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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-gb">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Pinyin phonetics</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../shared/style/docs.css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="../shared/code/boilerplate.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../shared/code/toc_2016.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div id="header-boilerplate"></div>
<script>document.getElementById('header-boilerplate').innerHTML = bp_appHeader('../shared/images/world.gif','Pinyin phonetics','');</script>
</header>
<aside class="sidebar noprint">
<h2 class="notoc flush"><a id="tochead" tabindex="4">On this page</a></h2>
<div id="toc"><!-- placeholder --></div>
<!--div class="noprint">
<h2 class="notoc"><a id="related" tabindex="4">Related links</a></h2>
<p><a href="/scripts/links">Script links</a> <br>
(has links to fonts)</p>
<p><a href="/scripts/uniview/">UniView</a></p>
<p><a href="/apps/conversion/">Unicode Converter</a></p>
</div-->
</aside>
<p>I put this app together to help me get closer to the correct pronunciation of names of people, cities, etc. that I came across while reading about Chinese history. There was often some combination of letters that I couldn't quite remember how to pronounce.</p>
<p>It's not intended to be perfect, though I think it's pretty good overall. It works with input whether or not it has tonal accents. If you can suggest improvements, please <a href="https://github.com/r12a/app-pinyin-phonetics/issues/">raise a github issue</a>.</p>
<section id="symbols">
<h2>Phonetic symbols</h2>
<p>The non-obvious phonetic symbols are pronounced as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">pʰ, etc.</span> <em>(aspirated consonant)</em> With strong breath: compare the 'p' in 'part' and 'stop'.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">ɕ</span> <em>(voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative)</em> Like sh in sheet, with tongue flat, corners of lips drawn back, and tip of tongue against back of bottom teeth.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">ʂ</span> <em>(retroflex voiceless fricative)</em> 'sh' with tongue curled back.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">ʈʂ</span> <em>(retroflex voiceless dental affricate)</em> 'tsh' with tongue curled back.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">x</span> <em>(voiceless velar affricate)</em> Like 'ch' in 'loch', with back of tongue towards the roof of the mouth.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">ɻ</span> <em>(voiced blade-palatal fricative)</em> Like 'r' in 'ray', tongue curled back with only slight friction.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">i̯, u̯</span> <em>(non-syllabic vowel)</em> Like 'y' in 'yet' or 'w' in 'how'.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">y</span> <em>(high front rounded vowel)</em> Like 'u' in French or 'ü' in German.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">ɤ</span> <em>(upper mid-back unrounded vowel)</em> Similar to English 'duh', but not as open.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 150%;">ɛ</span> <em>(lower mid-front unrounded vowel)</em> Like 'e' in 'yet'.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="releasenotes">
<h2>Release notes</h2>
<p>This is the first release of this app.</p>
<p>The app accepts pinying text with tonal accents, but doesn't keep them in the phonetic rendering. I plan to change this in a later version.</p>
<p>The main sources for the phonetic mappings were Teach Yourself Chinese, by Elizabeth Scurfield, and the Wikipedia <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin">Pinyin</a> article.</p>
<p>If you want some text to play with, try this: Dìzào zhēnzhèng quánqiú tōngxíng de wànwéiwǎng. It means “Making the World Wide Web truly worldwide”, and the Han version is 缔造真正全球通行的万维网.</p>
</section>
<div class="smallprint">Updated
<!-- #BeginDate format:aEn2 -->Sun 23-Oct-2016<!-- #EndDate -->.
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
createtoc();
</script>
</body>
</html>