fix: Raise on invalid arithmetic shapes

[ritchie46]

fixes #16978

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.02%. Comparing base (12fb43a) to head (24fb425).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #16986      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.03%   81.02%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1446     1446              
  Lines      190415   190425      +10     
  Branches     2709     2709              
==========================================
- Hits       154294   154293       -1     
- Misses      35624    35635      +11     
  Partials      497      497              

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[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #16986 will improve performances by 22.58%

_{Comparing err (24fb425) with main (12fb43a)}

Summary

⚡ 1 improvements
✅ 36 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	main	err	Change
⚡	test_groupby_h2oai_q1	2.8 ms	2.3 ms	+22.58%

[ritchie46]

@nameexhaustion the benchmark fails due to something ttl related.