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OCI Image Layout Specification

The OCI Image Layout is a slash separated layout of OCI content-addressable blobs and location-addressable references (refs). This layout MAY be used in a variety of different transport mechanisms: archive formats (e.g. tar, zip), shared filesystem environments (e.g. nfs), or networked file fetching (e.g. http, ftp, rsync).

Given an image layout and a ref, a tool can create an OCI Runtime Specification bundle by:

The image layout has two top level directories:

  • "blobs" contains content-addressable blobs. A blob has no schema and should be considered opaque.
  • "refs" contains descriptors. Commonly pointing to an image manifest.

It also contains a file that is used to identify the layout version:

  • "oci-layout" MUST contain a JSON object with a version field {"imageLayoutVersion": "1.0.0"} and MAY include additional fields.

This is an example image layout:

$ cd example.com/app/
$ find .
.
./blobs
./blobs/sha256/e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f
./blobs/sha256/afff3924849e458c5ef237db5f89539274d5e609db5db935ed3959c90f1f2d51
./blobs/sha256/5b0bcabd1ed22e9fb1310cf6c2dec7cdef19f0ad69efa1f392e94a4333501270
./blobs/sha256/e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f
./oci-layout
./refs
./refs/v1.0
./refs/stable-release

Blobs are named by their contents:

$ shasum -a 256 ./blobs/sha256/afff3924849e458c5ef237db5f89539274d5e609db5db935ed3959c90f1f2d51
afff3924849e458c5ef237db5f89539274d5e609db5db935ed3959c90f1f2d51 ./blobs/sha256/afff3924849e458c5ef237db5f89539274d5e609db5db935ed3959c90f1f2d51

Object names in the refs subdirectories MUST NOT include characters outside of the set of "A" to "Z", "a" to "z", "0" to "9", the hyphen -, the dot ., and the underscore _. Object names in the blobs subdirectories are composed of a directory for each hash algorithm, the children of which will contain the actual content. A blob, referenced with digest <alg>:<hex> (per descriptor), MUST have its content stored in a file under blobs/<alg>/<hex>. The character set of the entry name for <hex> and <alg> MUST match the respective grammar elements described in descriptor. For example sha256:5b will map to the layout blobs/sha256/5b. The blobs directory MAY contain blobs which are not referenced by any of the refs. The blobs directory MAY be missing referenced blobs, in which case the missing blobs SHOULD be fulfilled by an external blob store.

No semantic restriction is given for object names in the refs subdirectory. Each object in the refs subdirectory MUST be of type application/vnd.oci.descriptor.v1+json. In general the mediatype of this descriptor object will be either application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.list.v1+json or application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json although future versions of the spec MAY use a different mediatype.

Implementor's Note: A common use case of refs is representing "tags" for a container image. For example, an image may have a tag for different versions or builds of the software. In the wild you often see "tags" like "v1.0.0-vendor.0", "2.0.0-debug", etc. Those tags will often be represented in an image-layout repository with matching refs names like "v1.0.0-vendor.0", "2.0.0-debug", etc.

This illustrates the expected contents of a given ref, the manifest list it points to and the blobs the manifest references.

$ cat ./refs/v1.0
{"size": 4096, "digest": "sha256:e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f", "mediatype": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.list.v1+json"}

$ cat ./blobs/sha256/e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f
{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.list.v1+json",
  "manifests": [
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "size": 7143,
      "digest": "sha256:afff3924849e458c5ef237db5f89539274d5e609db5db935ed3959c90f1f2d51",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "ppc64le",
        "os": "linux"
      }
    },
...

$ cat ./blobs/sha256/afff3924849e458c5ef237db5f89539274d5e609db5db935ed3959c90f1f2d51
{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
  "config": [
    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.config.v1+json",
    "size": 7023,
    "digest": "sha256:5b0bcabd1ed22e9fb1310cf6c2dec7cdef19f0ad69efa1f392e94a4333501270"
  },
  "layers": [
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip",
      "size": 32654,
      "digest": "sha256:e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f"
    },
...

$ cat ./blobs/sha256/5b0bcabd1ed22e9fb1310cf6c2dec7cdef19f0ad69efa1f392e94a4333501270
{"architecture":"amd64","author":"Antonio Murdaca \u003eruncom@redhat.com\u003e","config":{"Hostname":"8dfe43d80430","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd":null,"Image":"sha256:6986ae504bbf843512d680cc959484452034965db15f75ee8bdd1b107f61500b",
...

$ cat ./blobs/sha256/e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f
[tar stream]