diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
index b7fc3f9b2a1ea5..2fd6e608f2761a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
@@ -854,9 +854,10 @@ Module._load = function(request, parent, isMain) {
 };
 
 Module._resolveFilename = function(request, parent, isMain, options) {
-  if (StringPrototypeStartsWith(request, 'node:') ||
+  if ((StringPrototypeStartsWith(request, 'node:') &&
+      NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(StringPrototypeSlice(request, 5)) ||
       (NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(request) &&
-      NativeModule.canBeRequiredWithoutScheme(request))) {
+      NativeModule.canBeRequiredWithoutScheme(request)))) {
     return request;
   }
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-require-resolve.js b/test/parallel/test-require-resolve.js
index e7125e39faf7c3..657b704afaf620 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-require-resolve.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-require-resolve.js
@@ -80,3 +80,18 @@ require(fixtures.path('resolve-paths', 'default', 'verify-paths.js'));
     assert.strictEqual(resolvedPaths.includes('/node_modules'), false);
   });
 }
+
+// For direct use of require expressions inside of CJS modules,
+// all kinds of specifiers should work without issue.
+{
+  assert.strictEqual(require.resolve('node:test'), 'node:test');
+  assert.strictEqual(require.resolve('node:fs'), 'node:fs');
+
+  assert.throws(
+    () => require.resolve('node:unknown'),
+    {
+      code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
+      message: /^Cannot find module 'node:unknown'/,
+    },
+  );
+}