diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index b60ed70d0b..9381363300 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ Increment the:
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+* [SDK] Update ExemplarFilter and ExemplarReservoir for spec
+  [#2372](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/2372)
+
+Notes on experimental features:
+
+* [#2372](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/issues/2372)
+  introduced `MeterProvider::SetExemplar()` which accepts en
+  `ExemplarFilterType` enumeration with `kAlwaysOff`, `kAlwaysOn` and
+  `kTraceBased`.
+
 ## [1.15.0] 2024-04-21
 
 * [EXPORTER] Change OTLP HTTP content_type default to binary
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir.h
similarity index 63%
rename from sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h
rename to sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir.h
index f346160107..2690493d7d 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir.h
@@ -3,15 +3,18 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/data/exemplar_data.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#  include <memory>
+#  include <vector>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/global_log_handler.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/data/exemplar_data.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace common
@@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ namespace sdk
 namespace metrics
 {
 
-class HistogramExemplarReservoir : public FixedSizeExemplarReservoir
+class AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir : public FixedSizeExemplarReservoir
 {
 
 public:
@@ -39,11 +42,11 @@ class HistogramExemplarReservoir : public FixedSizeExemplarReservoir
     return std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector>{new HistogramCellSelector(boundaries)};
   }
 
-  HistogramExemplarReservoir(size_t size,
-                             std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
-                             std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData> (ReservoirCell::*map_and_reset_cell)(
-                                 const opentelemetry::sdk::common::OrderedAttributeMap &attributes))
-      : FixedSizeExemplarReservoir(size, reservoir_cell_selector, map_and_reset_cell)
+  AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir(
+      size_t size,
+      std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
+      MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell)
+      : FixedSizeExemplarReservoir(size + 1, reservoir_cell_selector, map_and_reset_cell)
   {}
 
   class HistogramCellSelector : public ReservoirCellSelector
@@ -72,7 +75,9 @@ class HistogramExemplarReservoir : public FixedSizeExemplarReservoir
           return static_cast<int>(i);
         }
       }
-      return -1;
+
+      // The bucket at max_size is for values greater than the last boundary
+      return static_cast<int>(max_size);
     }
 
   private:
@@ -87,3 +92,5 @@ class HistogramExemplarReservoir : public FixedSizeExemplarReservoir
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_sample_filter.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_sample_filter.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a1366aa80..0000000000
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_sample_filter.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-
-OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace context
-{
-class Context;
-}  // namespace context
-
-namespace sdk
-{
-namespace metrics
-{
-
-class AlwaysSampleFilter final : public ExemplarFilter
-{
-public:
-  bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(
-      int64_t /* value */,
-      const MetricAttributes & /* attributes */,
-      const opentelemetry::context::Context & /* context */) noexcept override
-  {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(
-      double /* value */,
-      const MetricAttributes & /* attributes */,
-      const opentelemetry::context::Context & /* context */) noexcept override
-  {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  explicit AlwaysSampleFilter() = default;
-};
-}  // namespace metrics
-}  // namespace sdk
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a5fd8966e3..0000000000
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/filtered_ordered_attribute_map.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-
-OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace context
-{
-class Context;
-}  // namespace context
-
-namespace sdk
-{
-namespace common
-{
-class OrderedAttributeMap;
-}  // namespace common
-
-namespace metrics
-{
-using MetricAttributes = opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::FilteredOrderedAttributeMap;
-
-/**
- * Exemplar filters are used to pre-filter measurements before attempting to store them in a
- * reservoir.
- */
-class ExemplarFilter
-{
-public:
-  // Returns whether or not a reservoir should attempt to filter a measurement.
-  virtual bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(int64_t value,
-                                       const MetricAttributes &attributes,
-                                       const opentelemetry::context::Context &context) noexcept = 0;
-
-  // Returns whether or not a reservoir should attempt to filter a measurement.
-  virtual bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(double value,
-                                       const MetricAttributes &attributes,
-                                       const opentelemetry::context::Context &context) noexcept = 0;
-
-  virtual ~ExemplarFilter() = default;
-
-  static std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> GetNeverSampleFilter() noexcept;
-  static std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> GetAlwaysSampleFilter() noexcept;
-  static std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> GetWithTraceSampleFilter() noexcept;
-};
-
-}  // namespace metrics
-}  // namespace sdk
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83cf7531fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+#  include <memory>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/filtered_ordered_attribute_map.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace context
+{
+class Context;
+}  // namespace context
+
+namespace sdk
+{
+namespace common
+{
+class OrderedAttributeMap;
+}  // namespace common
+
+namespace metrics
+{
+using MetricAttributes = opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::FilteredOrderedAttributeMap;
+
+/**
+ * Exemplar filter type is used to pre-filter measurements before attempting to store them in a
+ * reservoir.
+ * https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/sdk.md#exemplarfilter
+ */
+enum class ExemplarFilterType : uint8_t
+{
+  kAlwaysOff,
+  kAlwaysOn,
+  kTraceBased
+};
+
+}  // namespace metrics
+}  // namespace sdk
+OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filtered_exemplar_reservoir.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filtered_exemplar_reservoir.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 6ed97a689e..0000000000
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filtered_exemplar_reservoir.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-
-OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace common
-{
-class SystemTimestamp;
-}  // namespace common
-
-namespace context
-{
-class Context;
-}  // namespace context
-
-namespace sdk
-{
-namespace metrics
-{
-class FilteredExemplarReservoir final : public ExemplarReservoir
-{
-
-public:
-  FilteredExemplarReservoir(std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> filter,
-                            std::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> reservoir)
-      : filter_(filter), reservoir_(reservoir)
-  {}
-
-  void OfferMeasurement(int64_t value,
-                        const MetricAttributes &attributes,
-                        const opentelemetry::context::Context &context,
-                        const opentelemetry::common::SystemTimestamp &timestamp) noexcept override
-  {
-    if (filter_->ShouldSampleMeasurement(value, attributes, context))
-    {
-      reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, attributes, context, timestamp);
-    }
-  }
-
-  void OfferMeasurement(double value,
-                        const MetricAttributes &attributes,
-                        const opentelemetry::context::Context &context,
-                        const opentelemetry::common::SystemTimestamp &timestamp) noexcept override
-  {
-    if (filter_->ShouldSampleMeasurement(value, attributes, context))
-    {
-      reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, attributes, context, timestamp);
-    }
-  }
-
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData>> CollectAndReset(
-      const MetricAttributes &pointAttributes) noexcept override
-  {
-    return reservoir_->CollectAndReset(pointAttributes);
-  }
-
-private:
-  explicit FilteredExemplarReservoir() = default;
-  std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> filter_;
-  std::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> reservoir_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace metrics
-}  // namespace sdk
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h
index 509b2affce..55f9ed876e 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h
@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
 
-#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/attribute_utils.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h"
+#  include <memory>
+#  include <vector>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/attribute_utils.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace sdk
@@ -26,13 +28,14 @@ class FixedSizeExemplarReservoir : public ExemplarReservoir
 public:
   FixedSizeExemplarReservoir(size_t size,
                              std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
-                             std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData> (ReservoirCell::*map_and_reset_cell)(
-                                 const opentelemetry::sdk::common::OrderedAttributeMap &attributes))
+                             MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell)
       : storage_(size),
         reservoir_cell_selector_(reservoir_cell_selector),
         map_and_reset_cell_(map_and_reset_cell)
   {}
 
+  using ExemplarReservoir::OfferMeasurement;
+
   void OfferMeasurement(
       int64_t value,
       const MetricAttributes &attributes,
@@ -95,10 +98,11 @@ class FixedSizeExemplarReservoir : public ExemplarReservoir
   explicit FixedSizeExemplarReservoir() = default;
   std::vector<ReservoirCell> storage_;
   std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector_;
-  std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData> (ReservoirCell::*map_and_reset_cell_)(
-      const opentelemetry::sdk::common::OrderedAttributeMap &attributes);
+  MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/never_sample_filter.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/never_sample_filter.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 84d4ef9f77..0000000000
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/never_sample_filter.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-
-OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace context
-{
-class Context;
-}  // namespace context
-
-namespace sdk
-{
-namespace metrics
-{
-
-class NeverSampleFilter final : public ExemplarFilter
-{
-public:
-  bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(
-      int64_t /* value */,
-      const MetricAttributes & /* attributes */,
-      const opentelemetry::context::Context & /* context */) noexcept override
-  {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(
-      double /* value */,
-      const MetricAttributes & /* attributes */,
-      const opentelemetry::context::Context & /* context */) noexcept override
-  {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  explicit NeverSampleFilter() = default;
-};
-}  // namespace metrics
-}  // namespace sdk
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h
index edcde3c12f..66486f0cd4 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#  include <memory>
+#  include <vector>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace common
@@ -61,3 +63,5 @@ class NoExemplarReservoir final : public ExemplarReservoir
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h
index 3187e0da26..ef1df1c9a5 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#  include <memory>
+#  include <vector>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace common
@@ -64,15 +66,19 @@ class ExemplarReservoir
   virtual std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData>> CollectAndReset(
       const MetricAttributes &pointAttributes) noexcept = 0;
 
-  static nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> GetFilteredExemplarReservoir(
-      std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> filter,
+  static nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> GetSimpleFilteredExemplarReservoir(
+      ExemplarFilterType filter_type,
       std::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> reservoir);
 
-  static nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> GetHistogramExemplarReservoir(
+  static nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> GetSimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir(
       size_t size,
       std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
-      std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData> (ReservoirCell::*map_and_reset_cell)(
-          const opentelemetry::sdk::common::OrderedAttributeMap &attributes));
+      MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell);
+
+  static nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> GetAlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir(
+      size_t size,
+      std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
+      MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell);
 
   static nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> GetNoExemplarReservoir();
 };
@@ -80,3 +86,5 @@ class ExemplarReservoir
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h
index 772c1cc1f1..03941870c0 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h
@@ -3,15 +3,17 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <memory>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
 
-#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/data/exemplar_data.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/context.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#  include <cstddef>
+#  include <memory>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/data/exemplar_data.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/trace/context.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace context
@@ -151,6 +153,11 @@ class ReservoirCell
   friend class ReservoirCellTestPeer;
 };
 
+typedef std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData> (ReservoirCell::*MapAndResetCellType)(
+    const MetricAttributes &);
+
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h
index b3b2f09e23..79136ed9e8 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#  include <cstddef>
+#  include <vector>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace context
@@ -45,3 +47,5 @@ class ReservoirCellSelector
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_utils.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfd10995a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/common/macros.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/aggregation_config.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/simple_fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace sdk
+{
+namespace metrics
+{
+static inline MapAndResetCellType GetMapAndResetCellMethod(
+    const InstrumentDescriptor &instrument_descriptor)
+{
+  if (instrument_descriptor.value_type_ == InstrumentValueType::kLong)
+  {
+    return &ReservoirCell::GetAndResetLong;
+  }
+
+  return &ReservoirCell::GetAndResetDouble;
+}
+
+static inline nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> GetExemplarReservoir(
+    const AggregationType agg_type,
+    const AggregationConfig *agg_config,
+    const InstrumentDescriptor &instrument_descriptor)
+{
+  if (agg_type == AggregationType::kHistogram)
+  {
+    const auto *histogram_agg_config = static_cast<const HistogramAggregationConfig *>(agg_config);
+
+    //
+    // Explicit bucket histogram aggregation with more than 1 bucket will use
+    // AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir.
+    // https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/sdk.md#exemplar-defaults
+    //
+    if (histogram_agg_config != nullptr && histogram_agg_config->boundaries_.size() > 1)
+    {
+      return nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir>(new AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir(
+          histogram_agg_config->boundaries_.size(),
+          AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir::GetHistogramCellSelector(
+              histogram_agg_config->boundaries_),
+          GetMapAndResetCellMethod(instrument_descriptor)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir>(new SimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir(
+      SimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir::kDefaultSimpleReservoirSize,
+      SimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir::GetSimpleFixedSizeCellSelector(),
+      GetMapAndResetCellMethod(instrument_descriptor)));
+}
+}  // namespace metrics
+}  // namespace sdk
+OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/simple_fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/simple_fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99e659bf30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/simple_fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+#  include <memory>
+#  include <vector>
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/data/exemplar_data.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_selector.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#  include "src/common/random.h"
+
+OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace common
+{
+class OrderedAttributeMap;
+}  // namespace common
+
+namespace context
+{
+class Context;
+}  // namespace context
+
+namespace sdk
+{
+namespace metrics
+{
+
+class SimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir : public FixedSizeExemplarReservoir
+{
+public:
+  static const size_t kDefaultSimpleReservoirSize = 1;
+
+  static std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> GetSimpleFixedSizeCellSelector(
+      size_t size = kDefaultSimpleReservoirSize)
+  {
+    return std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector>{new SimpleFixedSizeCellSelector{size}};
+  }
+
+  SimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir(size_t size,
+                                   std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
+                                   MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell)
+      : FixedSizeExemplarReservoir(size, reservoir_cell_selector, map_and_reset_cell)
+  {}
+
+  class SimpleFixedSizeCellSelector : public ReservoirCellSelector
+  {
+  public:
+    SimpleFixedSizeCellSelector(size_t size) : size_(size) {}
+
+    int ReservoirCellIndexFor(const std::vector<ReservoirCell> &cells,
+                              int64_t value,
+                              const MetricAttributes &attributes,
+                              const opentelemetry::context::Context &context) override
+    {
+      return ReservoirCellIndexFor(cells, static_cast<double>(value), attributes, context);
+    }
+
+    int ReservoirCellIndexFor(const std::vector<ReservoirCell> & /* cells */,
+                              double /* value */,
+                              const MetricAttributes & /* attributes */,
+                              const opentelemetry::context::Context & /* context */) override
+    {
+      //
+      // The simple reservoir sampling algorithm from the spec below is used.
+      // https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/sdk.md#simplefixedsizeexemplarreservoir
+      //
+
+      size_t measurement_num = measurements_seen_++;
+      size_t index           = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+
+      if (measurement_num < size_)
+      {
+        index = measurement_num;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        size_t random_index = sdk::common::Random::GenerateRandom64() % measurement_num;
+
+        if (random_index < size_)
+        {
+          index = random_index;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return static_cast<int>(index);
+    }
+
+    void reset() override {}
+
+  private:
+    size_t measurements_seen_ = 0;
+    size_t size_;
+  };  // class SimpleFixedSizeCellSelector
+
+};  // class SimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir
+
+}  // namespace metrics
+}  // namespace sdk
+OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/with_trace_sample_filter.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/with_trace_sample_filter.h
deleted file mode 100644
index fbc0489d3d..0000000000
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/with_trace_sample_filter.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/context.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-
-OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace sdk
-{
-namespace metrics
-{
-
-class WithTraceSampleFilter final : public ExemplarFilter
-{
-public:
-  bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(int64_t /* value */,
-                               const MetricAttributes & /* attributes */,
-                               const opentelemetry::context::Context &context) noexcept override
-  {
-    return hasSampledTrace(context);
-  }
-
-  bool ShouldSampleMeasurement(double /* value */,
-                               const MetricAttributes & /* attributes */,
-                               const opentelemetry::context::Context &context) noexcept override
-  {
-    return hasSampledTrace(context);
-  }
-
-  explicit WithTraceSampleFilter() = default;
-
-private:
-  static bool hasSampledTrace(const opentelemetry::context::Context &context)
-  {
-    return opentelemetry::trace::GetSpan(context)->GetContext().IsValid() &&
-           opentelemetry::trace::GetSpan(context)->GetContext().IsSampled();
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace metrics
-}  // namespace sdk
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.h
index 7e89d444ab..b29bede012 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/attributemap_hash.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/instrumentationscope/instrumentation_scope.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument_metadata_validator.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ class Meter final : public opentelemetry::metrics::Meter
         new opentelemetry::metrics::NoopObservableInstrument("", "", ""));
     return noop_instrument;
   }
+
   static bool ValidateInstrument(nostd::string_view name,
                                  nostd::string_view description,
                                  nostd::string_view unit)
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_context.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_context.h
index 336f5da7a0..2dfa2db56e 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_context.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_context.h
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/view/view_registry.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/resource.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
@@ -107,6 +112,14 @@ class MeterContext : public std::enable_shared_from_this<MeterContext>
                std::unique_ptr<MeterSelector> meter_selector,
                std::unique_ptr<View> view) noexcept;
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+  void SetExemplarFilter(ExemplarFilterType exemplar_filter_type) noexcept;
+
+  ExemplarFilterType GetExemplarFilter() const noexcept;
+
+#endif
+
   /**
    * NOTE - INTERNAL method, can change in future.
    * Adds a meter to the list of configured meters in thread safe manner.
@@ -138,6 +151,10 @@ class MeterContext : public std::enable_shared_from_this<MeterContext>
   opentelemetry::common::SystemTimestamp sdk_start_ts_;
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Meter>> meters_;
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+  metrics::ExemplarFilterType exemplar_filter_type_ = metrics::ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff;
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__cpp_lib_atomic_value_initialization) && \
     __cpp_lib_atomic_value_initialization >= 201911L
   std::atomic_flag shutdown_latch_{};
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.h
index 8a8c04c636..ddeb6d96ac 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.h
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/metrics/meter_provider.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/view/view_registry.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/resource.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
@@ -100,6 +105,13 @@ class OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORT MeterProvider final : public opentelemetry::metrics::
                std::unique_ptr<MeterSelector> meter_selector,
                std::unique_ptr<View> view) noexcept;
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+  void SetExemplarFilter(metrics::ExemplarFilterType exemplar_filter_type =
+                             metrics::ExemplarFilterType::kTraceBased) noexcept;
+
+#endif
+
   /**
    * Shutdown the meter provider.
    */
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/async_metric_storage.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/async_metric_storage.h
index 6a01d5c7f0..14e9a3fbfa 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/async_metric_storage.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/async_metric_storage.h
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/attributemap_hash.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/default_aggregation.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/observer_result.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/attributes_hashmap.h"
@@ -30,14 +35,17 @@ class AsyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public AsyncWritableMetricStora
 public:
   AsyncMetricStorage(InstrumentDescriptor instrument_descriptor,
                      const AggregationType aggregation_type,
-                     nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> &&exemplar_reservoir
-                         OPENTELEMETRY_MAYBE_UNUSED,
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+                     ExemplarFilterType exempler_filter_type,
+                     nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> &&exemplar_reservoir,
+#endif
                      const AggregationConfig *aggregation_config)
       : instrument_descriptor_(instrument_descriptor),
         aggregation_type_{aggregation_type},
         cumulative_hash_map_(new AttributesHashMap()),
         delta_hash_map_(new AttributesHashMap()),
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+        exemplar_filter_type_(exempler_filter_type),
         exemplar_reservoir_(exemplar_reservoir),
 #endif
         temporal_metric_storage_(instrument_descriptor, aggregation_type, aggregation_config)
@@ -54,8 +62,11 @@ class AsyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public AsyncWritableMetricStora
     for (auto &measurement : measurements)
     {
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
-      exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(measurement.second, {}, {},
-                                            std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+      if (exemplar_filter_type_ == ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOn)
+      {
+        exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(measurement.second, {}, {},
+                                              std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+      }
 #endif
 
       auto aggr = DefaultAggregation::CreateAggregation(aggregation_type_, instrument_descriptor_);
@@ -131,6 +142,7 @@ class AsyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public AsyncWritableMetricStora
   std::unique_ptr<AttributesHashMap> delta_hash_map_;
   opentelemetry::common::SpinLockMutex hashmap_lock_;
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+  ExemplarFilterType exemplar_filter_type_;
   nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> exemplar_reservoir_;
 #endif
   TemporalMetricStorage temporal_metric_storage_;
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/metric_storage.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/metric_storage.h
index 277b45fbb6..abeebf45a8 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/metric_storage.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/metric_storage.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/data/metric_data.h"
@@ -20,11 +21,6 @@ namespace common
 class KeyValueIterable;
 }  // namespace common
 
-namespace context
-{
-class Context;
-}  // namespace context
-
 namespace sdk
 {
 namespace metrics
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h
index 9c851379e1..031bab2f61 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h
@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/attributemap_hash.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/default_aggregation.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/attributes_hashmap.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/metric_collector.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/metric_storage.h"
-
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/temporal_metric_storage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/view/attributes_processor.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
@@ -34,18 +38,34 @@ namespace metrics
 class SyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public SyncWritableMetricStorage
 {
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+  static inline bool EnableExamplarFilter(ExemplarFilterType filter_type,
+                                          const opentelemetry::context::Context &context)
+  {
+    return filter_type == ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOn ||
+           (filter_type == ExemplarFilterType::kTraceBased &&
+            opentelemetry::trace::GetSpan(context)->GetContext().IsValid() &&
+            opentelemetry::trace::GetSpan(context)->GetContext().IsSampled());
+  }
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
 public:
   SyncMetricStorage(InstrumentDescriptor instrument_descriptor,
                     const AggregationType aggregation_type,
                     const AttributesProcessor *attributes_processor,
-                    nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> &&exemplar_reservoir
-                        OPENTELEMETRY_MAYBE_UNUSED,
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+                    ExemplarFilterType exempler_filter_type,
+                    nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> &&exemplar_reservoir,
+#endif
                     const AggregationConfig *aggregation_config,
                     size_t attributes_limit = kAggregationCardinalityLimit)
       : instrument_descriptor_(instrument_descriptor),
         attributes_hashmap_(new AttributesHashMap(attributes_limit)),
         attributes_processor_(attributes_processor),
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+        exemplar_filter_type_(exempler_filter_type),
         exemplar_reservoir_(exemplar_reservoir),
 #endif
         temporal_metric_storage_(instrument_descriptor, aggregation_type, aggregation_config)
@@ -66,7 +86,10 @@ class SyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public SyncWritableMetricStorage
       return;
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
-    exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, {}, context, std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    if (EnableExamplarFilter(exemplar_filter_type_, context))
+    {
+      exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, {}, context, std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    }
 #endif
     static size_t hash = opentelemetry::sdk::common::GetHash("");
     std::lock_guard<opentelemetry::common::SpinLockMutex> guard(attribute_hashmap_lock_);
@@ -83,8 +106,11 @@ class SyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public SyncWritableMetricStorage
       return;
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
-    exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, attributes, context,
-                                          std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    if (EnableExamplarFilter(exemplar_filter_type_, context))
+    {
+      exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, attributes, context,
+                                            std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    }
 #endif
     auto hash = opentelemetry::sdk::common::GetHashForAttributeMap(
         attributes, [this](nostd::string_view key) {
@@ -113,7 +139,10 @@ class SyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public SyncWritableMetricStorage
       return;
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
-    exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, {}, context, std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    if (EnableExamplarFilter(exemplar_filter_type_, context))
+    {
+      exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, {}, context, std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    }
 #endif
     static size_t hash = opentelemetry::sdk::common::GetHash("");
     std::lock_guard<opentelemetry::common::SpinLockMutex> guard(attribute_hashmap_lock_);
@@ -130,8 +159,11 @@ class SyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public SyncWritableMetricStorage
       return;
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
-    exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, attributes, context,
-                                          std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    if (EnableExamplarFilter(exemplar_filter_type_, context))
+    {
+      exemplar_reservoir_->OfferMeasurement(value, attributes, context,
+                                            std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+    }
 #endif
     auto hash = opentelemetry::sdk::common::GetHashForAttributeMap(
         attributes, [this](nostd::string_view key) {
@@ -163,6 +195,7 @@ class SyncMetricStorage : public MetricStorage, public SyncWritableMetricStorage
   std::function<std::unique_ptr<Aggregation>()> create_default_aggregation_;
   const AttributesProcessor *attributes_processor_;
 #ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+  ExemplarFilterType exemplar_filter_type_;
   nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> exemplar_reservoir_;
 #endif
   TemporalMetricStorage temporal_metric_storage_;
diff --git a/sdk/src/common/fast_random_number_generator.h b/sdk/src/common/fast_random_number_generator.h
index 9887f2f3b3..13e6c738d1 100644
--- a/sdk/src/common/fast_random_number_generator.h
+++ b/sdk/src/common/fast_random_number_generator.h
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ class FastRandomNumberGenerator
                            reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(state_.data() + state_.size()));
   }
 
-  static constexpr uint64_t min() noexcept { return 0; }
+  static constexpr uint64_t(min)() noexcept { return 0; }
 
-  static constexpr uint64_t max() noexcept { return std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(); }
+  static constexpr uint64_t(max)() noexcept { return (std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max)(); }
 
 private:
   std::array<uint64_t, 2> state_{};
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/BUILD b/sdk/src/metrics/BUILD
index c230f6a637..ff8d244da1 100644
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/BUILD
+++ b/sdk/src/metrics/BUILD
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ cc_library(
         "//api",
         "//sdk:headers",
         "//sdk/src/common:global_log_handler",
+        "//sdk/src/common:random",
         "//sdk/src/resource",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/CMakeLists.txt b/sdk/src/metrics/CMakeLists.txt
index 134b227893..15611d1cab 100644
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/sdk/src/metrics/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ add_library(
   aggregation/lastvalue_aggregation.cc
   aggregation/sum_aggregation.cc
   data/circular_buffer.cc
-  exemplar/filter.cc
   exemplar/reservoir.cc
   view/instrument_selector_factory.cc
   view/meter_selector_factory.cc
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/exemplar/filter.cc b/sdk/src/metrics/exemplar/filter.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index d74f024858..0000000000
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/exemplar/filter.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_sample_filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/never_sample_filter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/with_trace_sample_filter.h"
-
-OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace sdk
-{
-namespace metrics
-{
-
-std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> ExemplarFilter::GetNeverSampleFilter() noexcept
-{
-  static std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> neverSampleFilter{new NeverSampleFilter{}};
-  return neverSampleFilter;
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> ExemplarFilter::GetAlwaysSampleFilter() noexcept
-{
-  static std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> alwaysSampleFilter{new AlwaysSampleFilter{}};
-  return alwaysSampleFilter;
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> ExemplarFilter::GetWithTraceSampleFilter() noexcept
-{
-  std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> withTraceSampleFilter{new WithTraceSampleFilter{}};
-  return withTraceSampleFilter;
-}
-
-}  // namespace metrics
-}  // namespace sdk
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.cc b/sdk/src/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.cc
index b6f62a9885..d695587a91 100644
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.cc
+++ b/sdk/src/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.cc
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
 #include <vector>
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filtered_exemplar_reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/simple_fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace sdk
@@ -15,21 +17,22 @@ namespace sdk
 namespace metrics
 {
 
-nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> ExemplarReservoir::GetFilteredExemplarReservoir(
-    std::shared_ptr<ExemplarFilter> filter,
-    std::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> reservoir)
+nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> ExemplarReservoir::GetSimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir(
+    size_t size,
+    std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
+    MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell)
 {
-  return nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir>{new FilteredExemplarReservoir{filter, reservoir}};
+  return nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir>{
+      new SimpleFixedSizeExemplarReservoir{size, reservoir_cell_selector, map_and_reset_cell}};
 }
 
-nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> ExemplarReservoir::GetHistogramExemplarReservoir(
+nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> ExemplarReservoir::GetAlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir(
     size_t size,
     std::shared_ptr<ReservoirCellSelector> reservoir_cell_selector,
-    std::shared_ptr<ExemplarData> (ReservoirCell::*map_and_reset_cell)(
-        const common::OrderedAttributeMap &attributes))
+    MapAndResetCellType map_and_reset_cell)
 {
-  return nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir>{
-      new HistogramExemplarReservoir{size, reservoir_cell_selector, map_and_reset_cell}};
+  return nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir>{new AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir{
+      size, reservoir_cell_selector, map_and_reset_cell}};
 }
 
 nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir()
@@ -40,3 +43,5 @@ nostd::shared_ptr<ExemplarReservoir> ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir()
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/meter.cc b/sdk/src/metrics/meter.cc
index 0ae3776111..763cdcbe02 100644
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/meter.cc
+++ b/sdk/src/metrics/meter.cc
@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.h"
 #include <cstdint>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/metrics/noop.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/attributemap_hash.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/async_instruments.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_utils.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/multi_metric_storage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/observable_registry.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h"
@@ -309,11 +315,22 @@ std::unique_ptr<SyncWritableMetricStorage> Meter::RegisterSyncMetricStorage(
         << "The metric context is invalid");
     return nullptr;
   }
+
   auto view_registry = ctx->GetViewRegistry();
   std::unique_ptr<SyncWritableMetricStorage> storages(new SyncMultiMetricStorage());
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+  auto exemplar_filter_type = ctx->GetExemplarFilter();
+#endif
+
   auto success = view_registry->FindViews(
-      instrument_descriptor, *scope_, [this, &instrument_descriptor, &storages](const View &view) {
+      instrument_descriptor, *scope_,
+      [this, &instrument_descriptor, &storages
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+       ,
+       exemplar_filter_type
+#endif
+  ](const View &view) {
         auto view_instr_desc = instrument_descriptor;
         if (!view.GetName().empty())
         {
@@ -327,7 +344,12 @@ std::unique_ptr<SyncWritableMetricStorage> Meter::RegisterSyncMetricStorage(
 
         auto storage = std::shared_ptr<SyncMetricStorage>(new SyncMetricStorage(
             view_instr_desc, view.GetAggregationType(), &view.GetAttributesProcessor(),
-            ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), view.GetAggregationConfig()));
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+            exemplar_filter_type,
+            GetExemplarReservoir(view.GetAggregationType(), view.GetAggregationConfig(),
+                                 instrument_descriptor),
+#endif
+            view.GetAggregationConfig()));
         storage_registry_[instrument_descriptor.name_] = storage;
         multi_storage->AddStorage(storage);
         return true;
@@ -356,9 +378,19 @@ std::unique_ptr<AsyncWritableMetricStorage> Meter::RegisterAsyncMetricStorage(
   }
   auto view_registry = ctx->GetViewRegistry();
   std::unique_ptr<AsyncWritableMetricStorage> storages(new AsyncMultiMetricStorage());
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+  auto exemplar_filter_type = ctx->GetExemplarFilter();
+#endif
+
   auto success = view_registry->FindViews(
       instrument_descriptor, *GetInstrumentationScope(),
-      [this, &instrument_descriptor, &storages](const View &view) {
+      [this, &instrument_descriptor, &storages
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+       ,
+       exemplar_filter_type
+#endif
+  ](const View &view) {
         auto view_instr_desc = instrument_descriptor;
         if (!view.GetName().empty())
         {
@@ -369,7 +401,12 @@ std::unique_ptr<AsyncWritableMetricStorage> Meter::RegisterAsyncMetricStorage(
           view_instr_desc.description_ = view.GetDescription();
         }
         auto storage = std::shared_ptr<AsyncMetricStorage>(new AsyncMetricStorage(
-            view_instr_desc, view.GetAggregationType(), ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+            view_instr_desc, view.GetAggregationType(),
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+            exemplar_filter_type,
+            GetExemplarReservoir(view.GetAggregationType(), view.GetAggregationConfig(),
+                                 instrument_descriptor),
+#endif
             view.GetAggregationConfig()));
         storage_registry_[instrument_descriptor.name_] = storage;
         static_cast<AsyncMultiMetricStorage *>(storages.get())->AddStorage(storage);
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/meter_context.cc b/sdk/src/metrics/meter_context.cc
index 79f254fa93..2b5ef3148c 100644
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/meter_context.cc
+++ b/sdk/src/metrics/meter_context.cc
@@ -74,6 +74,20 @@ void MeterContext::AddView(std::unique_ptr<InstrumentSelector> instrument_select
   views_->AddView(std::move(instrument_selector), std::move(meter_selector), std::move(view));
 }
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+void MeterContext::SetExemplarFilter(metrics::ExemplarFilterType exemplar_filter_type) noexcept
+{
+  exemplar_filter_type_ = exemplar_filter_type;
+}
+
+ExemplarFilterType MeterContext::GetExemplarFilter() const noexcept
+{
+  return exemplar_filter_type_;
+}
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
 void MeterContext::AddMeter(std::shared_ptr<Meter> meter)
 {
   std::lock_guard<opentelemetry::common::SpinLockMutex> guard(meter_lock_);
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/meter_provider.cc b/sdk/src/metrics/meter_provider.cc
index 63bea5ae28..943ae137bd 100644
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/meter_provider.cc
+++ b/sdk/src/metrics/meter_provider.cc
@@ -99,17 +99,25 @@ const resource::Resource &MeterProvider::GetResource() const noexcept
 
 void MeterProvider::AddMetricReader(std::shared_ptr<MetricReader> reader) noexcept
 {
-  return context_->AddMetricReader(reader);
+  context_->AddMetricReader(reader);
 }
 
 void MeterProvider::AddView(std::unique_ptr<InstrumentSelector> instrument_selector,
                             std::unique_ptr<MeterSelector> meter_selector,
                             std::unique_ptr<View> view) noexcept
 {
-  return context_->AddView(std::move(instrument_selector), std::move(meter_selector),
-                           std::move(view));
+  context_->AddView(std::move(instrument_selector), std::move(meter_selector), std::move(view));
 }
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+void MeterProvider::SetExemplarFilter(metrics::ExemplarFilterType exemplar_filter_type) noexcept
+{
+  context_->SetExemplarFilter(exemplar_filter_type);
+}
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
 /**
  * Shutdown the meter provider.
  */
diff --git a/sdk/src/metrics/state/filtered_ordered_attribute_map.cc b/sdk/src/metrics/state/filtered_ordered_attribute_map.cc
index 1af0fe0d92..54552cab11 100644
--- a/sdk/src/metrics/state/filtered_ordered_attribute_map.cc
+++ b/sdk/src/metrics/state/filtered_ordered_attribute_map.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ FilteredOrderedAttributeMap::FilteredOrderedAttributeMap(
 {
   attributes.ForEachKeyValue(
       [&](nostd::string_view key, opentelemetry::common::AttributeValue value) noexcept {
-        if (processor && processor->isPresent(key))
+        if (!processor || processor->isPresent(key))
         {
           SetAttribute(key, value);
         }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FilteredOrderedAttributeMap::FilteredOrderedAttributeMap(
 {
   for (auto &kv : attributes)
   {
-    if (processor && processor->isPresent(kv.first))
+    if (!processor || processor->isPresent(kv.first))
     {
       SetAttribute(kv.first, kv.second);
     }
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/async_metric_storage_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/async_metric_storage_test.cc
index 7b43fea14d..3b72e99d96 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/async_metric_storage_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/async_metric_storage_test.cc
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@
 
 #include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/async_instruments.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/metric_reader.h"
@@ -55,7 +60,11 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageTestFixture, TestAggregation)
   collectors.push_back(collector);
 
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::AsyncMetricStorage storage(
-      instr_desc, AggregationType::kSum, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+      instr_desc, AggregationType::kSum,
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
   int64_t get_count1                                                                  = 20;
   int64_t put_count1                                                                  = 10;
   std::unordered_map<MetricAttributes, int64_t, AttributeHashGenerator> measurements1 = {
@@ -146,7 +155,11 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageTestUpDownFixture, TestAggregation)
   collectors.push_back(collector);
 
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::AsyncMetricStorage storage(
-      instr_desc, AggregationType::kDefault, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+      instr_desc, AggregationType::kDefault,
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
   int64_t get_count1                                                                  = 20;
   int64_t put_count1                                                                  = 10;
   std::unordered_map<MetricAttributes, int64_t, AttributeHashGenerator> measurements1 = {
@@ -236,7 +249,10 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageTestObservableGaugeFixture, TestAggregation)
   collectors.push_back(collector);
 
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::AsyncMetricStorage storage(
-      instr_desc, AggregationType::kLastValue, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+      instr_desc, AggregationType::kLastValue,
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
       nullptr);
   int64_t freq_cpu0                                                                   = 3;
   int64_t freq_cpu1                                                                   = 5;
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/cardinality_limit_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/cardinality_limit_test.cc
index 621241557b..8c2edb4b0c 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/cardinality_limit_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/cardinality_limit_test.cc
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #include "common.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/sum_aggregation.h"
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#endif
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/attributes_hashmap.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h"
@@ -67,7 +70,11 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageCardinalityLimitTestFixture, LongCounterSumAggregati
   std::unique_ptr<DefaultAttributesProcessor> default_attributes_processor{
       new DefaultAttributesProcessor{}};
   SyncMetricStorage storage(instr_desc, AggregationType::kSum, default_attributes_processor.get(),
-                            ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr, attributes_limit);
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+                            ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff,
+                            ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+                            nullptr, attributes_limit);
 
   long record_value = 100;
   // add 9 unique metric points, and 6 more above limit.
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/BUILD b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/BUILD
index 61281af745..413780b7d5 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/BUILD
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/BUILD
@@ -18,57 +18,6 @@ cc_test(
     ],
 )
 
-cc_test(
-    name = "with_trace_sample_filter_test",
-    srcs = [
-        "with_trace_sample_filter_test.cc",
-    ],
-    tags = [
-        "metrics",
-        "test",
-    ],
-    deps = [
-        "//api",
-        "//sdk:headers",
-        "//sdk/src/metrics",
-        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
-    ],
-)
-
-cc_test(
-    name = "never_sample_filter_test",
-    srcs = [
-        "never_sample_filter_test.cc",
-    ],
-    tags = [
-        "metrics",
-        "test",
-    ],
-    deps = [
-        "//api",
-        "//sdk:headers",
-        "//sdk/src/metrics",
-        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
-    ],
-)
-
-cc_test(
-    name = "always_sample_filter_test",
-    srcs = [
-        "always_sample_filter_test.cc",
-    ],
-    tags = [
-        "metrics",
-        "test",
-    ],
-    deps = [
-        "//api",
-        "//sdk:headers",
-        "//sdk/src/metrics",
-        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
-    ],
-)
-
 cc_test(
     name = "reservoir_cell_test",
     srcs = [
@@ -87,9 +36,9 @@ cc_test(
 )
 
 cc_test(
-    name = "histogram_exemplar_reservoir_test",
+    name = "aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir_test",
     srcs = [
-        "histogram_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc",
+        "aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc",
     ],
     tags = [
         "metrics",
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/CMakeLists.txt b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/CMakeLists.txt
index b4d5cfe793..04a715b2f8 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-foreach(
-  testname
-  no_exemplar_reservoir_test never_sample_filter_test always_sample_filter_test
-  histogram_exemplar_reservoir_test reservoir_cell_test
-  with_trace_sample_filter_test)
+foreach(testname
+        no_exemplar_reservoir_test
+        aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir_test reservoir_cell_test)
   add_executable(${testname} "${testname}.cc")
   target_link_libraries(
     ${testname} ${GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..487a0414a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+#  include <vector>
+
+#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/aligned_histogram_bucket_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+
+OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace sdk
+{
+namespace metrics
+{
+class AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoirTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
+{
+public:
+};
+
+TEST_F(AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoirTestPeer, OfferMeasurement)
+{
+  std::vector<double> boundaries{1, 5.0, 10, 15, 20};
+  auto histogram_exemplar_reservoir = ExemplarReservoir::GetAlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir(
+      boundaries.size(),
+      AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir::GetHistogramCellSelector(boundaries), nullptr);
+  histogram_exemplar_reservoir->OfferMeasurement(
+      1.0, MetricAttributes{}, opentelemetry::context::Context{}, std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+  histogram_exemplar_reservoir->OfferMeasurement(static_cast<int64_t>(1), MetricAttributes{},
+                                                 opentelemetry::context::Context{},
+                                                 std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+  auto exemplar_data = histogram_exemplar_reservoir->CollectAndReset(MetricAttributes{});
+  ASSERT_TRUE(exemplar_data.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoirTestPeer, OfferMeasurementWithNonEmptyCollection)
+{
+  std::vector<double> boundaries{1, 5.0, 10, 15, 20};
+  auto histogram_exemplar_reservoir = ExemplarReservoir::GetAlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir(
+      boundaries.size(),
+      AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir::GetHistogramCellSelector(boundaries),
+      &ReservoirCell::GetAndResetDouble);
+  histogram_exemplar_reservoir->OfferMeasurement(
+      1.0, MetricAttributes{}, opentelemetry::context::Context{}, std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+  histogram_exemplar_reservoir->OfferMeasurement(static_cast<int64_t>(1), MetricAttributes{},
+                                                 opentelemetry::context::Context{},
+                                                 std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+  auto exemplar_data = histogram_exemplar_reservoir->CollectAndReset(MetricAttributes{});
+  ASSERT_TRUE(!exemplar_data.empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace metrics
+}  // namespace sdk
+OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 927d6bdd31..0000000000
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h"
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <vector>
-
-OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace sdk
-{
-namespace metrics
-{
-class HistogramExemplarReservoirTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
-{
-public:
-};
-
-TEST_F(HistogramExemplarReservoirTestPeer, OfferMeasurement)
-{
-  std::vector<double> boundaries{1, 5.0, 10, 15, 20};
-  auto histogram_exemplar_reservoir = ExemplarReservoir::GetHistogramExemplarReservoir(
-      boundaries.size(), HistogramExemplarReservoir::GetHistogramCellSelector(boundaries), nullptr);
-  histogram_exemplar_reservoir->OfferMeasurement(
-      1.0, MetricAttributes{}, opentelemetry::context::Context{}, std::chrono::system_clock::now());
-  histogram_exemplar_reservoir->OfferMeasurement(static_cast<int64_t>(1), MetricAttributes{},
-                                                 opentelemetry::context::Context{},
-                                                 std::chrono::system_clock::now());
-  auto exemplar_data = histogram_exemplar_reservoir->CollectAndReset(MetricAttributes{});
-  ASSERT_TRUE(exemplar_data.empty());
-}
-
-}  // namespace metrics
-}  // namespace sdk
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/never_sample_filter_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/never_sample_filter_test.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index e00d9f2962..0000000000
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/never_sample_filter_test.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter.h"
-
-using namespace opentelemetry::sdk::metrics;
-
-TEST(NeverSampleFilter, SampleMeasurement)
-{
-  auto filter = opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::ExemplarFilter::GetNeverSampleFilter();
-  ASSERT_FALSE(
-      filter->ShouldSampleMeasurement(1.0, MetricAttributes{}, opentelemetry::context::Context{}));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(filter->ShouldSampleMeasurement(static_cast<int64_t>(1), MetricAttributes{},
-                                               opentelemetry::context::Context{}));
-}
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc
index ac86350af4..6739152b05 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir_test.cc
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h"
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 using namespace opentelemetry::sdk::metrics;
 
@@ -16,3 +18,5 @@ TEST(NoExemplarReservoir, OfferMeasurement)
   auto exemplar_data = reservoir->CollectAndReset(MetricAttributes{});
   ASSERT_TRUE(exemplar_data.empty());
 }
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_test.cc
index 7522a36312..2ce00ff3ba 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell_test.cc
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir_cell.h"
+#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace sdk
@@ -70,3 +72,5 @@ TEST_F(ReservoirCellTestPeer, Filtered)
 }  // namespace metrics
 }  // namespace sdk
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/multi_metric_storage_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/multi_metric_storage_test.cc
index e7e4151f09..97c5a438ee 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/multi_metric_storage_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/multi_metric_storage_test.cc
@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@
 
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/multi_metric_storage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+#endif  // ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_counter_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_counter_test.cc
index e27a9f5a24..220abe6b94 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_counter_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_counter_test.cc
@@ -5,8 +5,14 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+
+#if ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/view/attributes_processor.h"
@@ -37,7 +43,10 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageTestFixture, LongCounterSumAggregation)
       new DefaultAttributesProcessor{}};
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::SyncMetricStorage storage(
       instr_desc, AggregationType::kSum, default_attributes_processor.get(),
-      ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
 
   storage.RecordLong(10, KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, std::string>>(attributes_get),
                      opentelemetry::context::Context{});
@@ -174,7 +183,10 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageTestFixture, DoubleCounterSumAggregation)
       new DefaultAttributesProcessor{}};
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::SyncMetricStorage storage(
       instr_desc, AggregationType::kSum, default_attributes_processor.get(),
-      ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
 
   storage.RecordDouble(10.0,
                        KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, std::string>>(attributes_get),
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_histogram_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_histogram_test.cc
index 3da2b0538e..5ded7f3b46 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_histogram_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_histogram_test.cc
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@
 
 #include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/no_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/reservoir.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/view/attributes_processor.h"
@@ -38,7 +43,10 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageHistogramTestFixture, LongHistogram)
       new DefaultAttributesProcessor{}};
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::SyncMetricStorage storage(
       instr_desc, AggregationType::kHistogram, default_attributes_processor.get(),
-      NoExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
 
   storage.RecordLong(10, KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, std::string>>(attributes_get),
                      opentelemetry::context::Context{});
@@ -176,7 +184,10 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageHistogramTestFixture, DoubleHistogram)
       new DefaultAttributesProcessor{}};
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::SyncMetricStorage storage(
       instr_desc, AggregationType::kHistogram, default_attributes_processor.get(),
-      NoExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
 
   storage.RecordDouble(10.0,
                        KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, std::string>>(attributes_get),
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_up_down_counter_test.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_up_down_counter_test.cc
index 15077b428a..216574a587 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_up_down_counter_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/sync_metric_storage_up_down_counter_test.cc
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@
 
 #include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.h"
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/filter_type.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/sync_metric_storage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/view/attributes_processor.h"
@@ -37,7 +41,10 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageTestFixture, LongUpDownCounterSumAggregation)
       new DefaultAttributesProcessor{}};
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::SyncMetricStorage storage(
       instr_desc, AggregationType::kSum, default_attributes_processor.get(),
-      ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
 
   int64_t val1 = 10, val2 = 30, val3 = -5, val4 = -10;
   storage.RecordLong(val1, KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, std::string>>(attributes_get),
@@ -184,7 +191,10 @@ TEST_P(WritableMetricStorageTestFixture, DoubleUpDownCounterSumAggregation)
       new DefaultAttributesProcessor{}};
   opentelemetry::sdk::metrics::SyncMetricStorage storage(
       instr_desc, AggregationType::kSum, default_attributes_processor.get(),
-      ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(), nullptr);
+#ifdef ENABLE_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW
+      ExemplarFilterType::kAlwaysOff, ExemplarReservoir::GetNoExemplarReservoir(),
+#endif
+      nullptr);
 
   storage.RecordDouble(10.0,
                        KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, std::string>>(attributes_get),