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CHANGELOG.md

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Changelog for v3.0

Highlights

This is a new major release for Ecto v3.0. Despite the major version change, we have kept the number of user-facing breaking changes to a minimum, the three main ones being:

  • Split the Ecto repository apart
  • Remove the previously deprecated Ecto datetime types in favor of the Calendar types with explicit microsecond prescision that ship as part of Elixir
  • Update to the latest JSON handling best practices

Besides those changes, there are many exciting new features. We will explore all of those changes and more below.

Split Ecto into ecto and ecto_sql

Ecto is broken in two repositories: ecto and ecto_sql. Since Ecto v2.0, an increased number of developers and teams have been using Ecto for data mapping and validation, without a need for a database. However, adding Ecto to your application would still bring a lot of the SQL baggage, such as adapters, sandboxes and migrations. In Ecto 3.0, we have moved all of the SQL adapters to a separate repository and Ecto now mostly focuses on the four Ecto building blocks: schemas, changesets, queries and repos.

If you are using Ecto with a SQL database, migrating to Ecto 3.0 is very striaght-forward. Instead of:

{:ecto, "~> 2.2"}

You should now list:

{:ecto_sql, "~> 3.0"}

If the application function in your mix.exs file includes an :applications key, you will need to add :ecto_sql to your list of applications. This does not apply if you are using the :extra_applications key.

And that's it!

Calendar types

Ecto.Date, Ecto.Time and Ecto.DateTime no longer exist. Instead developers should use Date, Time, DateTime and NaiveDateTime that ship as part of Elixir and are the preferred types since Ecto 2.1. Odds that you are already using the new types and not the deprecated ones.

Note that database adapters have also been standardized to work with Elixir types and they no longer return tuples when developers perform raw queries or use Ecto.Query fragments. For example, in Ecto 2.x:

iex> Repo.one from u in User, select: fragment("?", u.created_at), limit: 1
{{2018, 10, 8}, {15, 15, 42, 501011}}

And now in Ecto 3.0:

iex> Repo.one from u in User, select: fragment("?", u.created_at), limit: 1
~N[2018-10-08 15:15:42.501011]

To uniformly support microseconds across all databases, the types :time, :naive_datetime, :utc_datetime will now discard any microseconds information on Ecto.Changeset.cast/4. Setting the value directly, either in the struct or via Ecto.Changeset.change/2 will raise if microseconds are not truncated. Ecto v3.0 introduces the types :time_usec, :naive_datetime_usec and :utc_datetime_usec as an alternative for those interested in keeping microseconds. If you want to keep microseconds in your migrations and schemas, you need to configure your repository:

config :my_app, MyApp.Repo,
  migration_timestamps: [type: :naive_datetime_usec]

And then in your schema:

@timestamps_opts [type: :naive_datetime_usec]

JSON handling

Ecto v3.0 moved the management of the JSON library to adapters. All adapters should default to Jason.

The following configuration will emit a warning:

config :ecto, :json_library, CustomJSONLib

And should be rewritten as:

# For Postgres
config :postgrex, :json_library, CustomJSONLib

# For MySQL
config :mariaex, :json_library, CustomJSONLib

If you want to rollback to Poison, you need to configure your adapter accordingly:

# For Postgres
config :postgrex, :json_library, Poison

# For MySQL
config :mariaex, :json_library, Poison

We recommend everyone to migrate to Jason. Built-in support for Poison will be removed in future Ecto 3.x releases.

Named bindings

One of the exciting additions in Ecto v3.0 is the addition of named bindings to make the query composition even more flexible:

query = Post

# Filter by the join
query = from p in query,
          join: c in Comment, as: :comments, where: c.post_id == p.id

# Extend the query
query = from [p, comments: c] in query,
          select: {p.title, c.body}

Ecto.Query got many other exciting features. Such as pairwise comparisons, as in where: {p.foo, p.bar} > {^foo, ^bar}, built-in support for coalesce and arithmetic operators, the ability to filter aggregators, as in select: filter(count(p.id), p.public == true), table specific hints in databases like MySQL and MSSQL, unions, intersections, windows, and many more.

Locked migrations

Running migrations will now lock the migrations table, allowing you to concurrently run migrations in a cluster without worrying that two servers will race each other and run migrations twice.

In order for this safer migration mechanism to work, at least two database connections are necessary when migrating. One is used to lock the "schema_migrations" table and the other one to effectively run the migrations.

A downside of this approach is that migrations cannot run dynamically during test under the Ecto.Adapters.SQL.Sandbox, as the sandbox is unable to share a single connection across processes at the exact same time. This approach also conflicts with concurrent indexes, found in PostgreSQL. If you want to run concurrent indexes, you will have to disable the migration_lock:

config :my_app, MyApp.Repo, migration_lock: nil

v3.0.5 (2018-12-08)

Backwards incompatible changes

  • [Ecto.Schema] The :where option added in Ecto 3.0.0 had a major flaw and it has been reworked in this version. This means a tuple of three elements can no longer be passed to :where, instead a keyword list must be given. Check the "Filtering associations" section in has_many/3 docs for more information

Bug fixes

  • [Ecto.Query] Do not raise on lists of tuples that are not keywords. Instead, let custom Ecto.Type handle them
  • [Ecto.Query] Allow prefix: nil to be given to subqueries
  • [Ecto.Query] Use different cache keys for unions/intersections/excepts
  • [Ecto.Repo] Fix support for upserts with :replace without a schema
  • [Ecto.Type] Do not lose precision when casting utc_datetime_usec with a time zone different than Etc/UTC

v3.0.4 (2018-11-29)

Enhancements

  • [Decimal] Bump decimal dependency
  • [Ecto.Repo] Remove unused :pool_timeout

v3.0.3 (2018-11-20)

Enhancements

  • [Ecto.Changeset] Add count: :bytes option in validate_length/3
  • [Ecto.Query] Support passing Ecto.Query in Ecto.Repo.insert_all

Bug fixes

  • [Ecto.Type] Respect adapter types when loading/dumping arrays and maps
  • [Ecto.Query] Ensure no bindings in order_by when using combinations in Ecto.Query
  • [Ecto.Repo] Ensure adapter is compiled (instead of only loaded) before invoking it
  • [Ecto.Repo] Support new style child spec from adapters

v3.0.2 (2018-11-17)

Bug fixes

  • [Ecto.LogEntry] Bring old Ecto.LogEntry APIs back for compatibility
  • [Ecto.Repo] Consider non-joined fields when merging preloaded assocs only at root
  • [Ecto.Repo] Take field sources into account in :replace_all_fields upsert option
  • [Ecto.Type] Convert :utc_datetime to DateTime when sending it to adapters

v3.0.1 (2018-11-03)

Bug fixes

  • [Ecto.Query] Ensure parameter order is preserved when using more than 32 parameters
  • [Ecto.Query] Consider query prefix when planning association joins
  • [Ecto.Repo] Consider non-joined fields as unique parameters when merging preloaded query assocs

v3.0.0 (2018-10-29)

Note this version includes changes from ecto and ecto_sql but in future releases all ecto_sql entries will be listed in their own CHANGELOG.

Enhancements

  • [Ecto.Adapters.MySQL] Add ability to specify cli_protocol for ecto.create and ecto.drop commands
  • [Ecto.Adapters.PostgreSQL] Add ability to specify maintenance database name for PostgreSQL adapter for ecto.create and ecto.drop commands
  • [Ecto.Changeset] Store constraint name in error metadata for constraints
  • [Ecto.Changeset] Add validations/1 and constraints/1 instead of allowing direct access on the struct fields
  • [Ecto.Changeset] Add :force_update option when casting relations, to force an update even if there are no changes
  • [Ecto.Migration] Migrations now lock the migrations table in order to avoid concurrent migrations in a cluster. The type of lock can be configured via the :migration_lock repository configuration and defaults to "FOR UPDATE" or disabled if set to nil
  • [Ecto.Migration] Add :migration_default_prefix repository configuration
  • [Ecto.Migration] Add reversible version of remove/2 subcommand
  • [Ecto.Migration] Add support for non-empty arrays as defaults in migrations
  • [Ecto.Migration] Add support for logging notices/alerts/warnings when running migrations (only supported by Postgres currently)
  • [Ecto.Migrator] Warn when migrating and there is a higher version already migrated in the database
  • [Ecto.Multi] Add support for anonymous functions in insert/4, update/4, insert_or_update/4, and delete/4
  • [Ecto.Query] Support tuples in where and having, allowing queries such as where: {p.foo, p.bar} > {^foo, ^bar}
  • [Ecto.Query] Support arithmetic operators in queries as a thin layer around the DB functionality
  • [Ecto.Query] Allow joins in queries to be named via :as and allow named bindings
  • [Ecto.Query] Support excluding specific join types in exclude/2
  • [Ecto.Query] Allow virtual field update in subqueries
  • [Ecto.Query] Support coalesce/2 in queries, such as select: coalesce(p.title, p.old_title)
  • [Ecto.Query] Support filter/2 in queries, such as select: filter(count(p.id), p.public == true)
  • [Ecto.Query] The :prefix and :hints options are now supported on both from and join expressions
  • [Ecto.Query] Support :asc_nulls_last, :asc_nulls_first, :desc_nulls_last, and :desc_nulls_first in order_by
  • [Ecto.Query] Allow variables (sources) to be given in queries, for example, useful for invoking functins, such as fragment("some_function(?)", p)
  • [Ecto.Query] Add support for union, union_all, intersection, intersection_all, except and except_all
  • [Ecto.Query] Add support for windows and over
  • [Ecto.Query] Raise when comparing a string with a charlist during planning
  • [Ecto.Repo] Only start transactions if an association or embed has changed, this reduces the overhead during repository operations
  • [Ecto.Repo] Support :replace_all_except_primary_key as :on_conflict strategy
  • [Ecto.Repo] Support {:replace, fields} as :on_conflict strategy
  • [Ecto.Repo] Support :unsafe_fragment as :conflict_target
  • [Ecto.Repo] Support select in queries given to update_all and delete_all
  • [Ecto.Repo] Add Repo.exists?/2
  • [Ecto.Repo] Add Repo.checkout/2 - useful when performing multiple operations in short-time to interval, allowing the pool to be bypassed
  • [Ecto.Repo] Add :stale_error_field to Repo.insert/update/delete that converts Ecto.StaleEntryError into a changeset error. The message can also be set with :stale_error_message
  • [Ecto.Repo] Preloading now only sorts results by the relationship key instead of sorting by the whole struct
  • [Ecto.Schema] Allow :where option to be given to has_many/has_one/belongs_to/many_to_many

Bug fixes

  • [Ecto.Inspect] Do not fail when inspecting query expressions which have a number of bindings more than bindings available
  • [Ecto.Migration] Keep double underscores on autogenerated index names to be consistent with changesets
  • [Ecto.Query] Fix Ecto.Query.API.map/2 for single nil column with join
  • [Ecto.Migration] Ensure create_if_not_exists is properly reversible
  • [Ecto.Repo] Allow many_to_many associations to be preloaded via a function (before the behaviour was erratic)
  • [Ecto.Schema] Make autogen ID loading work with custom type
  • [Ecto.Schema] Make updated_at have the same value as inserted_at
  • [Ecto.Schema] Ensure all fields are replaced with on_conflict: :replace_all/:replace_all_except_primary_key and not only the fields sent as changes
  • [Ecto.Type] Return :error when casting NaN or infinite decimals
  • [mix ecto.migrate] Properly run migrations after ECTO_EDITOR changes
  • [mix ecto.migrations] List migrated versions even if the migration file is deleted
  • [mix ecto.load] The task now fails on SQL errors on Postgres

Deprecations

Although Ecto 3.0 is a major bump version, the functionality below emits deprecation warnings to ease the migration process. The functionality below will be removed in future Ecto 3.1+ releases.

  • [Ecto.Changeset] Passing a list of binaries to cast/3 is deprecated, please pass a list of atoms instead
  • [Ecto.Multi] Ecto.Multi.run/3 now receives the repo in which the transaction is executing as the first argument to functions, and the changes so far as the second argument
  • [Ecto.Query] join/5 now expects on: expr as last argument instead of simply expr. This was done in order to properly support the :as, :hints and :prefix options
  • [Ecto.Repo] The :returning option for update_all and delete_all has been deprecated as those statements now support select clauses
  • [Ecto.Repo] Passing :adapter via config is deprecated in favor of passing it on use Ecto.Repo
  • [Ecto.Repo] The :loggers configuration is deprecated in favor of "Telemetry Events"

Backwards incompatible changes

  • [Ecto.DateTime] Ecto.Date, Ecto.Time and Ecto.DateTime were previously deprecated and have now been removed
  • [Ecto.DataType] Ecto.DataType protocol has been removed
  • [Ecto.Multi] Ecto.Multi.run/5 now receives the repo in which the transaction is executing as the first argument to functions, and the changes so far as the second argument
  • [Ecto.Query] A join no longer wraps fragment in parentheses. In some cases, such as common table expressions, you will have to explicitly wrap the fragment in parens.
  • [Ecto.Repo] The on_conflict: :replace_all option now will also send fields with default values to the database. If you prefer the old behaviour that only sends the changes in the changeset, you can set it to on_conflict: {:replace, Map.keys(changeset.changes)} (this change is also listed as a bug fix)
  • [Ecto.Repo] The repository operations are no longer called from association callbacks - this behaviour was not guaranteed in previous versions but we are listing as backwards incompatible changes to help with users relying on this behaviour
  • [Ecto.Repo] :pool_timeout is no longer supported in favor of a new queue system described in DBConnection.start_link/2 under "Queue config". For most users, configuring :timeout is enough, as it now includes both queue and query time
  • [Ecto.Schema] :time, :naive_datetime and :utc_datetime no longer keep microseconds information. If you want to keep microseconds, use :time_usec, :naive_datetime_usec, :utc_datetime_usec
  • [Ecto.Schema] The @schema_prefix option now only affects the from/join of where the schema is used and no longer the whole query
  • [Ecto.Schema.Metadata] The source key no longer returns a tuple of the schema_prefix and the table/collection name. It now returns just the table/collection string. You can now access the schema_prefix via the prefix key.
  • [Mix.Ecto] Mix.Ecto.ensure_started/2 has been removed. However, in Ecto 2.2 the Mix.Ecto module was not considered part of the public API and should not have been used but we are listing this for guidance.

Adapter changes

  • [Ecto.Adapter] Split Ecto.Adapter into Ecto.Adapter.Queryable and Ecto.Adapter.Schema to provide more granular repository APIs
  • [Ecto.Adapter] The :sources field in query_meta now contains three elements tuples with {source, schema, prefix} in order to support from/join prefixes (#2572)
  • [Ecto.Adapter] The database types time, utc_datetime and naive_datetime should translate to types with seconds precision while the database types time_usec, utc_datetime_usec and naive_datetime_usec should have microseconds precision (#2291)
  • [Ecto.Adapter] The on_conflict argument for insert and insert_all no longer receives a {:replace_all, list(), atom()} tuple. Instead, it receives a {fields :: [atom()], list(), atom()} where fields is a list of atoms of the fields to be replaced (#2181)
  • [Ecto.Adapter] insert/update/delete now receive both :source and :prefix fields instead of a single :source field with both source and prefix in it (#2490)
  • [Ecto.Adapter.Migration] A new lock_for_migration/4 callback has been added. It is implemented by default by Ecto.Adapters.SQL (#2215)
  • [Ecto.Adapter.Migration] The execute_ddl should now return {:ok, []} to make space for returning notices/hints/warnings in the future (adapters leveraging Ecto.Adapters.SQL do not have to perform any change)
  • [Ecto.Query] The from field in Ecto.Query now returns a Ecto.Query.FromExpr with the :source field, unifying the behaviour in from and join expressions (#2497)
  • [Ecto.Query] Tuple expressions are now supported in queries. For example, where: {p.foo, p.bar} > {p.bar, p.baz} should translate to WHERE (p.foo, p.bar) > (p.bar, p.baz) in SQL databases. Adapters should be changed to handle {:{}, meta, exprs} in the query AST (#2344)
  • [Ecto.Query] Adapters should support the following arithmetic operators in queries +, -, * and / (#2400)
  • [Ecto.Query] Adapters should support filter/2 in queries, as in select: filter(count(p.id), p.public == true) (#2487)

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