diff --git a/src/compiler/checker.ts b/src/compiler/checker.ts
index bec8686ab935a..1f2eaea833df0 100644
--- a/src/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -5924,6 +5924,13 @@ namespace ts {
             return isTypeRelatedTo(source, target, assignableRelation);
         }
 
+        // A type S is considered to be an instance of a type T if S and T are the same type or if S is a
+        // subtype of T but not structurally identical to T. This specifically means that two distinct but
+        // structurally identical types (such as two classes) are not considered instances of each other.
+        function isTypeInstanceOf(source: Type, target: Type): boolean {
+            return source === target || isTypeSubtypeOf(source, target) && !isTypeIdenticalTo(source, target);
+        }
+
         /**
          * This is *not* a bi-directional relationship.
          * If one needs to check both directions for comparability, use a second call to this function or 'checkTypeComparableTo'.
@@ -8575,12 +8582,12 @@ namespace ts {
 
             function getNarrowedType(type: Type, candidate: Type, assumeTrue: boolean) {
                 if (!assumeTrue) {
-                    return filterType(type, t => !isTypeSubtypeOf(t, candidate));
+                    return filterType(type, t => !isTypeInstanceOf(t, candidate));
                 }
-                // If the current type is a union type, remove all constituents that aren't assignable to
+                // If the current type is a union type, remove all constituents that couldn't be instances of
                 // the candidate type. If one or more constituents remain, return a union of those.
                 if (type.flags & TypeFlags.Union) {
-                    const assignableConstituents = filter((<UnionType>type).types, t => isTypeAssignableTo(t, candidate));
+                    const assignableConstituents = filter((<UnionType>type).types, t => isTypeInstanceOf(t, candidate));
                     if (assignableConstituents.length) {
                         return getUnionType(assignableConstituents);
                     }
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.symbols
index 5251973005fcd..217e11dc95d0a 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.symbols
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.symbols
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ if (isNodeList(sourceObj)) {
 >sourceObj : Symbol(sourceObj, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 23, 3))
 
     sourceObj.length;
->sourceObj.length : Symbol(length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27), Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
+>sourceObj.length : Symbol(NodeList.length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27))
 >sourceObj : Symbol(sourceObj, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 23, 3))
->length : Symbol(length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27), Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
+>length : Symbol(NodeList.length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27))
 }
 
 if (isHTMLCollection(sourceObj)) {
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ if (isHTMLCollection(sourceObj)) {
 >sourceObj : Symbol(sourceObj, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 23, 3))
 
     sourceObj.length;
->sourceObj.length : Symbol(length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27), Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
+>sourceObj.length : Symbol(HTMLCollection.length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
 >sourceObj : Symbol(sourceObj, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 23, 3))
->length : Symbol(length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27), Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
+>length : Symbol(HTMLCollection.length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
 }
 
 if (isNodeList(sourceObj) || isHTMLCollection(sourceObj)) {
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ if (isNodeList(sourceObj) || isHTMLCollection(sourceObj)) {
 >sourceObj : Symbol(sourceObj, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 23, 3))
 
     sourceObj.length;
->sourceObj.length : Symbol(NodeList.length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27))
+>sourceObj.length : Symbol(length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27), Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
 >sourceObj : Symbol(sourceObj, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 23, 3))
->length : Symbol(NodeList.length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27))
+>length : Symbol(length, Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 10, 27), Decl(controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.ts, 14, 33))
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.types b/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.types
index d24462316b4da..7e92fcdbbd153 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.types
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/controlFlowBinaryOrExpression.types
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ if (isNodeList(sourceObj)) {
 
     sourceObj.length;
 >sourceObj.length : number
->sourceObj : NodeList | HTMLCollection
+>sourceObj : NodeList
 >length : number
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ if (isHTMLCollection(sourceObj)) {
 
     sourceObj.length;
 >sourceObj.length : number
->sourceObj : NodeList | HTMLCollection
+>sourceObj : HTMLCollection
 >length : number
 }
 
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ if (isNodeList(sourceObj) || isHTMLCollection(sourceObj)) {
 >sourceObj : EventTargetLike
 >isHTMLCollection(sourceObj) : boolean
 >isHTMLCollection : (sourceObj: any) => sourceObj is HTMLCollection
->sourceObj : { a: string; }
+>sourceObj : HTMLCollection | { a: string; }
 
     sourceObj.length;
 >sourceObj.length : number
->sourceObj : NodeList
+>sourceObj : NodeList | HTMLCollection
 >length : number
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.js b/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..97be21377229d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+//// [instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts]
+// Repro from #7271
+
+class C1 { item: string }
+class C2 { item: string[] }
+class C3 { item: string }
+
+function foo1(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+    if (x instanceof C1) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C2) {
+        return x.item[0];
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C3) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+
+function isC1(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C1 { return c instanceof C1 }
+function isC2(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C2 { return c instanceof C2 }
+function isC3(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C3 { return c instanceof C3 }
+
+function foo2(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+    if (isC1(x)) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    else if (isC2(x)) {
+        return x.item[0];
+    }
+    else if (isC3(x)) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+
+// More tests
+
+class A { a: string }
+class A1 extends A { }
+class A2 { a: string }
+class B extends A { b: string }
+
+function goo(x: A) {
+    if (x instanceof A) {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // never
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A1) {
+        x;  // A1
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A2) {
+        x;  // A2
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof B) {
+        x;  // B
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+}
+
+
+//// [instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.js]
+// Repro from #7271
+var __extends = (this && this.__extends) || function (d, b) {
+    for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p];
+    function __() { this.constructor = d; }
+    d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());
+};
+var C1 = (function () {
+    function C1() {
+    }
+    return C1;
+}());
+var C2 = (function () {
+    function C2() {
+    }
+    return C2;
+}());
+var C3 = (function () {
+    function C3() {
+    }
+    return C3;
+}());
+function foo1(x) {
+    if (x instanceof C1) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C2) {
+        return x.item[0];
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C3) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+function isC1(c) { return c instanceof C1; }
+function isC2(c) { return c instanceof C2; }
+function isC3(c) { return c instanceof C3; }
+function foo2(x) {
+    if (isC1(x)) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    else if (isC2(x)) {
+        return x.item[0];
+    }
+    else if (isC3(x)) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+// More tests
+var A = (function () {
+    function A() {
+    }
+    return A;
+}());
+var A1 = (function (_super) {
+    __extends(A1, _super);
+    function A1() {
+        _super.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+    return A1;
+}(A));
+var A2 = (function () {
+    function A2() {
+    }
+    return A2;
+}());
+var B = (function (_super) {
+    __extends(B, _super);
+    function B() {
+        _super.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+    return B;
+}(A));
+function goo(x) {
+    if (x instanceof A) {
+        x; // A
+    }
+    else {
+        x; // never
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A1) {
+        x; // A1
+    }
+    else {
+        x; // A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A2) {
+        x; // A2
+    }
+    else {
+        x; // A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof B) {
+        x; // B
+    }
+    else {
+        x; // A
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f2eb40eea47a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts ===
+// Repro from #7271
+
+class C1 { item: string }
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+>item : Symbol(C1.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 10))
+
+class C2 { item: string[] }
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+>item : Symbol(C2.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 10))
+
+class C3 { item: string }
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+>item : Symbol(C3.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 4, 10))
+
+function foo1(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+>foo1 : Symbol(foo1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 4, 25))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 6, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+
+    if (x instanceof C1) {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 6, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : Symbol(C1.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 10))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 6, 14))
+>item : Symbol(C1.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 10))
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C2) {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 6, 14))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+
+        return x.item[0];
+>x.item : Symbol(C2.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 10))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 6, 14))
+>item : Symbol(C2.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 10))
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C3) {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 6, 14))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : Symbol(C3.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 4, 10))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 6, 14))
+>item : Symbol(C3.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 4, 10))
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+
+function isC1(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C1 { return c instanceof C1 }
+>isC1 : Symbol(isC1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 17, 1))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 19, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 19, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 19, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+
+function isC2(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C2 { return c instanceof C2 }
+>isC2 : Symbol(isC2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 19, 66))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 20, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 20, 14))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 20, 14))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+
+function isC3(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C3 { return c instanceof C3 }
+>isC3 : Symbol(isC3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 20, 66))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 21, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 21, 14))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 21, 14))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+
+function foo2(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+>foo2 : Symbol(foo2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 21, 66))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 23, 14))
+>C1 : Symbol(C1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 0, 0))
+>C2 : Symbol(C2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 25))
+>C3 : Symbol(C3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 27))
+
+    if (isC1(x)) {
+>isC1 : Symbol(isC1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 17, 1))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 23, 14))
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : Symbol(C1.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 10))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 23, 14))
+>item : Symbol(C1.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 2, 10))
+    }
+    else if (isC2(x)) {
+>isC2 : Symbol(isC2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 19, 66))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 23, 14))
+
+        return x.item[0];
+>x.item : Symbol(C2.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 10))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 23, 14))
+>item : Symbol(C2.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 3, 10))
+    }
+    else if (isC3(x)) {
+>isC3 : Symbol(isC3, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 20, 66))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 23, 14))
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : Symbol(C3.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 4, 10))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 23, 14))
+>item : Symbol(C3.item, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 4, 10))
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+
+// More tests
+
+class A { a: string }
+>A : Symbol(A, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 34, 1))
+>a : Symbol(A.a, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 38, 9))
+
+class A1 extends A { }
+>A1 : Symbol(A1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 38, 21))
+>A : Symbol(A, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 34, 1))
+
+class A2 { a: string }
+>A2 : Symbol(A2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 39, 22))
+>a : Symbol(A2.a, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 40, 10))
+
+class B extends A { b: string }
+>B : Symbol(B, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 40, 22))
+>A : Symbol(A, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 34, 1))
+>b : Symbol(B.b, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 41, 19))
+
+function goo(x: A) {
+>goo : Symbol(goo, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 41, 31))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+>A : Symbol(A, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 34, 1))
+
+    if (x instanceof A) {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+>A : Symbol(A, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 34, 1))
+
+        x;  // A
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // never
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A1) {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+>A1 : Symbol(A1, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 38, 21))
+
+        x;  // A1
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A2) {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+>A2 : Symbol(A2, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 39, 22))
+
+        x;  // A2
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+    if (x instanceof B) {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+>B : Symbol(B, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 40, 22))
+
+        x;  // B
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts, 43, 13))
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.types b/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d98a602579642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.types
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts ===
+// Repro from #7271
+
+class C1 { item: string }
+>C1 : C1
+>item : string
+
+class C2 { item: string[] }
+>C2 : C2
+>item : string[]
+
+class C3 { item: string }
+>C3 : C3
+>item : string
+
+function foo1(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+>foo1 : (x: C1 | C2 | C3) => string
+>x : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C1 : C1
+>C2 : C2
+>C3 : C3
+
+    if (x instanceof C1) {
+>x instanceof C1 : boolean
+>x : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C1 : typeof C1
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : string
+>x : C1
+>item : string
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C2) {
+>x instanceof C2 : boolean
+>x : C2 | C3
+>C2 : typeof C2
+
+        return x.item[0];
+>x.item[0] : string
+>x.item : string[]
+>x : C2
+>item : string[]
+>0 : number
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C3) {
+>x instanceof C3 : boolean
+>x : C3
+>C3 : typeof C3
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : string
+>x : C3
+>item : string
+    }
+    return "error";
+>"error" : string
+}
+
+function isC1(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C1 { return c instanceof C1 }
+>isC1 : (c: C1 | C2 | C3) => c is C1
+>c : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C1 : C1
+>C2 : C2
+>C3 : C3
+>c : any
+>C1 : C1
+>c instanceof C1 : boolean
+>c : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C1 : typeof C1
+
+function isC2(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C2 { return c instanceof C2 }
+>isC2 : (c: C1 | C2 | C3) => c is C2
+>c : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C1 : C1
+>C2 : C2
+>C3 : C3
+>c : any
+>C2 : C2
+>c instanceof C2 : boolean
+>c : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C2 : typeof C2
+
+function isC3(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C3 { return c instanceof C3 }
+>isC3 : (c: C1 | C2 | C3) => c is C3
+>c : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C1 : C1
+>C2 : C2
+>C3 : C3
+>c : any
+>C3 : C3
+>c instanceof C3 : boolean
+>c : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C3 : typeof C3
+
+function foo2(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+>foo2 : (x: C1 | C2 | C3) => string
+>x : C1 | C2 | C3
+>C1 : C1
+>C2 : C2
+>C3 : C3
+
+    if (isC1(x)) {
+>isC1(x) : boolean
+>isC1 : (c: C1 | C2 | C3) => c is C1
+>x : C1 | C2 | C3
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : string
+>x : C1
+>item : string
+    }
+    else if (isC2(x)) {
+>isC2(x) : boolean
+>isC2 : (c: C1 | C2 | C3) => c is C2
+>x : C2 | C3
+
+        return x.item[0];
+>x.item[0] : string
+>x.item : string[]
+>x : C2
+>item : string[]
+>0 : number
+    }
+    else if (isC3(x)) {
+>isC3(x) : boolean
+>isC3 : (c: C1 | C2 | C3) => c is C3
+>x : C3
+
+        return x.item;
+>x.item : string
+>x : C3
+>item : string
+    }
+    return "error";
+>"error" : string
+}
+
+// More tests
+
+class A { a: string }
+>A : A
+>a : string
+
+class A1 extends A { }
+>A1 : A1
+>A : A
+
+class A2 { a: string }
+>A2 : A2
+>a : string
+
+class B extends A { b: string }
+>B : B
+>A : A
+>b : string
+
+function goo(x: A) {
+>goo : (x: A) => void
+>x : A
+>A : A
+
+    if (x instanceof A) {
+>x instanceof A : boolean
+>x : A
+>A : typeof A
+
+        x;  // A
+>x : A
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // never
+>x : never
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A1) {
+>x instanceof A1 : boolean
+>x : A
+>A1 : typeof A1
+
+        x;  // A1
+>x : A1
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+>x : A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A2) {
+>x instanceof A2 : boolean
+>x : A
+>A2 : typeof A2
+
+        x;  // A2
+>x : A2
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+>x : A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof B) {
+>x instanceof B : boolean
+>x : A
+>B : typeof B
+
+        x;  // B
+>x : B
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+>x : A
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..564f7a9c22eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/instanceofWithStructurallyIdenticalTypes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Repro from #7271
+
+class C1 { item: string }
+class C2 { item: string[] }
+class C3 { item: string }
+
+function foo1(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+    if (x instanceof C1) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C2) {
+        return x.item[0];
+    }
+    else if (x instanceof C3) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+
+function isC1(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C1 { return c instanceof C1 }
+function isC2(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C2 { return c instanceof C2 }
+function isC3(c: C1 | C2 | C3): c is C3 { return c instanceof C3 }
+
+function foo2(x: C1 | C2 | C3): string {
+    if (isC1(x)) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    else if (isC2(x)) {
+        return x.item[0];
+    }
+    else if (isC3(x)) {
+        return x.item;
+    }
+    return "error";
+}
+
+// More tests
+
+class A { a: string }
+class A1 extends A { }
+class A2 { a: string }
+class B extends A { b: string }
+
+function goo(x: A) {
+    if (x instanceof A) {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // never
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A1) {
+        x;  // A1
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof A2) {
+        x;  // A2
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+    if (x instanceof B) {
+        x;  // B
+    }
+    else {
+        x;  // A
+    }
+}