-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 1
/
open-source.html
497 lines (493 loc) · 21.1 KB
/
open-source.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" ;="" charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Open Source</title>
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100i,300,400,500,700"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<link
href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet"
integrity="sha384-GLhlTQ8iRABdZLl6O3oVMWSktQOp6b7In1Zl3/Jr59b6EGGoI1aFkw7cmDA6j6gD"
crossorigin="anonymous"
/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="anniv.css" />
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar bg-body-tertiary">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="https://anniv.co">
<img
src="./img/anniv.png"
alt="Logo"
width="30"
height="26"
class="d-inline-block align-text-top"
/>
Open Anniversary
</a>
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-row flex-wrap ms-md-auto">
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a
class="nav-link py-2 px-0 px-lg-2"
href="https://github.com/nickvidal/anniv"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
>
<svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="16"
height="16"
class="navbar-nav-svg"
viewBox="0 0 512 499.36"
role="img"
>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path
fill="currentColor"
fill-rule="evenodd"
d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"
></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a
class="nav-link py-2 px-0 px-lg-2"
href="https://opencollective.com/anniv"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
>
<svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="16"
height="16"
fill="currentColor"
fill-rule="evenodd"
class="navbar-nav-svg"
viewBox="0 0 40 41"
role="img"
>
<title>Open Collective</title>
<path
fill-opacity=".4"
d="M32.8 21c0 2.4-.8 4.9-2 6.9l5.1 5.1c2.5-3.4 4.1-7.6 4.1-12 0-4.6-1.6-8.8-4-12.2L30.7 14c1.2 2 2 4.3 2 7z"
></path>
<path
d="M20 33.7a12.8 12.8 0 0 1 0-25.6c2.6 0 5 .7 7 2.1L32 5a20 20 0 1 0 .1 31.9l-5-5.2a13 13 0 0 1-7 2z"
></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<header>
<div class="container text-center">
<h1>Open Source</h1>
</div>
</header>
<section>
<div class="timeline container" id="timeline">
<div class="timeline-item animate">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>The Cathedral and the Bazaar</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1997-05-27T12:00:00Z"
>27 May, 1997</time
>
<p>
Eric S. Raymond published "The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings
on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary,"
initially as an essay at the Linux Kongress on May 27, 1997 in
Würzburg (Germany), and later as a book on September 30, 1999. It
described key differences between traditional development models
and the decentralized model typical of open source, based on his
observations of the Linux kernel development process and his
experiences managing an open source project, fetchmail.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="The Cathedral and the Bazaar"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="ead5532e-9416-4d27-b484-a4a00f1326da"
src="./img/Cathedral-and-the-Bazaar.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="199"
height="308"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Netscape Open Sourced</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1998-01-22T12:00:00Z"
>22 January, 1998</time
>
<p>
In January 1998, Netscape Communications Corporation released the
code for Netscape Communicator as open source, influenced by the
Eric S. Raymond's essay "The Cathedral and the Bazaar," in the
hopes that it would become a popular open- source project.
Netscape placed the code under the Netscape Public License, which
was similar to the GNU General Public License, and started the
Mozilla project to coordinate its development.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Mozilla Mascot"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="06121408-240d-4b02-bfb4-82014d9e6157"
src="./img/mozilla_mascot.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="292"
height="340"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Open Source Label</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1998-02-03T12:00:00Z"
>3 February, 1998</time
>
<p>
The "open source" label was created by Christine Peterson at a
strategy session held on February 3rd, 1998 in Palo Alto,
California, shortly after the announcement of the release of the
Netscape source code. This group looked for a way to re-brand the
free software movement to emphasize the business potential of the
sharing of source code. Two of those present at the Palo Alto
meeting (Eric Raymond and Michael Tiemann) would later serve as
presidents of the OSI, and other attendees (including Todd
Andersen, Jon “maddog” Hall, Larry Augustin, and Sam Ockman)
became key early supporters of the organization.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Christine Peterson"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="90538a6e-6025-48fa-a200-f04f1d24686b"
src="./img/christine_peterson.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="299"
height="301"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Open Source Initiative</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1998-02-20T12:00:00Z"
>20 February, 1998</time
>
<p>
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) was founded in late February 1998
by Eric Raymond and Bruce Perens. The OSI hoped that the use of
the label "open source" would eliminate ambiguity, particularly
for individuals who perceive "free software" as anti-commercial.
They sought to bring a higher profile to the practical benefits of
freely available source code, and they wanted to bring major
software businesses and other high-tech industries into open
source. OSI was formed as an educational, advocacy, and
stewardship nonprofit organization.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Open Source Initiative"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="a4b6831a-c2e2-487f-934d-ae762f83bf6d"
src="./img/osi.png"
class="align-center"
width="200"
height="240"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Open Source Definition</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1998-02-21T12:00:00Z"
>21 February, 1998</time
>
<p>
One of the first tasks undertaken by OSI was to draft the Open
Source Definition (OSD), and use it to begin creating a list of
OSI-approved licenses.
</p>
<p>
The Open Source Definition was originally derived from the Debian
Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). Bruce Perens had composed the
original draft of the DFSG, and it was edited, refined, and
approved as formal policy by the Debian developer community in
1997.
</p>
<p>
The Open Source Definition was then created during the launch of
the OSI in February 1998 by revising the DFSG and removing
Debian-specific references.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Bruce Perens"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="bc09023c-45f8-49c2-8a4c-43e17b5f37e7"
src="./img/bruce_perens.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="613"
height="532"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Open Source Summit</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1998-04-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 April, 1998</time
>
<p>
The "open source" term was given a big boost at an event organized
in April 1998 by technology publisher Tim O'Reilly. Originally
titled the "Freeware Summit" and later named the "Open Source
Summit", the event brought together the leaders of many of the
most important free and open-source projects, including Linus
Torvalds (Linux), Larry Wall (Perl), Brian Behlendorf (Apache),
Eric Allman (Sendmail), Guido van Rossum (Python), Phil
Zimmerman(Pretty Good Privacy), Michael Tiemann (Cygnus
Solutions), Paul Vixie (Bind), Jamie Zawinski (Netscape), and Eric
Raymond (Fetchmail).
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Tim O'Reilly"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="625fc774-93b9-47cb-a666-4796557143e2"
src="./img/tim_oreilly.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="220"
height="271"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Halloween Documents</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1998-08-03T12:00:00Z"
>3 August, 1998</time
>
<p>
As free and open software became more popular, industry incumbents
such as Microsoft started to see it as a serious threat. This was
shown in a leaked 1998 document by Eric S. Raymond, confirmed by
Microsoft as genuine, which came to be called the first of the
Halloween Documents. These documents acknowledged that free
software products such as Linux were technologically competitive
with some of Microsoft's products, and set out a strategy to
combat them. It revealed that "FUD" (spreading Fear, Uncertainty,
and Doubt) was a traditional Microsoft marketing strategy,
acknowledged and understood internally. The document then suggests
that this can be stopped by "extending these protocols and
developing new protocols" and "de-commoditizing protocols
& applications". This policy has been internally nicknamed
"embrace, extend, extinguish". The document describes, among other
points, Microsoft's channeling of $86 million to SCO.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Eric S. Raymond"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="2b4a169c-725e-40d2-8860-4726e53f6990"
src="./img/esr.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="220"
height="329"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>OSI License Lists</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1999-04-14T12:00:00Z"
>14 April, 1999</time
>
<p>
OSI established the "License Discuss" and "License Review" mailing
lists to discuss open source licenses, update existing licenses,
and review new licenses submitted for certification.
</p>
<p>
Today these lists still exist, supporting the OSI License Review
Process, with the goal of ensuring that licenses and software
labeled as "open source" conforms to existing community norms and
expectations. For that reason, all licenses submitted to the OSI
for certification as must go through a public review process. The
OSI Board consults with entities in advance to help them navigate
the process and improve their license.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>OSI Keyhole & Mark</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1999-06-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 June, 1999</time
>
<p>
In November of 1998, the OSI held a contest for "a logo which
can be used to promote the concept of Open Source, and to indicate
support of the Open Source movement." By June of 1999, the OSI
selected the now iconic "Keyhole Logo" by Colin Viebrock.
</p>
<p>
Because the community also needed a reliable way of knowing
whether a piece of software really is open source, the OSI
registered a certification mark, "OSI Certified." When this mark
is included with software, users can be assured the software
carries a license that conforms to the Open Source Definition.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Colin Viebrock"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="1a459e63-1ac3-4d25-81ac-4b21bc0b8dda"
src="./img/colin_viebrock.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="200"
height="200"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>License Proliferation</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2005-06-06T12:00:00Z"
>6 June, 2005</time
>
<p>
The OSI tackles license proliferation to help developers choose an
appropriate license for their project and make it easier for them
to understand what they are agreeing to in a multi-license
distribution. The OSI recommends licenses that are popular and
widely used or with strong communities. Examples of popular
licences include Apache, BSD, GPL, and MIT.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Fauxpen Source</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2018-02-03T12:00:00Z"
>3 February, 2018</time
>
<p>
In 2018, while the OSI was on its 20th Anniversary World Tour,
some faux open source licenses started emerging, most
notably the Commons Clause and the Server Side Public
License. OSI and its partners, with the support from the open
source community, were able to successfully organize over 100
activities across 40 events worldwide to celebrate its
anniversary and defend the open source definition. At the end
of the tour, several OSI affiliates signed the Affirmation of the
Open Source Definition.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<nav class="navbar bg-body-tertiary">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="https://anniv.co">
<img
src="./img/anniv.png"
alt="Logo"
width="30"
height="26"
class="d-inline-block align-text-top"
/>
Open Anniversary
</a>
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-row flex-wrap ms-md-auto">
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a
class="nav-link py-2 px-0 px-lg-2"
href="https://github.com/nickvidal/anniv"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
>
<svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="16"
height="16"
class="navbar-nav-svg"
viewBox="0 0 512 499.36"
role="img"
>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path
fill="currentColor"
fill-rule="evenodd"
d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"
></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a
class="nav-link py-2 px-0 px-lg-2"
href="https://opencollective.com/anniv"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
>
<svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="16"
height="16"
fill="currentColor"
fill-rule="evenodd"
class="navbar-nav-svg"
viewBox="0 0 40 41"
role="img"
>
<title>Open Collective</title>
<path
fill-opacity=".4"
d="M32.8 21c0 2.4-.8 4.9-2 6.9l5.1 5.1c2.5-3.4 4.1-7.6 4.1-12 0-4.6-1.6-8.8-4-12.2L30.7 14c1.2 2 2 4.3 2 7z"
></path>
<path
d="M20 33.7a12.8 12.8 0 0 1 0-25.6c2.6 0 5 .7 7 2.1L32 5a20 20 0 1 0 .1 31.9l-5-5.2a13 13 0 0 1-7 2z"
></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<script src="animate.js"></script>
</body>
</html>