diff --git a/base/Base.jl b/base/Base.jl
index 0ca13265adc4f..46bca3120268d 100644
--- a/base/Base.jl
+++ b/base/Base.jl
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ include("rounding.jl")
 include("div.jl")
 include("rawbigints.jl")
 include("float.jl")
+include("rational_to_float.jl")
 include("twiceprecision.jl")
 include("complex.jl")
 include("rational.jl")
diff --git a/base/docs/basedocs.jl b/base/docs/basedocs.jl
index bc7d001a06f51..e16ba86180af6 100644
--- a/base/docs/basedocs.jl
+++ b/base/docs/basedocs.jl
@@ -2777,6 +2777,25 @@ julia> 4/2
 julia> 4.5/2
 2.25
 ```
+
+This function may convert integer arguments to a floating-point number type
+([`AbstractFloat`](@ref)), potentially resulting in a loss of accuracy. To avoid this,
+instead construct a [`Rational`](@ref) from the arguments, then convert the resulting
+rational number to a specific floating-point type of your choice:
+
+```jldoctest
+julia> n = 100000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+
+julia> m = n + 6
+100000000000000006
+
+julia> n/m
+1.0
+
+julia> Float64(n//m)  # `//` constructs a `Rational`
+0.9999999999999999
+```
 """
 /(x, y)
 
diff --git a/base/mpfr.jl b/base/mpfr.jl
index 276fd430ff1e0..99443bde8ad4b 100644
--- a/base/mpfr.jl
+++ b/base/mpfr.jl
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ import
         isone, big, _string_n, decompose, minmax,
         sinpi, cospi, sincospi, tanpi, sind, cosd, tand, asind, acosd, atand,
         uinttype, exponent_max, exponent_min, ieee754_representation, significand_mask,
-        RawBigIntRoundingIncrementHelper, truncated, RawBigInt
+        RawBigIntRoundingIncrementHelper, truncated, RawBigInt, RationalToFloat,
+        rational_to_floating_point
 
 
 using .Base.Libc
@@ -310,12 +311,51 @@ BigFloat(x::Union{UInt8,UInt16,UInt32}, r::MPFRRoundingMode=ROUNDING_MODE[]; pre
 BigFloat(x::Union{Float16,Float32}, r::MPFRRoundingMode=ROUNDING_MODE[]; precision::Integer=DEFAULT_PRECISION[]) =
     BigFloat(Float64(x), r; precision=precision)
 
-function BigFloat(x::Rational, r::MPFRRoundingMode=ROUNDING_MODE[]; precision::Integer=DEFAULT_PRECISION[])
-    setprecision(BigFloat, precision) do
-        setrounding_raw(BigFloat, r) do
-            BigFloat(numerator(x))::BigFloat / BigFloat(denominator(x))::BigFloat
+function set_2exp!(z::BigFloat, n::BigInt, exp::Int, rm::MPFRRoundingMode)
+    ccall(
+        (:mpfr_set_z_2exp, libmpfr),
+        Int32,
+        (Ref{BigFloat}, Ref{BigInt}, Int, MPFRRoundingMode),
+        z, n, exp, rm,
+    )
+    nothing
+end
+
+function RationalToFloat.to_floating_point_impl(::Type{BigFloat}, ::Type{BigInt}, num, den, romo, prec)
+    num_is_zero = iszero(num)
+    den_is_zero = iszero(den)
+    s = Int8(sign(num))
+    sb = signbit(s)
+    is_zero = num_is_zero & !den_is_zero
+    is_inf = !num_is_zero & den_is_zero
+    is_regular = !num_is_zero & !den_is_zero
+
+    if is_regular
+        let rtfc = RationalToFloat.to_float_components
+            c = rtfc(BigInt, num, den, prec, nothing, romo, sb)
+            ret = BigFloat(precision = prec)
+            mpfr_romo = convert(MPFRRoundingMode, romo)
+            set_2exp!(ret, s * c.integral_significand, Int(c.exponent - prec + true), mpfr_romo)
+            ret
         end
-    end
+    else
+        if is_zero
+            BigFloat(false, MPFRRoundToZero, precision = prec)
+        elseif is_inf
+            BigFloat(s * Inf, MPFRRoundToZero, precision = prec)
+        else
+            BigFloat(precision = prec)
+        end
+    end::BigFloat
+end
+
+function BigFloat(x::Rational, r::RoundingMode; precision::Integer = DEFAULT_PRECISION[])
+    rational_to_floating_point(BigFloat, x, r, precision)
+end
+
+function BigFloat(x::Rational, r::MPFRRoundingMode = ROUNDING_MODE[];
+                  precision::Integer = DEFAULT_PRECISION[])
+    rational_to_floating_point(BigFloat, x, r, precision)
 end
 
 function tryparse(::Type{BigFloat}, s::AbstractString; base::Integer=0, precision::Integer=DEFAULT_PRECISION[], rounding::MPFRRoundingMode=ROUNDING_MODE[])
diff --git a/base/rational.jl b/base/rational.jl
index 1b060384d95b2..29c1c0ce9eae8 100644
--- a/base/rational.jl
+++ b/base/rational.jl
@@ -140,10 +140,18 @@ Bool(x::Rational) = x==0 ? false : x==1 ? true :
 (::Type{T})(x::Rational) where {T<:Integer} = (isinteger(x) ? convert(T, x.num)::T :
     throw(InexactError(nameof(T), T, x)))
 
-AbstractFloat(x::Rational) = (float(x.num)/float(x.den))::AbstractFloat
-function (::Type{T})(x::Rational{S}) where T<:AbstractFloat where S
-    P = promote_type(T,S)
-    convert(T, convert(P,x.num)/convert(P,x.den))::T
+function rational_to_floating_point(::Type{F}, x, rm, prec) where {F}
+    nd = (numerator(x), denominator(x))
+    RationalToFloat.to_floating_point(F, nd..., rm, prec)::F
+end
+
+function (::Type{F})(x::Rational, rm::RoundingMode = RoundNearest) where {F<:AbstractFloat}
+    rational_to_floating_point(F, x, rm, precision(F))::F
+end
+
+function AbstractFloat(x::Q) where {Q<:Rational}
+    T = float(Q)
+    T(x)::T::AbstractFloat
 end
 
 function Rational{T}(x::AbstractFloat) where T<:Integer
diff --git a/base/rational_to_float.jl b/base/rational_to_float.jl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..973c329838355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/rational_to_float.jl
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: https://julialang.org/license
+
+module RationalToFloat
+
+# Performance optimization. Unlike raw `<<` or `>>>`, this is supposed
+# to compile to a single instruction, because the semantics correspond
+# to what hardware usually provides.
+function machine_shift(shift::S, a::T, b) where {S,T<:Base.BitInteger}
+    @inline begin
+        mask = 8*sizeof(T) - 1
+        c = b & mask
+        shift(a, c)
+    end
+end
+
+machine_shift(::S, a::Bool, ::Any) where {S} = error("unsupported")
+
+# Fallback for `BigInt` etc.
+machine_shift(shift::S, a, b) where {S} = shift(a, b)
+
+# Arguments are positive integers.
+function div_significand_with_remainder(num, den, minimum_significand_size)
+    clamped = x -> max(zero(x), x)::typeof(x)
+    bw = Base.top_set_bit  # bit width
+    shift = clamped(minimum_significand_size + bw(den) - bw(num) + 0x2)
+    t = machine_shift(<<, num, shift)
+    (divrem(t, den, RoundToZero)..., shift)
+end
+
+# `divrem(n, 1<<k, RoundToZero)`
+function divrem_2(n, k)
+    quo = machine_shift(>>>, n,   k)
+    tmp = machine_shift(<<,  quo, k)
+    rem = n - tmp
+    (quo, rem)
+end
+
+function to_float_components_impl(num, den, precision, max_subnormal_exp)
+    # `+1` because we need an extra, "round", bit for some rounding modes.
+    #
+    # TODO: as a performance optimization, only do this when required
+    #       by the rounding mode
+    prec_p_1 = precision + true
+
+    (quo0, rem0, shift) = div_significand_with_remainder(num, den, prec_p_1)
+    width = Base.top_set_bit(quo0)
+    excess_width = width - prec_p_1
+    exp = width - shift - true
+
+    exp_underflow = if isnothing(max_subnormal_exp)
+        zero(exp)
+    else
+        let d = max_subnormal_exp - exp, T = typeof(d), z = zero(d)::T
+            (signbit(d) ? z : d + true)::T
+        end
+    end
+
+    (quo1, rem1) = divrem_2(quo0, exp_underflow + excess_width)
+    integral_significand = quo1 >>> true
+    round_bit = quo1 % Bool
+    sticky_bit = !iszero(rem1) | !iszero(rem0)
+
+    (; integral_significand, exponent = exp, round_bit, sticky_bit)
+end
+
+struct RoundingIncrementHelper
+    final_bit::Bool
+    round_bit::Bool
+    sticky_bit::Bool
+end
+
+(h::RoundingIncrementHelper)(::Base.Rounding.FinalBit) = h.final_bit
+(h::RoundingIncrementHelper)(::Base.Rounding.RoundBit) = h.round_bit
+(h::RoundingIncrementHelper)(::Base.Rounding.StickyBit) = h.sticky_bit
+
+function to_float_components_rounded(num, den, precision, max_subnormal_exp, romo, sign_bit)
+    overflows = (x, p) -> x == machine_shift(<<, one(x), p)
+    t = to_float_components_impl(num, den, precision, max_subnormal_exp)
+    raw_significand = t.integral_significand
+    rh = RoundingIncrementHelper(raw_significand % Bool, t.round_bit, t.sticky_bit)
+    incr = Base.Rounding.correct_rounding_requires_increment(rh, romo, sign_bit)
+    rounded = raw_significand + incr
+    (integral_significand, exponent) = let exp = t.exponent
+        if overflows(rounded, precision)
+            (rounded >>> true, exp + true)
+        else
+            (rounded, exp)
+        end
+    end
+    (; integral_significand, exponent)
+end
+
+function to_float_components(::Type{T}, num, den, precision, max_subnormal_exp, romo, sb) where {T}
+    to_float_components_rounded(abs(T(num)), den, precision, max_subnormal_exp, romo, sb)
+end
+
+function to_floating_point_fallback(::Type{T}, ::Type{S}, num, den, rm, prec) where {T,S}
+    num_is_zero = iszero(num)
+    den_is_zero = iszero(den)
+    sb = signbit(num)
+    is_zero = num_is_zero & !den_is_zero
+    is_inf = !num_is_zero & den_is_zero
+    is_regular = !num_is_zero & !den_is_zero
+    if is_regular
+        let
+            c = to_float_components(S, num, den, prec, nothing, rm, sb)
+            signif = T(c.integral_significand)::T
+            x = ldexp(signif, c.exponent - prec + true)::T
+            sb ? -x : x
+        end::T
+    else
+        if is_zero
+            zero(T)::T
+        elseif is_inf
+            T(Inf)::T
+        else
+            T(NaN)::T
+        end
+    end::T
+end
+
+function to_floating_point_impl(::Type{T}, ::Type{S}, num, den, rm, prec) where {T,S}
+    to_floating_point_fallback(T, S, num, den, rm, prec)
+end
+
+function to_floating_point_impl(::Type{T}, ::Type{S}, num, den, rm, prec) where {T<:Base.IEEEFloat,S}
+    num_is_zero = iszero(num)
+    den_is_zero = iszero(den)
+    sb = signbit(num)
+    is_zero = num_is_zero & !den_is_zero
+    is_inf = !num_is_zero & den_is_zero
+    is_regular = !num_is_zero & !den_is_zero
+    Rnd = Base.Rounding
+    (rm_is_to_zero, rm_is_from_zero) = if Rnd.rounds_to_nearest(rm)
+        (false, false)
+    else
+        let from = Rnd.rounds_away_from_zero(rm, sb)
+            (!from, from)
+        end
+    end::NTuple{2,Bool}
+    exp_max = Base.exponent_max(T)
+    exp_min = Base.exponent_min(T)
+    ieee_repr = Base.ieee754_representation
+    repr_zero = ieee_repr(T, sb, Val(:zero))
+    repr_inf  = ieee_repr(T, sb, Val(:inf))
+    repr_nan  = ieee_repr(T, sb, Val(:nan))
+    U = typeof(repr_zero)
+    repr_zero::U
+    repr_inf::U
+    repr_nan::U
+
+    ret_u = if is_regular
+        let
+            c = to_float_components(S, num, den, prec, exp_min - 1, rm, sb)
+            exp = c.exponent
+            exp_diff = exp - exp_min
+            is_normal = 0 ≤ exp_diff
+            exp_is_huge_p = exp_max < exp
+            exp_is_huge_n = signbit(exp_diff + prec)
+            rounds_to_inf  = exp_is_huge_p & !rm_is_to_zero
+            rounds_to_zero = exp_is_huge_n & !rm_is_from_zero
+
+            if !rounds_to_zero & !exp_is_huge_p
+                let signif = (c.integral_significand % U) & Base.significand_mask(T)
+                    exp_field = (max(exp_diff, zero(exp_diff)) + is_normal) % U
+                    ieee_repr(T, sb, exp_field, signif)::U
+                end
+            elseif rounds_to_zero
+                repr_zero
+            elseif rounds_to_inf
+                repr_inf
+            else
+                ieee_repr(T, sb, Val(:omega))
+            end
+        end
+    else
+        if is_zero
+            repr_zero
+        elseif is_inf
+            repr_inf
+        else
+            repr_nan
+        end
+    end::U
+
+    reinterpret(T, ret_u)::T
+end
+
+# `BigInt` is a safe default.
+to_float_promote_type(::Type{F}, ::Type{S}) where {F,S} = BigInt
+
+const BitIntegerOrBool  = Union{Bool,Base.BitInteger}
+
+# As an optimization, use an integer type narrower than `BigInt` when possible.
+function to_float_promote_type(::Type{F}, ::Type{S}) where {F<:Base.IEEEFloat,S<:BitIntegerOrBool}
+    Max = if sizeof(F) ≤ sizeof(S)
+        S
+    else
+        (S <: Signed) ? Base.inttype(F) : Base.uinttype(F)
+    end
+    widen(Max)
+end
+
+function to_floating_point(::Type{F}, num::T, den::T, rm, prec) where {F,T}
+    S = to_float_promote_type(F, T)
+    to_floating_point_impl(F, S, num, den, rm, prec)
+end
+
+end
diff --git a/test/choosetests.jl b/test/choosetests.jl
index beed4e15a58df..e04eaec411ad2 100644
--- a/test/choosetests.jl
+++ b/test/choosetests.jl
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ const TESTNAMES = [
         "char", "strings", "triplequote", "unicode", "intrinsics",
         "dict", "hashing", "iobuffer", "staged", "offsetarray",
         "arrayops", "tuple", "reduce", "reducedim", "abstractarray",
-        "intfuncs", "simdloop", "vecelement", "rational",
+        "intfuncs", "simdloop", "vecelement", "rational", "rational_to_float",
         "bitarray", "copy", "math", "fastmath", "functional", "iterators",
         "operators", "ordering", "path", "ccall", "parse", "loading", "gmp",
         "sorting", "spawn", "backtrace", "exceptions",
diff --git a/test/rational.jl b/test/rational.jl
index 118f2e6289228..3f56eca68a728 100644
--- a/test/rational.jl
+++ b/test/rational.jl
@@ -745,3 +745,336 @@ end
     @test rationalize(Int64, nextfloat(0.1) * im; tol=0) == precise_next * im
     @test rationalize(0.1im; tol=eps(0.1)) == rationalize(0.1im)
 end
+
+function naive_rational_to_bigfloat(x)
+    f = let x = x
+        () -> BigFloat(numerator(x))/denominator(x)
+    end
+    setprecision(f, BigFloat, 1024)
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive_impl(::Type{F}, q, rm) where {F}
+    no_alloc_rat = let
+        f(::Rational{Bool}) = true
+        function f(x)
+            if (sizeof(Int) < 8) && (8 < sizeof(x))
+                # `div(::Int128, ::Int128)` is implemented via `BigInt`on 32-bit Julia
+                false
+            else
+                isbits(widen(x))
+            end
+        end
+        f
+    end
+    want_no_alloc = no_alloc_rat(q) && isbitstype(widen(F))
+    want_no_alloc && @test iszero(@allocated F(q, rm))
+    @test F(naive_rational_to_bigfloat(q), rm) == @inferred F(q, rm)
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive_impl(::Type{BigFloat}, q, rm, prec)
+    reference = BigFloat(naive_rational_to_bigfloat(q), rm, precision = prec)
+    @test precision(reference) == prec
+    t = let reference = reference, prec = prec
+        function(res)
+            @test res == reference
+            @test precision(res) == prec
+        end
+    end
+
+    t(BigFloat(q, rm, precision = prec))
+
+    let
+        res = setprecision(BigFloat, prec) do
+            BigFloat(q, rm)
+        end
+        t(res)
+    end
+
+    let
+        if rm isa RoundingMode
+            res = setrounding(BigFloat, rm) do
+                BigFloat(q, precision = prec)
+            end
+            t(res)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive_impl(::Type{BigFloat}, q, rm)
+    for prec ∈ vcat(Base.OneTo(5), 256, 512)
+        test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive_impl(BigFloat, q, rm, prec)
+    end
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive_impl(::Type{F}, q) where {F}
+    M = Base.MPFR
+    mpfr_rms = (
+        M.MPFRRoundDown, M.MPFRRoundUp, M.MPFRRoundFromZero,
+        M.MPFRRoundToZero, M.MPFRRoundNearest
+    )
+    rms = (
+        RoundDown, RoundFromZero, RoundNearest, RoundToZero, RoundUp,
+        # XXX: these could be tested, but would require more effort to
+        #      test, as MPFR doesn't support them:
+        #
+        # ```julia
+        # RoundNearestTiesAway, RoundNearestTiesUp,
+        # ```
+        ((F <: BigFloat) ? mpfr_rms : ())...
+    )
+    for rm ∈ rms
+        test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive_impl(F, q, rm)
+    end
+end
+
+function min_no_promotion_impl(isless::F, a::T, b) where {F, T}
+    if isless(b, a)
+        T(b)::T
+    else
+        a
+    end
+end
+min_no_promotion(a::T, b) where {T} = min_no_promotion_impl(isless, a, b)
+max_no_promotion(a::T, b) where {T} = min_no_promotion_impl(((l, r) -> isless(r, l)), a, b)
+
+safe_typemin(::Type{T}) where {T} = typemin(T)::T
+safe_typemax(::Type{T}) where {T} = typemax(T)::T
+
+safe_typemin(::Type{BigInt}) = -safe_typemax(BigInt) - 1
+safe_typemax(::Type{BigInt}) = (one(BigInt) << 511) - 1
+
+function test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive(::Type{F}, ::Type{T}) where {F,T}
+    range_typemin = function(x)
+        l = safe_typemin(T)
+        u = safe_typemax(T)
+        b = min_no_promotion(u, l + x)
+        l:b
+    end
+
+    range_typemax = function(x)
+        l = safe_typemin(T)
+        u = safe_typemax(T)
+        a = max_no_promotion(l, u - x)
+        a:u
+    end
+
+    range_zero = function(x)
+        l = safe_typemin(T)
+        u = safe_typemax(T)
+        a = max_no_promotion(l, -x)
+        b = min_no_promotion(u,  x)
+        a:b
+    end
+
+    k = 20
+    nums = Vector{T}()
+    dens = Vector{T}()
+
+    append!(nums, range_typemin(k))
+
+    for x ∈ range_zero(k)
+        push!(nums, x)
+        (0 < x) && push!(dens, x)
+    end
+
+    for x ∈ range_typemax(k)
+        push!(nums, x)
+        (0 < x) && push!(dens, x)
+    end
+
+    sort!(nums)
+    sort!(dens)
+    unique!(nums)
+    unique!(dens)
+
+    for num ∈ nums
+        for den ∈ dens
+            # XXX: shift `n` and `d` to vary the FP exponent more
+            test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive_impl(F, num//den)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_ldexp_fallback(::Type{F}, ::Type{T}) where {F,T}
+    l = max_no_promotion(safe_typemin(T), -5)
+    u = min_no_promotion(safe_typemax(T),  5)
+    prec = precision(F)
+    rm = RoundNearest
+    rtfp = Base.RationalToFloat.to_floating_point_fallback
+    for num ∈ l:u
+        for den ∈ true:u
+            @test F(num//den) == rtfp(F, BigInt, num, den, rm, prec)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_correctly_rounded_up_down(x, f, ::Val{:down})
+    @test f ≤ x < nextfloat(f)
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_correctly_rounded_up_down(x, f, ::Val{:up})
+    @test prevfloat(f) < x ≤ f
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_simplest_rms_up_down(::Type{F}, ::Type{T}, rm, sb, ::V) where {F,T,V<:Val}
+    range_typemax = function(x)
+        l = one(T)::T
+        u = safe_typemax(T)
+        a = max_no_promotion(l, u - x)
+        a:u
+    end
+
+    range_zero = function(x)
+        u = safe_typemax(T)
+        b = min_no_promotion(u, x)
+        true:b
+    end
+
+    k = 20
+    nds = Vector{T}()
+    append!(nds, range_zero(k))
+    append!(nds, range_typemax(k))
+    sort!(nds)
+    unique!(nds)
+
+    for num ∈ nds
+        for den ∈ nds
+            x_pos = num // den
+            x = sb ? -x_pos : x_pos
+            f = F(x, rm)
+            test_rational_to_float_correctly_rounded_up_down(x, f, V())
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function test_rational_to_float_simplest_rms(::Type{F}, ::Type{T}) where {F,T}
+    M = Base.MPFR
+    rms_up   = (RoundUp,       ((F <: BigFloat) ? (M.MPFRRoundUp,)       : ())...)
+    rms_down = (RoundDown,     ((F <: BigFloat) ? (M.MPFRRoundDown,)     : ())...)
+    rms_fz   = (RoundFromZero, ((F <: BigFloat) ? (M.MPFRRoundFromZero,) : ())...)
+    rms_tz   = (RoundToZero,   ((F <: BigFloat) ? (M.MPFRRoundToZero,)   : ())...)
+
+    if T <: Signed
+        @testset "negatives" begin
+            @testset "round down" begin
+                for rm ∈ (rms_fz..., rms_down...)
+                    test_rational_to_float_simplest_rms_up_down(F, T, rm, true, Val(:down))
+                end
+            end
+            @testset "round up" begin
+                for rm ∈ (rms_tz..., rms_up...)
+                    test_rational_to_float_simplest_rms_up_down(F, T, rm, true, Val(:up))
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    @testset "positives" begin
+        @testset "round down" begin
+            for rm ∈ (rms_tz..., rms_down...)
+                test_rational_to_float_simplest_rms_up_down(F, T, rm, false, Val(:down))
+            end
+        end
+        @testset "round up" begin
+            for rm ∈ (rms_fz..., rms_up...)
+                test_rational_to_float_simplest_rms_up_down(F, T, rm, false, Val(:up))
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+struct AbstractFloatFallback <: AbstractFloat
+    x::Float32
+    AbstractFloatFallback(x::Float32) = new(x)
+end
+AbstractFloatFallback(n::Integer) = AbstractFloatFallback(Float32(n))
+Base.precision(::Type{AbstractFloatFallback}) = 10
+Base.ldexp(x::AbstractFloatFallback, n::Integer) = AbstractFloatFallback(ldexp(x.x, n))
+Base.:-(x::AbstractFloatFallback) = AbstractFloatFallback(-x.x)
+
+struct IntegerFallback <: Integer
+    n::Int
+    IntegerFallback(n::Int) = new(n)
+end
+Base.signbit(n::IntegerFallback) = signbit(n.n)
+Base.BigInt(n::IntegerFallback) = BigInt(n.n)
+Base.oneunit(n::IntegerFallback) = IntegerFallback(oneunit(n.n))
+Base.:+(l::IntegerFallback, r::IntegerFallback) = IntegerFallback(l.n + r.n)
+Base.log2(n::IntegerFallback) = log2(n.n)
+
+@testset "rational number to floating-point number" begin
+    @testset "defined for unknown types" begin
+        Floats = (Float16, AbstractFloatFallback)
+        rationals = (3//1, Base.unsafe_rational(IntegerFallback(3), IntegerFallback(1)))
+        @testset "F: $F" for F ∈ Floats
+            @testset "q: $q" for q ∈ rationals
+                if F <: AbstractFloatFallback
+                    @test F(q).x == 3
+                else
+                    @test F(q) == 3
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    Us = (UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, UInt128)
+    Ss = (Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, Int128)
+    Ts = (Bool, Us..., Ss..., BigInt)
+    Fs = (Float16, Float32, Float64, BigFloat)
+
+    @testset "`Rational` parameterized by `Union`" begin
+        @testset "F: $F" for F ∈ Fs
+            @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+                Q = Rational{Union{Bool,T}}
+                o = one(T)
+                @test isone(F(Q(o,    o)))
+                @test isone(F(Q(o,    true)))
+                @test isone(F(Q(true, o)))
+                @test isone(F(Q(true, true)))
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    @testset "defined method with default rounding mode" begin
+        @testset "F: $F" for F ∈ Fs
+            @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+                @test isone(F(one(Rational{T})))
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    @testset "the simplest rounding modes; up, down" begin
+        @testset "F: $F" for F ∈ Fs
+            @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+                test_rational_to_float_simplest_rms(F, T)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    @testset "with naive conversion via `BigFloat`" begin
+        @testset "F: $F" for F ∈ Fs
+            @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+                test_rational_to_float_systematic_with_naive(F, T)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    @testset "`ldexp`-based fallback" begin
+        @testset "F: $F" for F ∈ Fs
+            @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+                test_rational_to_float_ldexp_fallback(F, T)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    @testset "special" begin
+        @test Float16(9//70000) === Float16(0.0001286)
+        @test Float32(16777216//16777217) < 1
+        @test float(-9223372036854775808//9223372036854775807) == -1
+
+        # issue #52394
+        @test Float16(10^8 // (10^9 + 1)) === convert(Float16, 10^8 // (10^9 + 1)) === Float16(0.1)
+        @test Float16((typemax(UInt128)-0x01) // typemax(UInt128)) === Float16(1.0)
+        @test Float32((typemax(UInt128)-0x01) // typemax(UInt128)) === Float32(1.0)
+    end
+end
diff --git a/test/rational_to_float.jl b/test/rational_to_float.jl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c8fcda8abfd2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rational_to_float.jl
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: https://julialang.org/license
+
+using Test
+
+function div_significand_with_remainder_naive(num, den, minimum_significand_size)
+    dr = let den = den
+        n -> divrem(n, den, RoundToZero)
+    end
+
+    shift = 0
+    (quo, rem) = dr(num << shift)
+
+    # bit width
+    bw = Base.top_set_bit
+
+    while bw(quo) < minimum_significand_size
+        shift += true
+        (quo, rem) = dr(num << shift)
+    end
+
+    # suboptimal but allowed results
+    (q1, r1) = dr(num << (shift + 1))
+    (q2, r2) = dr(num << (shift + 2))
+    (q3, r3) = dr(num << (shift + 3))
+
+    (
+        (quo, rem, shift),  # optimal result
+        (q1, r1, shift + 1),
+        (q2, r2, shift + 2),
+        (q3, r3, shift + 3)
+    )
+end
+
+function test_div_significand_with_remainder(n, d, mss)
+    (0 < n)   || error("unsupported")
+    (0 < d)   || error("unsupported")
+    (0 < mss) || error("unsupported")
+    bw = Base.top_set_bit
+    wid = x -> widen(widen(x))
+    t = let n = wid(n), d = wid(d)
+        function(q_narrow, r_narrow, sh)
+            q = wid(q_narrow)
+            r = wid(r_narrow)
+            @test q + r/d ≈ n*(2.0^sh)/d
+            @test floor(Int, log2(abs(q))) == exponent(q) == bw(q) - 1 == sh + exponent(n/d)
+        end
+    end
+    dswr = Base.RationalToFloat.div_significand_with_remainder
+    a = @inferred dswr(n, d, mss)
+    (a0, a1, a2, a3) = div_significand_with_remainder_naive(n, d, mss)
+    @test a ∈ (a0, a1, a2, a3)
+    t(a...)
+    t(a0...)
+    t(a1...)
+    t(a2...)
+    t(a3...)
+    nothing
+end
+
+function test_div_significand_with_remainder_iters(::Type{T}, nds, msss) where {T}
+    @testset "mss: $mss" for mss ∈ msss
+        @testset "num: $num" for num ∈ nds
+            @testset "den: $den" for den ∈ nds
+                # XXX: shift `n` and `d` to vary the FP exponent more
+                n = T(num)::T
+                d = T(den)::T
+                test_div_significand_with_remainder(widen(n), d, mss)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+max_mss_for_type(::Type{T}) where {T<:Unsigned} = sizeof(T)*8 - 3
+max_mss_for_type(::Type{T}) where {T<:Signed}   = sizeof(T)*8 - 4
+max_mss_for_type(::Type{BigInt}) = 200  # just a big value
+
+max_nd_for_type(::Type{T}) where {T} = typemax(T)
+max_nd_for_type(::Type{BigInt}) = BigInt(100000)  # just a big value
+
+function min_no_promotion_impl(isless::F, a::T, b) where {F, T}
+    if isless(b, a)
+        T(b)::T
+    else
+        a
+    end
+end
+min_no_promotion(a::T, b) where {T} = min_no_promotion_impl(isless, a, b)
+max_no_promotion(a::T, b) where {T} = min_no_promotion_impl(((l, r) -> isless(r, l)), a, b)
+
+function test_div_significand_with_remainder_iters(::Type{T}) where {T}
+    range_typemax = function(x)
+        l = one(T)::T
+        u = max_nd_for_type(T)::T
+        a = max_no_promotion(l, u - x)
+        a:u
+    end
+
+    range_zero = function(x)
+        u = max_nd_for_type(T)::T
+        b = min_no_promotion(u, x)
+        Base.OneTo(b)
+    end
+
+    k = 30
+    nds = Vector{T}()
+    append!(nds, range_zero(k))
+    append!(nds, range_typemax(k))
+    sort!(nds)
+    unique!(nds)
+
+    msss = Vector{Int}()
+    max_mss = max_mss_for_type(T)
+    append!(msss, intersect(Base.OneTo(6), Base.OneTo(max_mss)))
+    push!(msss, max_mss)
+    sort!(msss)
+    unique!(msss)
+
+    test_div_significand_with_remainder_iters(T, nds, msss)
+end
+
+function test_divrem_2(::Type{T}) where {T}
+    dr = Base.RationalToFloat.divrem_2
+    @testset "n: $n" for n ∈ false:T(typemax(Int8))
+        @testset "k: $k" for k ∈ 0:6
+            @test dr(n, k) == divrem(n, 1 << k, RoundToZero)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function test_machine_shift(shift::S, ::Type{T}) where {S,T}
+    @testset "k: $k" for k ∈ 0:(sizeof(T)*8 - 1)
+        ms = Base.RationalToFloat.machine_shift
+        o = one(T)
+        @test ms(shift, o, k) == shift(o, k)
+    end
+end
+
+const Us = (UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, UInt128)
+const Ss = (Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, Int128)
+const Ts = (Us..., Ss..., BigInt)
+
+@testset "machine_shift" begin
+    @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+        @testset "shift: $shift" for shift ∈ (<<, >>>)
+            test_machine_shift(shift, T)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+@testset "divrem_2" begin
+    @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+        test_divrem_2(T)
+    end
+end
+
+@testset "div_significand_with_remainder" begin
+    @testset "T: $T" for T ∈ Ts
+        test_div_significand_with_remainder_iters(T)
+    end
+end