diff --git a/src/node_modules.cc b/src/node_modules.cc
index 3bedd2dfecb49c..721b5e1e4b457d 100644
--- a/src/node_modules.cc
+++ b/src/node_modules.cc
@@ -436,10 +436,13 @@ void BindingData::GetPackageScopeConfig(
 }
 
 void EnableCompileCache(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
-  CHECK(args[0]->IsString());
   Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
   Local<Context> context = isolate->GetCurrentContext();
   Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(context);
+  if (!args[0]->IsString()) {
+    THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(env, "cacheDir should be a string");
+    return;
+  }
   Utf8Value value(isolate, args[0]);
   CompileCacheEnableResult result = env->EnableCompileCache(*value);
   std::vector<Local<Value>> values = {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-compile-cache-api-error.js b/test/parallel/test-compile-cache-api-error.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..580c8f756a0f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-compile-cache-api-error.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// This tests module.enableCompileCache() throws when an invalid argument is passed.
+
+require('../common');
+const { enableCompileCache } = require('module');
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+for (const invalid of [0, null, false, () => {}, {}, []]) {
+  assert.throws(() => enableCompileCache(invalid), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE' });
+}