diff --git a/src/array.h b/src/array.h
index 313e5af..8f7467f 100644
--- a/src/array.h
+++ b/src/array.h
@@ -189,7 +189,10 @@ struct array {
       }
   }
 
-  inline array_p atom_i(size_t i) const { return atom(t, data_i(i)); }
+  inline array_p atom_i(size_t i) const {
+    if (t == T_ARR) return data<arr_t>()[i];
+    else return atom(t, data_i(i));
+  }
   inline array_p tail() const { return create(t, n - 1, data_i(1)); }
 };
 
@@ -204,12 +207,3 @@ using array_p = rc<array>;
 
 #define DO_MUT_ARRAY(a, typ, i, p) _DO_ARRAY_IMPL(a, i, p, UNIQUE(__), auto& p = a->mut_data<typ>()[i])
 #define DO_ARRAY(a, t, i, p)       _DO_ARRAY_IMPL(a, i, p, UNIQUE(__), auto p = a->data<t>()[i])
-
-template <typename Fn>
-inline void array::for_each_atom(Fn callback) const {
-  if (t != T_ARR) {
-    DO(i, n) { callback(i, array::atom_i(i)); }
-  } else {
-    DO_ARRAY(this, arr_t, i, e) { callback(i, e); }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/words.c++ b/src/words.c++
index 5906910..5217194 100644
--- a/src/words.c++
+++ b/src/words.c++
@@ -666,24 +666,22 @@ DEF_WORD("\\s", slash_stack) {
 DEF_WORD(",fold", fold) {
   POP(y);
   POP(x);
-  t_dict_entry e    = as_dict_entry(y);
-  auto         iter = [&](size_t i, array_p slice) mutable {
-    PUSH(slice);
+  t_dict_entry e = as_dict_entry(y);
+  DO(i, x->n) {
+    PUSH(x->atom_i(i));
     if (i > 0) inter.entry(e);
-  };
-  x->for_each_atom(iter);
+  }
 }
 
 DEF_WORD(",scan", scan) {
   POP(y);
   POP(x);
-  t_dict_entry e    = as_dict_entry(y);
-  auto         iter = [&](size_t i, array_p slice) mutable {
+  t_dict_entry e = as_dict_entry(y);
+  DO(i, x->n) {
     if (i > 0) DUP;
-    PUSH(slice);
+    PUSH(x->atom_i(i));
     if (i > 0) inter.entry(e);
-  };
-  x->for_each_atom(iter);
+  }
   array_p result = cat(stack, x->n);
   PUSH(result);
 }
@@ -691,12 +689,11 @@ DEF_WORD(",scan", scan) {
 DEF_WORD(",apply", apply) {
   POP(y);
   POP(x);
-  t_dict_entry e    = as_dict_entry(y);
-  auto         iter = [&](size_t i, array_p slice) mutable {
-    PUSH(slice);
+  t_dict_entry e = as_dict_entry(y);
+  DO(i, x->n) {
+    PUSH(x->atom_i(i));
     inter.entry(e);
   };
-  x->for_each_atom(iter);
   array_p result = cat(stack, x->n);
   PUSH(result);
 }
@@ -704,13 +701,12 @@ DEF_WORD(",apply", apply) {
 DEF_WORD(",pairwise", pairwise) {
   POP(y);
   POP(x);
-  t_dict_entry e    = as_dict_entry(y);
-  auto         iter = [&](size_t i, array_p slice) mutable {
-    PUSH(slice);
+  t_dict_entry e = as_dict_entry(y);
+  DO(i, x->n) {
+    PUSH(x->atom_i(i));
     if (i > 0) inter.entry(e);
-    PUSH(slice);
+    PUSH(x->atom_i(i));
   };
-  x->for_each_atom(iter);
   DROP;
   array_p result = cat(stack, x->n);
   PUSH(result);