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Struct ve Class.md

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In Swift, both structs and classes are used to create complex data types, but they have some key differences:

  1. Value Types vs. Reference Types:

    • Structs are value types. When you assign a struct to a variable or pass it to a function, it is copied. Each instance keeps a unique copy of its data.
    • Classes are reference types. When you assign a class instance to a variable or pass it to a function, it is shared. Multiple references can point to the same instance.

  2. Inheritance:

    • Structs cannot inherit from other structs or classes.
    • Classes can inherit from other classes, enabling polymorphism and reusability.

  3. Initializers:

    • Structs automatically receive a memberwise initializer if they don’t define any of their own.
    • Classes don’t receive a default memberwise initializer and must provide their own initializers.

  4. Mutability:

    • With structs, if an instance is declared as a constant (let), its properties cannot be modified. This is because structs are value types.
    • With classes, even if an instance is declared as a constant, its properties can still be modified (unless they themselves are constants).

  5. Deinitializers and ARC:

    • Classes can have deinitializers (deinit) which are called when an instance of the class is deallocated. Classes are subject to Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) for memory management.
    • Structs do not have deinitializers and are not subject to ARC since they are copied rather than referenced.

  6. Identity Operators:

    • Since classes are reference types, you can use identity operators (=== and !==) to check if two variables refer to the same instance.
    • This concept does not apply to structs because each struct has its own unique copy of its data.

In Swift, the choice between using a struct or a class can affect the performance and functionality of your code. Structs are generally preferred for small, simple data structures that encapsulate a few values, while classes are more suited for complex data structures that need to be shared across different parts of a program.