diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/config.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/config.go
index 39b131dfde07..da66b0bc5975 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/config.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/config.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/DataDog/datadog-agent/pkg/util/hostname/validate"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component"
@@ -411,6 +412,11 @@ type HostMetadataConfig struct {
 	// These tags will be attached to telemetry signals that have the host metadata hostname.
 	// To attach tags to telemetry signals regardless of the host, use a processor instead.
 	Tags []string `mapstructure:"tags"`
+
+	// sourceTimeout is the timeout to fetch from each provider - for example AWS IMDS.
+	// If unset, or set to zero duration, there will be no timeout applied.
+	// Default is no timeout.
+	sourceTimeout time.Duration
 }
 
 // Config defines configuration for the Datadog exporter.
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/factory.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/factory.go
index 3ae7f2d42e26..fa6a6957c0e2 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/factory.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/factory.go
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ type factory struct {
 	registry *featuregate.Registry
 }
 
-func (f *factory) SourceProvider(set component.TelemetrySettings, configHostname string) (source.Provider, error) {
+func (f *factory) SourceProvider(set component.TelemetrySettings, configHostname string, timeout time.Duration) (source.Provider, error) {
 	f.onceProvider.Do(func() {
-		f.sourceProvider, f.providerErr = hostmetadata.GetSourceProvider(set, configHostname)
+		f.sourceProvider, f.providerErr = hostmetadata.GetSourceProvider(set, configHostname, timeout)
 	})
 	return f.sourceProvider, f.providerErr
 }
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ func (f *factory) createMetricsExporter(
 	c component.Config,
 ) (exporter.Metrics, error) {
 	cfg := checkAndCastConfig(c, set.TelemetrySettings.Logger)
-	hostProvider, err := f.SourceProvider(set.TelemetrySettings, cfg.Hostname)
+	hostProvider, err := f.SourceProvider(set.TelemetrySettings, cfg.Hostname, cfg.HostMetadata.sourceTimeout)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build hostname provider: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ func (f *factory) createTracesExporter(
 		wg     sync.WaitGroup // waits for agent to exit
 	)
 
-	hostProvider, err := f.SourceProvider(set.TelemetrySettings, cfg.Hostname)
+	hostProvider, err := f.SourceProvider(set.TelemetrySettings, cfg.Hostname, cfg.HostMetadata.sourceTimeout)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build hostname provider: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ func (f *factory) createLogsExporter(
 
 	var pusher consumer.ConsumeLogsFunc
 	var logsAgent logsagentpipeline.LogsAgent
-	hostProvider, err := f.SourceProvider(set.TelemetrySettings, cfg.Hostname)
+	hostProvider, err := f.SourceProvider(set.TelemetrySettings, cfg.Hostname, cfg.HostMetadata.sourceTimeout)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build hostname provider: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/factory_test.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/factory_test.go
index fa1137d1417a..e01b1521fad4 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/factory_test.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/factory_test.go
@@ -706,6 +706,7 @@ func TestOnlyMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		HostMetadata: HostMetadataConfig{
 			Enabled:        true,
 			HostnameSource: HostnameSourceFirstResource,
+			sourceTimeout:  50 * time.Millisecond,
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host.go
index 8818bc99d656..c99e689ac73b 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package hostmetadata // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collecto
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/DataDog/opentelemetry-mapping-go/pkg/otlp/attributes/source"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component"
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ var _ = featuregate.GlobalRegistry().MustRegister(
 	featuregate.WithRegisterToVersion("0.75.0"),
 )
 
-func GetSourceProvider(set component.TelemetrySettings, configHostname string) (source.Provider, error) {
+func GetSourceProvider(set component.TelemetrySettings, configHostname string, timeout time.Duration) (source.Provider, error) {
 	ecs, err := ecs.NewProvider(set)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build ECS Fargate provider: %w", err)
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ func GetSourceProvider(set component.TelemetrySettings, configHostname string) (
 			"system":     system.NewProvider(set.Logger),
 		},
 		[]string{"config", "azure", "ecs", "ec2", "gcp", "kubernetes", "system"},
+		timeout,
 	)
 
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host_test.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host_test.go
index 0ee989751839..f4a45c947124 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host_test.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/host_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package hostmetadata
 import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestHost(t *testing.T) {
-	p, err := GetSourceProvider(componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings(), "test-host")
+	p, err := GetSourceProvider(componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings(), "test-host", 31*time.Second)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	src, err := p.Source(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/internal/ec2/ec2.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/internal/ec2/ec2.go
index 0b53df8fc78b..d0920ecc5856 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/internal/ec2/ec2.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/internal/ec2/ec2.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func isDefaultHostname(hostname string) bool {
 }
 
 // GetHostInfo gets the hostname info from EC2 metadata
-func GetHostInfo(logger *zap.Logger) (hostInfo *HostInfo) {
+func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) (hostInfo *HostInfo) {
 	sess, err := session.NewSession()
 	hostInfo = &HostInfo{}
 
@@ -54,18 +54,18 @@ func GetHostInfo(logger *zap.Logger) (hostInfo *HostInfo) {
 
 	meta := ec2metadata.New(sess)
 
-	if !meta.Available() {
+	if !meta.AvailableWithContext(ctx) {
 		logger.Debug("EC2 Metadata not available")
 		return
 	}
 
-	if idDoc, err := meta.GetInstanceIdentityDocument(); err == nil {
+	if idDoc, err := meta.GetInstanceIdentityDocumentWithContext(ctx); err == nil {
 		hostInfo.InstanceID = idDoc.InstanceID
 	} else {
 		logger.Warn("Failed to get EC2 instance id document", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 
-	if ec2Hostname, err := meta.GetMetadata("hostname"); err == nil {
+	if ec2Hostname, err := meta.GetMetadataWithContext(ctx, "hostname"); err == nil {
 		hostInfo.EC2Hostname = ec2Hostname
 	} else {
 		logger.Warn("Failed to get EC2 hostname", zap.Error(err))
@@ -104,12 +104,12 @@ func NewProvider(logger *zap.Logger) (*Provider, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (p *Provider) fillHostInfo() {
-	p.once.Do(func() { p.hostInfo = *GetHostInfo(p.logger) })
+func (p *Provider) fillHostInfo(ctx context.Context) {
+	p.once.Do(func() { p.hostInfo = *GetHostInfo(ctx, p.logger) })
 }
 
-func (p *Provider) Source(_ context.Context) (source.Source, error) {
-	p.fillHostInfo()
+func (p *Provider) Source(ctx context.Context) (source.Source, error) {
+	p.fillHostInfo(ctx)
 	if p.hostInfo.InstanceID == "" {
 		return source.Source{}, fmt.Errorf("instance ID is unavailable")
 	}
@@ -175,6 +175,6 @@ func (p *Provider) ClusterName(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 }
 
 func (p *Provider) HostInfo() *HostInfo {
-	p.fillHostInfo()
+	p.fillHostInfo(context.Background())
 	return &p.hostInfo
 }
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata.go
index 66299aeddb50..1fcfe2806e2f 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-// Package metadata is responsible for collecting host metadata from different providers
+// Package hostmetadata is responsible for collecting host metadata from different providers
 // such as EC2, ECS, AWS, etc and pushing it to Datadog.
 package hostmetadata // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata"
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func fillHostMetadata(params exporter.Settings, pcfg PusherConfig, p source.Prov
 	hm.Processes = gohai.NewProcessesPayload(hm.Meta.Hostname, params.Logger)
 	// EC2 data was not set from attributes
 	if hm.Meta.EC2Hostname == "" {
-		ec2HostInfo := ec2.GetHostInfo(params.Logger)
+		ec2HostInfo := ec2.GetHostInfo(context.Background(), params.Logger)
 		hm.Meta.EC2Hostname = ec2HostInfo.EC2Hostname
 		hm.Meta.InstanceID = ec2HostInfo.InstanceID
 	}
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata_test.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata_test.go
index ca0644e58cf6..9bba10d60957 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata_test.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/metadata_test.go
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func TestFillHostMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		ConfigTags:     []string{"key1:tag1", "key2:tag2", "env:prod"},
 	}
 
-	hostProvider, err := GetSourceProvider(componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings(), "hostname")
+	hostProvider, err := GetSourceProvider(componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings(), "hostname", 31*time.Second)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	metadata := payload.NewEmpty()
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ func TestPusher(t *testing.T) {
 	params := exportertest.NewNopSettings()
 	params.BuildInfo = mockBuildInfo
 
-	hostProvider, err := GetSourceProvider(componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings(), "source-hostname")
+	hostProvider, err := GetSourceProvider(componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings(), "source-hostname", 31*time.Second)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	attrs := testutil.NewAttributeMap(map[string]string{
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider.go
index c713309cb9bd..20838742f52f 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/DataDog/opentelemetry-mapping-go/pkg/otlp/attributes/source"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ type chainProvider struct {
 	logger       *zap.Logger
 	providers    map[string]source.Provider
 	priorityList []string
+	timeout      time.Duration
 }
 
 func (p *chainProvider) Source(ctx context.Context) (source.Source, error) {
@@ -32,6 +34,16 @@ func (p *chainProvider) Source(ctx context.Context) (source.Source, error) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancel()
 
+	// Make a different context for our provider calls, to differentiate between a provider timing out and the entire
+	// context being cancelled
+	var childCtx context.Context
+	if p.timeout != 0 {
+		childCtx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, p.timeout)
+	} else {
+		childCtx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	}
+	defer cancel()
+
 	// Run all providers in parallel
 	replies := make([]chan reply, len(p.priorityList))
 	for i, source := range p.priorityList {
@@ -39,7 +51,7 @@ func (p *chainProvider) Source(ctx context.Context) (source.Source, error) {
 		replies[i] = make(chan reply)
 		p.logger.Debug("Trying out source provider", zap.String("provider", source))
 		go func(i int) {
-			src, err := provider.Source(ctx)
+			src, err := provider.Source(childCtx)
 			replies[i] <- reply{src: src, err: err}
 		}(i)
 	}
@@ -65,14 +77,14 @@ func (p *chainProvider) Source(ctx context.Context) (source.Source, error) {
 }
 
 // Chain providers into a single provider that returns the first available hostname.
-func Chain(logger *zap.Logger, providers map[string]source.Provider, priorityList []string) (source.Provider, error) {
+func Chain(logger *zap.Logger, providers map[string]source.Provider, priorityList []string, timeout time.Duration) (source.Provider, error) {
 	for _, source := range priorityList {
 		if _, ok := providers[source]; !ok {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q source is not available in providers", source)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return &chainProvider{logger: logger, providers: providers, priorityList: priorityList}, nil
+	return &chainProvider{logger: logger, providers: providers, priorityList: priorityList, timeout: timeout}, nil
 }
 
 var _ source.Provider = (*configProvider)(nil)
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider_test.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider_test.go
index 7e5fdf1afdc9..d3390801fc8a 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider_test.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/internal/hostmetadata/provider/provider_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package provider // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-co
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -38,8 +39,12 @@ type delayedProvider struct {
 }
 
 func (p *delayedProvider) Source(ctx context.Context) (source.Source, error) {
-	time.Sleep(p.delay)
-	return p.provider.Source(ctx)
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return source.Source{}, fmt.Errorf("no source provider was available")
+	case <-time.After(p.delay):
+		return p.provider.Source(ctx)
+	}
 }
 
 func withDelay(provider source.Provider, delay time.Duration) source.Provider {
@@ -56,6 +61,7 @@ func TestChain(t *testing.T) {
 
 		hostname string
 		queryErr string
+		timeout  time.Duration
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "missing provider in priority list",
@@ -78,6 +84,18 @@ func TestChain(t *testing.T) {
 
 			queryErr: "no source provider was available",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "all providers timeout",
+			providers: map[string]source.Provider{
+				"p1": withDelay(HostProvider("p1SourceName"), 100*time.Millisecond),
+				"p2": withDelay(HostProvider("p2SourceName"), 100*time.Millisecond),
+				"p3": withDelay(HostProvider("p3SourceName"), 100*time.Millisecond),
+			},
+			priorityList: []string{"p1", "p2", "p3"},
+
+			queryErr: "no source provider was available",
+			timeout:  10 * time.Millisecond,
+		},
 		{
 			name: "no providers fail",
 			providers: map[string]source.Provider{
@@ -111,11 +129,23 @@ func TestChain(t *testing.T) {
 
 			hostname: "p2SourceName",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "p2 times out",
+			providers: map[string]source.Provider{
+				"p1": ErrorSourceProvider("p1Err"),
+				"p2": withDelay(HostProvider("p2SourceName"), 50*time.Millisecond),
+				"p3": HostProvider("p3SourceName"),
+			},
+			priorityList: []string{"p1", "p2", "p3"},
+
+			hostname: "p3SourceName",
+			timeout:  10 * time.Millisecond,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, testInstance := range tests {
 		t.Run(testInstance.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			provider, err := Chain(zaptest.NewLogger(t), testInstance.providers, testInstance.priorityList)
+			provider, err := Chain(zaptest.NewLogger(t), testInstance.providers, testInstance.priorityList, testInstance.timeout)
 			if err != nil || testInstance.buildErr != "" {
 				assert.EqualError(t, err, testInstance.buildErr)
 				return
diff --git a/exporter/datadogexporter/metrics_exporter_test.go b/exporter/datadogexporter/metrics_exporter_test.go
index 0455ed3bc6a4..3df4efecb6b7 100644
--- a/exporter/datadogexporter/metrics_exporter_test.go
+++ b/exporter/datadogexporter/metrics_exporter_test.go
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ func TestNewExporter(t *testing.T) {
 				CumulativeMonotonicMode: CumulativeMonotonicSumModeToDelta,
 			},
 		},
+		HostMetadata: HostMetadataConfig{
+			sourceTimeout: 50 * time.Millisecond,
+		},
 	}
 	params := exportertest.NewNopSettings()
 	f := NewFactory()