwise, the *input-files* are concatenated (with a blank
line between each) and used as input. Output goes to *stdout* by
default (though output to *stdout* is disabled for the `odt`, `docx`,
`epub`, and `epub3` output formats). For output to a file, use the
`-o` option:
pandoc -o output.html input.txt
By default, pandoc produces a document fragment, not a standalone
document with a proper header and footer. To produce a standalone
document, use the `-s` or `--standalone` flag:
pandoc -s -o output.html input.txt
For more information on how standalone documents are produced, see
[Templates], below.
Instead of a file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
blank lines between them) before parsing. This feature is disabled for
binary input formats such as `EPUB`, `odt`, and `docx`.
The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
`-r/--read` or `-f/--from` options, the output format using the
`-w/--write` or `-t/--to` options. Thus, to convert `hello.txt` from
Markdown to LaTeX, you could type:
pandoc -f markdown -t latex hello.txt
To convert `hello.html` from HTML to Markdown:
pandoc -f html -t markdown hello.html
Supported output formats are listed below under the `-t/--to` option.
Supported input formats are listed below under the `-f/--from` option. Note
that the `rst`, `textile`, `latex`, and `html` readers are not complete;
there are some constructs that they do not parse.
If the input or output format is not specified explicitly, `pandoc`
will attempt to guess it from the extensions of
the input and output filenames. Thus, for example,
pandoc -o hello.tex hello.txt
will convert `hello.txt` from Markdown to LaTeX. If no output file
is specified (so that output goes to *stdout*), or if the output file's
extension is unknown, the output format will default to HTML.
If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
be assumed to be Markdown unless explicitly specified.
Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
should pipe input and output through [`iconv`]:
iconv -t utf-8 input.txt | pandoc | iconv -f utf-8
Note that in some output formats (such as HTML, LaTeX, ConTeXt,
RTF, OPML, DocBook, and Texinfo), information about
the character encoding is included in the document header, which
will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
[`iconv`]: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
Creating a PDF
--------------
To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension.
By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to convert it to PDF:
pandoc test.txt -o test.pdf
Production of a PDF requires that a LaTeX engine be installed (see
`--latex-engine`, below), and assumes that the following LaTeX packages
are available: [`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`],
[`ifxetex`], [`ifluatex`], [`eurosym`], [`listings`] (if the
`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] and [`grffile`] (if the
document contains images), [`hyperref`], [`ulem`],
[`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set), [`setspace`] (with
`linestretch`), and [`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or
`lualatex` as the LaTeX engine requires [`fontspec`]; `xelatex` uses
[`mathspec`], [`polyglossia`] (with `lang`), [`xecjk`], and
[`bidi`] (with the `dir` variable set). The [`upquote`] and
[`microtype`] packages are used if available, and [`csquotes`] will
be used for [smart punctuation] if added to the template or included in
any header file. The [`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`], and [`biber`]
packages can optionally be used for [citation rendering]. These are
included with all recent versions of [TeX Live].
Alternatively, pandoc can use ConTeXt or `wkhtmltopdf` to create a PDF.
To do this, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension,
as before, but add `-t context` or `-t html5` to the command line.
PDF output can be controlled using [variables for LaTeX] (if
LaTeX is used) and [variables for ConTeXt] (if ConTeXt is used).
If `wkhtmltopdf` is used, then the variables `margin-left`,
`margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`, and `papersize`
will affect the output, as will `--css`.
[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
[`ifxetex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifxetex
[`ifluatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifluatex
[`eurosym`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/eurosym
[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
[`fancyvrb`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb
[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
[`booktabs`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
[`geometry`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
[`setspace`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/setspace
[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
[`bidi`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bidi
[`mathspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathspec
[`polyglossia`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
[`fontspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec
[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
[`microtype`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype
[`csquotes`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/csquotes
[`natbib`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib
[`biblatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
[`bibtex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
[`biber`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biber
[TeX Live]: http://www.tug.org/texlive/
Options
=======
General options
---------------
`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be `native` (native Haskell),
`json` (JSON version of native AST), `markdown` (pandoc's
extended Markdown), `markdown_strict` (original unextended
Markdown), `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra),
`markdown_github` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown),
`commonmark` (CommonMark Markdown), `textile` (Textile), `rst`
(reStructuredText), `html` (HTML), `docbook` (DocBook), `t2t`
(txt2tags), `docx` (docx), `odt` (ODT), `epub` (EPUB), `opml` (OPML),
`org` (Emacs Org mode), `mediawiki` (MediaWiki markup), `twiki` (TWiki
markup), `haddock` (Haddock markup), or `latex` (LaTeX). If
`+lhs` is appended to `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`, or `html`, the
input will be treated as literate Haskell source: see [Literate
Haskell support], below. Markdown
syntax extensions can be individually enabled or disabled by
appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format name. So, for
example, `markdown_strict+footnotes+definition_lists` is strict
Markdown with footnotes and definition lists enabled, and
`markdown-pipe_tables+hard_line_breaks` is pandoc's Markdown
without pipe tables and with hard line breaks. See [Pandoc's
Markdown], below, for a list of extensions and
their names.
`-t` *FORMAT*, `-w` *FORMAT*, `--to=`*FORMAT*, `--write=`*FORMAT*
: Specify output format. *FORMAT* can be `native` (native Haskell),
`json` (JSON version of native AST), `plain` (plain text),
`markdown` (pandoc's extended Markdown), `markdown_strict`
(original unextended Markdown), `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown
Extra), `markdown_github` (GitHub-Flavored
Markdown), `commonmark` (CommonMark Markdown), `rst`
(reStructuredText), `html` (XHTML), `html5` (HTML5), `latex`
(LaTeX), `beamer` (LaTeX beamer slide show), `context` (ConTeXt),
`man` (groff man), `mediawiki` (MediaWiki markup), `dokuwiki`
(DokuWiki markup), `textile` (Textile), `org` (Emacs Org mode),
`texinfo` (GNU Texinfo), `opml` (OPML), `docbook` (DocBook 4),
`docbook5` (DocBook 5), `opendocument` (OpenDocument), `odt`
(OpenOffice text document), `docx` (Word docx), `haddock`
(Haddock markup), `rtf` (rich text format), `epub` (EPUB v2
book), `epub3` (EPUB v3), `fb2` (FictionBook2 e-book),
`asciidoc` (AsciiDoc), `icml` (InDesign ICML), `tei` (TEI
Simple), `slidy` (Slidy HTML and javascript slide show),
`slideous` (Slideous HTML and javascript slide show),
`dzslides` (DZSlides HTML5 + javascript slide show),
`revealjs` (reveal.js HTML5 + javascript slide show), `s5`
(S5 HTML and javascript slide show), or the path of a custom
lua writer (see [Custom writers], below). Note that `odt`,
`epub`, and `epub3` output will not be directed to *stdout*;
an output filename must be specified using the `-o/--output`
option. If `+lhs` is appended to `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`,
`beamer`, `html`, or `html5`, the output will be rendered as
literate Haskell source: see [Literate Haskell support],
below. Markdown syntax extensions can be individually
enabled or disabled by appending `+EXTENSION` or
`-EXTENSION` to the format name, as described above under `-f`.
`-o` *FILE*, `--output=`*FILE*
: Write output to *FILE* instead of *stdout*. If *FILE* is
`-`, output will go to *stdout*. (Exception: if the output
format is `odt`, `docx`, `epub`, or `epub3`, output to stdout is disabled.)
`--data-dir=`*DIRECTORY*
: Specify the user data directory to search for pandoc data files.
If this option is not specified, the default user data directory
will be used. This is, in Unix:
$HOME/.pandoc
in Windows XP:
C:\Documents And Settings\USERNAME\Application Data\pandoc
and in Windows Vista or later:
C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc
You can find the default user data directory on your system by
looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
A `reference.odt`, `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`,
`slidy`, `slideous`, or `s5` directory
placed in this directory will override pandoc's normal defaults.
`--bash-completion`
: Generate a bash completion script. To enable bash completion
with pandoc, add this to your `.bashrc`:
eval "$(pandoc --bash-completion)"
`--verbose`
: Give verbose debugging output. Currently this only has an effect
with PDF output.
`-v`, `--version`
: Print version.
`-h`, `--help`
: Show usage message.
Reader options
--------------
`-R`, `--parse-raw`
: Parse untranslatable HTML codes and LaTeX environments as raw HTML
or LaTeX, instead of ignoring them. Affects only HTML and LaTeX
input. Raw HTML can be printed in Markdown, reStructuredText, HTML,
Slidy, Slideous, DZSlides, reveal.js, and S5 output; raw LaTeX
can be printed in Markdown, reStructuredText, LaTeX, and ConTeXt output.
The default is for the readers to omit untranslatable HTML codes and
LaTeX environments. (The LaTeX reader does pass through untranslatable
LaTeX *commands*, even if `-R` is not specified.)
`-S`, `--smart`
: Produce typographically correct output, converting straight quotes
to curly quotes, `---` to em-dashes, `--` to en-dashes, and
`...` to ellipses. Nonbreaking spaces are inserted after certain
abbreviations, such as "Mr." (Note: This option is selected automatically
when the output format is `latex` or `context`, unless `--no-tex-ligatures`
is used. It has no effect for `latex` input.)
`--old-dashes`
: Selects the pandoc <= 1.8.2.1 behavior for parsing smart dashes: `-` before
a numeral is an en-dash, and `--` is an em-dash. This option is selected
automatically for `textile` input.
`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the base level for headers (defaults to 1).
`--indented-code-classes=`*CLASSES*
: Specify classes to use for indented code blocks--for example,
`perl,numberLines` or `haskell`. Multiple classes may be separated
by spaces or commas.
`--default-image-extension=`*EXTENSION*
: Specify a default extension to use when image paths/URLs have no
extension. This allows you to use the same source for formats that
require different kinds of images. Currently this option only affects
the Markdown and LaTeX readers.
`--file-scope`
: Parse each file individually before combining for multifile
documents. This will allow footnotes in different files with the
same identifiers to work as expected. If this option is set,
footnotes and links will not work across files. Reading binary
files (docx, odt, epub) implies `--file-scope`.
`--filter=`*EXECUTABLE*
: Specify an executable to be used as a filter transforming the
pandoc AST after the input is parsed and before the output is
written. The executable should read JSON from stdin and write
JSON to stdout. The JSON must be formatted like pandoc's own
JSON input and output. The name of the output format will be
passed to the filter as the first argument. Hence,
pandoc --filter ./caps.py -t latex
is equivalent to
pandoc -t json | ./caps.py latex | pandoc -f json -t latex
The latter form may be useful for debugging filters.
Filters may be written in any language. `Text.Pandoc.JSON`
exports `toJSONFilter` to facilitate writing filters in Haskell.
Those who would prefer to write filters in python can use the
module [`pandocfilters`], installable from PyPI. There are also
pandoc filter libraries in [PHP], [perl], and [javascript/node.js].
Note that the *EXECUTABLE* will be sought in the user's
`PATH`, and not in the working directory, if no directory is
provided. If you want to run a script in the working directory,
preface the filename with `./`.
`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
: Set the metadata field *KEY* to the value *VAL*. A value specified
on the command line overrides a value specified in the document.
Values will be parsed as YAML boolean or string values. If no value is
specified, the value will be treated as Boolean true. Like
`--variable`, `--metadata` causes template variables to be set.
But unlike `--variable`, `--metadata` affects the metadata of the
underlying document (which is accessible from filters and may be
printed in some output formats).
`--normalize`
: Normalize the document after reading: merge adjacent
`Str` or `Emph` elements, for example, and remove repeated `Space`s.
`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces (the default).
Note that this will only affect tabs in literal code spans and code
blocks; tabs in regular text will be treated as spaces.
`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the number of spaces per tab (default is 4).
`--track-changes=accept`|`reject`|`all`
: Specifies what to do with insertions and deletions produced by the MS
Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the default), inserts all
insertions, and ignores all deletions. `reject` inserts all
deletions and ignores insertions. `all` puts in both insertions
and deletions, wrapped in spans with `insertion` and `deletion`
classes, respectively. The author and time of change is
included. `all` is useful for scripting: only accepting changes
from a certain reviewer, say, or before a certain date. This
option only affects the docx reader.
`--extract-media=`*DIR*
: Extract images and other media contained in a docx or epub container
to the path *DIR*, creating it if necessary, and adjust the images
references in the document so they point to the extracted files.
This option only affects the docx and epub readers.
[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
[javascript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
General writer options
----------------------
`-s`, `--standalone`
: Produce output with an appropriate header and footer (e.g. a
standalone HTML, LaTeX, TEI, or RTF file, not a fragment). This option
is set automatically for `pdf`, `epub`, `epub3`, `fb2`, `docx`, and `odt`
output.
`--template=`*FILE*
: Use *FILE* as a custom template for the generated document. Implies
`--standalone`. See [Templates], below, for a description
of template syntax. If no extension is specified, an extension
corresponding to the writer will be added, so that `--template=special`
looks for `special.html` for HTML output. If the template is not
found, pandoc will search for it in the `templates` subdirectory of
the user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If this option is not used,
a default template appropriate for the output format will be used (see
`-D/--print-default-template`).
`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
document in standalone mode. This is generally only useful when the
`--template` option is used to specify a custom template, since
pandoc automatically sets the variables used in the default
templates. If no *VAL* is specified, the key will be given the
value `true`.
`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
: Print the system default template for an output *FORMAT*. (See `-t`
for a list of possible *FORMAT*s.) Templates in the user data
directory are ignored.
`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
are ignored.
`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
: Specify the dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion from pixels
to inch/centimeters and vice versa. The default is 96dpi.
Technically, the correct term would be ppi (pixels per inch).
`--wrap=[auto|none|preserve]`
: Determine how text is wrapped in the output (the source
code, not the rendered version). With `auto` (the default),
pandoc will attempt to wrap lines to the column width specified by
`--columns` (default 80). With `none`, pandoc will not wrap
lines at all. With `preserve`, pandoc will attempt to
preserve the wrapping from the source document (that is,
where there are nonsemantic newlines in the source, there
will be nonsemantic newlines in the output as well).
`--no-wrap`
: Deprecated synonym for `--wrap=none`.
`--columns=`*NUMBER*
: Specify length of lines in characters. This affects text wrapping
in the generated source code (see `--wrap`). It also affects
calculation of column widths for plain text tables (see [Tables] below).
`--toc`, `--table-of-contents`
: Include an automatically generated table of contents (or, in
the case of `latex`, `context`, `docx`, and `rst`, an instruction to create
one) in the output document. This option has no effect on `man`,
`docbook`, `docbook5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `s5`, or `odt` output.
`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
of contents. The default is 3 (which means that level 1, 2, and 3
headers will be listed in the contents).
`--no-highlight`
: Disables syntax highlighting for code blocks and inlines, even when
a language attribute is given.
`--highlight-style=`*STYLE*
: Specifies the coloring style to be used in highlighted source code.
Options are `pygments` (the default), `kate`, `monochrome`,
`espresso`, `zenburn`, `haddock`, and `tango`. For more information
on syntax highlighting in pandoc, see [Syntax highlighting], below.
`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the header.
This can be used, for example, to include special
CSS or javascript in HTML documents. This option can be used
repeatedly to include multiple files in the header. They will be
included in the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`-B` *FILE*, `--include-before-body=`*FILE*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the beginning of the
document body (e.g. after the `<body>` tag in HTML, or the
`\begin{document}` command in LaTeX). This can be used to include
navigation bars or banners in HTML documents. This option can be
used repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in
the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`-A` *FILE*, `--include-after-body=`*FILE*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the document
body (before the `</body>` tag in HTML, or the
`\end{document}` command in LaTeX). This option can be used
repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in the
order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
Options affecting specific writers
----------------------------------
`--self-contained`
: Produce a standalone HTML file with no external dependencies, using
`data:` URIs to incorporate the contents of linked scripts, stylesheets,
images, and videos. The resulting file should be "self-contained,"
in the sense that it needs no external files and no net access to be
displayed properly by a browser. This option works only with HTML output
formats, including `html`, `html5`, `html+lhs`, `html5+lhs`, `s5`,
`slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, and `revealjs`. Scripts, images, and
stylesheets at absolute URLs will be downloaded; those at relative URLs
will be sought relative to the working directory (if the first source
file is local) or relative to the base URL (if the first source
file is remote). Limitation: resources that are loaded dynamically
through JavaScript cannot be incorporated; as a result, `--self-contained`
does not work with `--mathjax`, and some advanced features (e.g.
zoom or speaker notes) may not work in an offline "self-contained"
`reveal.js` slide show.
`--html-q-tags`
: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML.
`--ascii`
: Use only ascii characters in output. Currently supported only
for HTML output (which uses numerical entities instead of
UTF-8 when this option is selected).
`--reference-links`
: Use reference-style links, rather than inline links, in writing Markdown
or reStructuredText. By default inline links are used.
`--atx-headers`
: Use ATX-style headers in Markdown and asciidoc output. The default is
to use setext-style headers for levels 1-2, and then ATX headers.
`--chapters`
: Treat top-level headers as chapters in LaTeX, ConTeXt, and DocBook
output. When the LaTeX document class is set to `report`, `book`,
or `memoir` (unless the `article` option is specified), this
option is implied. If `beamer` is the output format, top-level
headers will become `\part{..}`.
`-N`, `--number-sections`
: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, or EPUB output.
By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
`unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
is specified.
`--number-offset=`*NUMBER*[`,`*NUMBER*`,`*...*]
: Offset for section headings in HTML output (ignored in other
output formats). The first number is added to the section number for
top-level headers, the second for second-level headers, and so on.
So, for example, if you want the first top-level header in your
document to be numbered "6", specify `--number-offset=5`.
If your document starts with a level-2 header which you want to
be numbered "1.5", specify `--number-offset=1,4`.
Offsets are 0 by default. Implies `--number-sections`.
`--no-tex-ligatures`
: Do not use the TeX ligatures for quotation marks, apostrophes,
and dashes (`` `...' ``, ` ``..'' `, `--`, `---`) when
writing or reading LaTeX or ConTeXt. In reading LaTeX,
parse the characters `` ` ``, `'`, and `-` literally, rather
than parsing ligatures for quotation marks and dashes. In
writing LaTeX or ConTeXt, print unicode quotation mark and
dash characters literally, rather than converting them to
the standard ASCII TeX ligatures. Note: normally `--smart`
is selected automatically for LaTeX and ConTeXt output, but
it must be specified explicitly if `--no-tex-ligatures` is
selected. If you use literal curly quotes, dashes, and
ellipses in your source, then you may want to use
`--no-tex-ligatures` without `--smart`.
`--listings`
: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks
`-i`, `--incremental`
: Make list items in slide shows display incrementally (one by one).
The default is for lists to be displayed all at once.
`--slide-level=`*NUMBER*
: Specifies that headers with the specified level create
slides (for `beamer`, `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`). Headers
above this level in the hierarchy are used to divide the
slide show into sections; headers below this level create
subheads within a slide. The default is to set the slide level
based on the contents of the document; see
[Structuring the slide show].
`--section-divs`
: Wrap sections in `<div>` tags (or `<section>` tags in HTML5),
and attach identifiers to the enclosing `<div>` (or `<section>`)
rather than the header itself. See
[Header identifiers], below.
`--email-obfuscation=none`|`javascript`|`references`
: Specify a method for obfuscating `mailto:` links in HTML documents.
`none` leaves `mailto:` links as they are. `javascript` obfuscates
them using javascript. `references` obfuscates them by printing their
letters as decimal or hexadecimal character references. The default
is `javascript`.
`--id-prefix=`*STRING*
: Specify a prefix to be added to all automatically generated identifiers
in HTML and DocBook output, and to footnote numbers in Markdown output.
This is useful for preventing duplicate identifiers when generating
fragments to be included in other pages.
`-T` *STRING*, `--title-prefix=`*STRING*
: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies
`--standalone`.
`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
: Link to a CSS style sheet. This option can be used repeatedly to
include multiple files. They will be included in the order specified.
`--reference-odt=`*FILE*
: Use the specified file as a style reference in producing an ODT.
For best results, the reference ODT should be a modified version
of an ODT produced using pandoc. The contents of the reference ODT
are ignored, but its stylesheets are used in the new ODT. If no
reference ODT is specified on the command line, pandoc will look
for a file `reference.odt` in the user data directory (see
`--data-dir`). If this is not found either, sensible defaults will be
used.
`--reference-docx=`*FILE*
: Use the specified file as a style reference in producing a docx file.
For best results, the reference docx should be a modified version
of a docx file produced using pandoc. The contents of the reference docx
are ignored, but its stylesheets and document properties (including
margins, page size, header, and footer) are used in the new docx. If no
reference docx is specified on the command line, pandoc will look
for a file `reference.docx` in the user data directory (see
`--data-dir`). If this is not found either, sensible defaults will be
used. The following styles are used by pandoc: [paragraph]
Normal, Body Text, First Paragraph, Compact, Title, Subtitle, Author, Date,
Abstract, Bibliography, Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3, Heading 4,
Heading 5, Heading 6, Block Text, Footnote Text, Definition Term,
Definition, Caption, Table Caption, Image Caption, Figure,
Figure With Caption, TOC Heading;
[character] Default Paragraph Font, Body Text Char, Verbatim Char,
Footnote Reference, Hyperlink; [table] Normal Table.
`--epub-stylesheet=`*FILE*
: Use the specified CSS file to style the EPUB. If no stylesheet
is specified, pandoc will look for a file `epub.css` in the
user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If it is not
found there, sensible defaults will be used.
`--epub-cover-image=`*FILE*
: Use the specified image as the EPUB cover. It is recommended
that the image be less than 1000px in width and height. Note that
in a Markdown source document you can also specify `cover-image`
in a YAML metadata block (see [EPUB Metadata], below).
`--epub-metadata=`*FILE*
: Look in the specified XML file for metadata for the EPUB.
The file should contain a series of [Dublin Core elements].
For example:
<dc:rights>Creative Commons</dc:rights>
<dc:language>es-AR</dc:language>
By default, pandoc will include the following metadata elements:
`<dc:title>` (from the document title), `<dc:creator>` (from the
document authors), `<dc:date>` (from the document date, which should
be in [ISO 8601 format]), `<dc:language>` (from the `lang`
variable, or, if is not set, the locale), and `<dc:identifier
id="BookId">` (a randomly generated UUID). Any of these may be
overridden by elements in the metadata file.
Note: if the source document is Markdown, a YAML metadata block
in the document can be used instead. See below under
[EPUB Metadata].
`--epub-embed-font=`*FILE*
: Embed the specified font in the EPUB. This option can be repeated
to embed multiple fonts. Wildcards can also be used: for example,
`DejaVuSans-*.ttf`. However, if you use wildcards on the command
line, be sure to escape them or put the whole filename in single quotes,
to prevent them from being interpreted by the shell. To use the
embedded fonts, you will need to add declarations like the following
to your CSS (see `--epub-stylesheet`):
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: normal;
src:url("DejaVuSans-Regular.ttf");
}
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: bold;
src:url("DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf");
}
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: normal;
src:url("DejaVuSans-Oblique.ttf");
}
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: bold;
src:url("DejaVuSans-BoldOblique.ttf");
}
body { font-family: "DejaVuSans"; }
`--epub-chapter-level=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the header level at which to split the EPUB into separate
"chapter" files. The default is to split into chapters at level 1
headers. This option only affects the internal composition of the
EPUB, not the way chapters and sections are displayed to users. Some
readers may be slow if the chapter files are too large, so for large
documents with few level 1 headers, one might want to use a chapter
level of 2 or 3.
`--latex-engine=pdflatex`|`lualatex`|`xelatex`
: Use the specified LaTeX engine when producing PDF output.
The default is `pdflatex`. If the engine is not in your PATH,
the full path of the engine may be specified here.
`--latex-engine-opt=`*STRING*
: Use the given string as a command-line argument to the `latex-engine`.
If used multiple times, the arguments are provided with spaces between
them. Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
[Dublin Core elements]: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
[ISO 8601 format]: http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
Citation rendering
------------------
`--bibliography=`*FILE*
: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
overriding any value set in the metadata, and process citations
using `pandoc-citeproc`. (This is equivalent to
`--metadata bibliography=FILE --filter pandoc-citeproc`.)
If `--natbib` or `--biblatex` is also supplied, `pandoc-citeproc` is not
used, making this equivalent to `--metadata bibliography=FILE`.
If you supply this argument multiple times, each *FILE* will be added
to bibliography.
`--csl=`*FILE*
: Set the `csl` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
`--metadata csl=FILE`.)
This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
`--citation-abbreviations=`*FILE*
: Set the `citation-abbreviations` field in the document's metadata to
*FILE*, overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
`--metadata citation-abbreviations=FILE`.)
This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
`--natbib`
: Use [`natbib`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`].
`--biblatex`
: Use [`biblatex`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
Math rendering in HTML
----------------------
`-m` [*URL*], `--latexmathml`[`=`*URL*]
: Use the [LaTeXMathML] script to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
To insert a link to a local copy of the `LaTeXMathML.js` script,
provide a *URL*. If no *URL* is provided, the contents of the
script will be inserted directly into the HTML header, preserving
portability at the price of efficiency. If you plan to use math on
several pages, it is much better to link to a copy of the script,
so it can be cached.
`--mathml`[`=`*URL*]
: Convert TeX math to [MathML] (in `docbook`, `docbook5`, `html` and `html5`).
In standalone `html` output, a small javascript (or a link to such a
script if a *URL* is supplied) will be inserted that allows the MathML to
be viewed on some browsers.
`--jsmath`[`=`*URL*]
: Use [jsMath] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
The *URL* should point to the jsMath load script (e.g.
`jsMath/easy/load.js`); if provided, it will be linked to in
the header of standalone HTML documents. If a *URL* is not provided,
no link to the jsMath load script will be inserted; it is then
up to the author to provide such a link in the HTML template.
`--mathjax`[`=`*URL*]
: Use [MathJax] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
The *URL* should point to the `MathJax.js` load script.
If a *URL* is not provided, a link to the MathJax CDN will
be inserted.
`--gladtex`
: Enclose TeX math in `<eq>` tags in HTML output. These can then
be processed by [gladTeX] to produce links to images of the typeset
formulas.
`--mimetex`[`=`*URL*]
: Render TeX math using the [mimeTeX] CGI script. If *URL* is not
specified, it is assumed that the script is at `/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi`.
`--webtex`[`=`*URL*]
: Render TeX formulas using an external script that converts TeX
formulas to images. The formula will be concatenated with the URL
provided. If *URL* is not specified, the Google Chart API will be used.
`--katex`[`=`*URL*]
: Use [KaTeX] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
The *URL* should point to the `katex.js` load script. If a *URL* is
not provided, a link to the KaTeX CDN will be inserted.
`--katex-stylesheet=`*URL*
: The *URL* should point to the `katex.css` stylesheet. If this option is
not specified, a link to the KaTeX CDN will be inserted. Note that this
option does not imply `--katex`.
[MathML]: http://www.w3.org/Math/
[LaTeXMathML]: http://math.etsu.edu/LaTeXMathML/
[jsMath]: http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsmath/
[MathJax]: https://www.mathjax.org
[gladTeX]: http://ans.hsh.no/home/mgg/gladtex/
[mimeTeX]: http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html
[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
Options for wrapper scripts
---------------------------
`--dump-args`
: Print information about command-line arguments to *stdout*, then exit.
This option is intended primarily for use in wrapper scripts.
The first line of output contains the name of the output file specified
with the `-o` option, or `-` (for *stdout*) if no output file was
specified. The remaining lines contain the command-line arguments,
one per line, in the order they appear. These do not include regular
pandoc options and their arguments, but do include any options appearing
after a `--` separator at the end of the line.
`--ignore-args`
: Ignore command-line arguments (for use in wrapper scripts).
Regular pandoc options are not ignored. Thus, for example,
pandoc --ignore-args -o foo.html -s foo.txt -- -e latin1
is equivalent to
pandoc -o foo.html -s
Templates
=========
When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
document. To see the default template that is used, just type