diff --git a/conf/config.level3.neon b/conf/config.level3.neon
index d777a8b60f..286f456be6 100644
--- a/conf/config.level3.neon
+++ b/conf/config.level3.neon
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ rules:
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Arrays\OffsetAccessAssignOpRule
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Arrays\OffsetAccessValueAssignmentRule
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Arrays\UnpackIterableInArrayRule
+	- PHPStan\Rules\Exceptions\ThrowExprTypeRule
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Functions\ArrowFunctionReturnTypeRule
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Functions\ClosureReturnTypeRule
 	- PHPStan\Rules\Functions\ReturnTypeRule
diff --git a/src/Rules/Exceptions/ThrowExprTypeRule.php b/src/Rules/Exceptions/ThrowExprTypeRule.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d38531321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Rules/Exceptions/ThrowExprTypeRule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Rules\Exceptions;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PHPStan\Analyser\Scope;
+use PHPStan\Rules\Rule;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleErrorBuilder;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleLevelHelper;
+use PHPStan\Type\ErrorType;
+use PHPStan\Type\ObjectType;
+use PHPStan\Type\Type;
+use PHPStan\Type\VerbosityLevel;
+use Throwable;
+use function sprintf;
+
+/**
+ * @implements Rule<Node\Expr\Throw_>
+ */
+class ThrowExprTypeRule implements Rule
+{
+
+	public function __construct(
+		private RuleLevelHelper $ruleLevelHelper,
+	)
+	{
+	}
+
+	public function getNodeType(): string
+	{
+		return Node\Expr\Throw_::class;
+	}
+
+	public function processNode(Node $node, Scope $scope): array
+	{
+		$throwableType = new ObjectType(Throwable::class);
+		$typeResult = $this->ruleLevelHelper->findTypeToCheck(
+			$scope,
+			$node->expr,
+			'Throwing object of an unknown class %s.',
+			static fn (Type $type): bool => $throwableType->isSuperTypeOf($type)->yes(),
+		);
+
+		$foundType = $typeResult->getType();
+		if ($foundType instanceof ErrorType) {
+			return $typeResult->getUnknownClassErrors();
+		}
+
+		$isSuperType = $throwableType->isSuperTypeOf($foundType);
+		if ($isSuperType->yes()) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		return [
+			RuleErrorBuilder::message(sprintf(
+				'Invalid type %s to throw.',
+				$foundType->describe(VerbosityLevel::typeOnly()),
+			))->build(),
+		];
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/ThrowExprTypeRuleTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/ThrowExprTypeRuleTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ef6277fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/ThrowExprTypeRuleTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Rules\Exceptions;
+
+use PHPStan\Rules\Rule;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleLevelHelper;
+use PHPStan\Testing\RuleTestCase;
+use const PHP_VERSION_ID;
+
+/**
+ * @extends RuleTestCase<ThrowExprTypeRule>
+ */
+class ThrowExprTypeRuleTest extends RuleTestCase
+{
+
+	protected function getRule(): Rule
+	{
+		return new ThrowExprTypeRule(new RuleLevelHelper($this->createReflectionProvider(), true, false, true, false, false, true, false));
+	}
+
+	public function testRule(): void
+	{
+		$this->analyse(
+			[__DIR__ . '/data/throw-values.php'],
+			[
+				/*[
+					'Invalid type int to throw.',
+					29,
+				],
+				[
+					'Invalid type ThrowValues\InvalidException to throw.',
+					32,
+				],
+				[
+					'Invalid type ThrowValues\InvalidInterfaceException to throw.',
+					35,
+				],
+				[
+					'Invalid type Exception|null to throw.',
+					38,
+				],
+				[
+					'Throwing object of an unknown class ThrowValues\NonexistentClass.',
+					44,
+					'Learn more at https://phpstan.org/user-guide/discovering-symbols',
+				],*/
+				[
+					'Invalid type int to throw.',
+					65,
+				],
+			],
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function testClassExists(): void
+	{
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/throw-class-exists.php'], []);
+	}
+
+	public function testRuleWithNullsafeVariant(): void
+	{
+		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
+			$this->markTestSkipped('Test requires PHP 8.0.');
+		}
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/throw-values-nullsafe.php'], [
+			/*[
+				'Invalid type Exception|null to throw.',
+				17,
+			],*/
+		]);
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-class-exists.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-class-exists.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39c9dd13dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-class-exists.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace ThrowExprClassExists;
+
+use function class_exists;
+
+class Foo
+{
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		if (!class_exists(Bar::class)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		throw new Bar();
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-values-nullsafe.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-values-nullsafe.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91dd2b516f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-values-nullsafe.php
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?php // lint >= 8.0
+
+namespace ThrowExprValuesNullsafe;
+
+class Bar
+{
+
+	function doException(): \Exception
+	{
+		return new \Exception();
+	}
+
+}
+
+function doFoo(?Bar $bar)
+{
+	throw $bar?->doException();
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-values.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-values.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8fc008d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/throw-values.php
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace ThrowExprValues;
+
+class InvalidException {};
+interface InvalidInterfaceException {};
+interface ValidInterfaceException extends \Throwable {};
+
+/**
+ * @template T of \Exception
+ * @param class-string<T> $genericExceptionClassName
+ * @param T $genericException
+ */
+function test($genericExceptionClassName, $genericException) {
+	/** @var ValidInterfaceException $validInterface */
+	$validInterface = new \Exception();
+	/** @var InvalidInterfaceException $invalidInterface */
+	$invalidInterface = new \Exception();
+	/** @var \Exception|null $nullableException */
+	$nullableException = new \Exception();
+
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw new \Exception();
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw $validInterface;
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw 123;
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw new InvalidException();
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw $invalidInterface;
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw $nullableException;
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw foo();
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw new NonexistentClass();
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw new $genericExceptionClassName;
+	}
+	if (rand(0, 1)) {
+		throw $genericException;
+	}
+}
+
+function (\stdClass $foo) {
+	/** @var \Exception $foo */
+	throw $foo;
+};
+
+function (\stdClass $foo) {
+	/** @var \Exception */
+	throw $foo;
+};
+
+function (?\stdClass $foo) {
+	echo $foo ?? throw 1;
+};