diff --git a/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/configuration/Configuration.java b/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/configuration/Configuration.java
index 3fbdfedc7f1..5e9819d6f58 100644
--- a/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/configuration/Configuration.java
+++ b/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/configuration/Configuration.java
@@ -317,6 +317,8 @@ public static class PreviewConfiguration {
     // "% Processor Time Normalized"
     public boolean useNormalizedValueForNonNormalizedCpuPercentage = true;
 
+    public List<CustomInstrumentation> customInstrumentation = new ArrayList<>();
+
     private static final Set<String> VALID_ADDITIONAL_PROPAGATORS =
         new HashSet<>(asList("b3", "b3multi"));
 
@@ -493,6 +495,11 @@ public void validate() {
     }
   }
 
+  public static class CustomInstrumentation {
+    public String className;
+    public String methodName;
+  }
+
   public static class EnabledByDefaultInstrumentation {
     public boolean enabled = true;
   }
diff --git a/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/init/AiConfigCustomizer.java b/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/init/AiConfigCustomizer.java
index dcf3019cc67..2a218567a4f 100644
--- a/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/init/AiConfigCustomizer.java
+++ b/agent/agent-tooling/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/agent/internal/init/AiConfigCustomizer.java
@@ -91,6 +91,22 @@ public Map<String, String> defaultProperties() {
     // enable log4j 1.x MDC
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.log4j-appender.experimental.capture-mdc-attributes", "*");
 
+    // custom instrumentation
+    if (!config.preview.customInstrumentation.isEmpty()) {
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+      for (Configuration.CustomInstrumentation customInstrumentation :
+          config.preview.customInstrumentation) {
+        if (sb.length() > 0) {
+          sb.append(';');
+        }
+        sb.append(customInstrumentation.className);
+        sb.append('[');
+        sb.append(customInstrumentation.methodName);
+        sb.append(']');
+      }
+      properties.put("otel.instrumentation.methods.include", sb.toString());
+    }
+
     properties.put("otel.propagators", DelegatingPropagatorProvider.NAME);
 
     properties.put("otel.traces.sampler", DelegatingSamplerProvider.NAME);
@@ -143,11 +159,6 @@ private static void enableInstrumentations(Configuration config, Map<String, Str
 
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.experimental.span-suppression-strategy", "client");
 
-    // TODO (trask) remove these two after
-    // https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/pull/5989
-    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.oshi-metrics.enabled", "false");
-    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.runtime-metrics.enabled", "false");
-
     // instrumentation that cannot be disabled (currently at least)
 
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.ai-azure-functions.enabled", "true");
@@ -167,12 +178,6 @@ private static void enableInstrumentations(Configuration config, Map<String, Str
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.jaxrs-client.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.jaxws.enabled", "true");
 
-    // TODO (trask) remove these three after
-    // https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/pull/5980
-    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.axis2.enabled", "true");
-    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.cxf.enabled", "true");
-    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.metro.enabled", "true");
-
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.jboss-logmanager-appender.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.jboss-logmanager-mdc.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.jetty.enabled", "true");
@@ -185,6 +190,7 @@ private static void enableInstrumentations(Configuration config, Map<String, Str
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.log4j-mdc.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.log4j-context-data.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.logback-mdc.enabled", "true");
+    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.methods.enabled", "true");
 
     // not supporting netty-3.8 for now
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.netty-4.0.enabled", "true");
@@ -198,11 +204,6 @@ private static void enableInstrumentations(Configuration config, Map<String, Str
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.reactor-netty.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.rxjava.enabled", "true");
 
-    // TODO (trask) remove these two after
-    // https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/pull/5984
-    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.rxjava2.enabled", "true");
-    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.rxjava3.enabled", "true");
-
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.servlet.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.spring-core.enabled", "true");
     properties.put("otel.instrumentation.spring-web.enabled", "true");
diff --git a/agent/azure-monitor-exporter/src/main/java/com/azure/monitor/opentelemetry/exporter/implementation/SpanDataMapper.java b/agent/azure-monitor-exporter/src/main/java/com/azure/monitor/opentelemetry/exporter/implementation/SpanDataMapper.java
index 1c696aca26f..b46a1d1d2d3 100644
--- a/agent/azure-monitor-exporter/src/main/java/com/azure/monitor/opentelemetry/exporter/implementation/SpanDataMapper.java
+++ b/agent/azure-monitor-exporter/src/main/java/com/azure/monitor/opentelemetry/exporter/implementation/SpanDataMapper.java
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ public TelemetryItem map(SpanData span, float samplingPercentage) {
     String instrumentationName = span.getInstrumentationScopeInfo().getName();
     TelemetryItem telemetryItem;
     if (kind == SpanKind.INTERNAL) {
-      if (instrumentationName.startsWith("io.opentelemetry.spring-scheduling-")
+      if ((instrumentationName.startsWith("io.opentelemetry.spring-scheduling-")
+              || instrumentationName.equals("io.opentelemetry.methods"))
           && !span.getParentSpanContext().isValid()) {
         // TODO (trask) AI mapping: need semantic convention for determining whether to map INTERNAL
         // to request or dependency (or need clarification to use SERVER for this)
diff --git a/settings.gradle b/settings.gradle
index 1f5fd3d48f1..68981465e0a 100644
--- a/settings.gradle
+++ b/settings.gradle
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ include ':smoke-tests:apps:AzureSdk'
 include ':smoke-tests:apps:Cassandra'
 include ':smoke-tests:apps:CoreAndFilter'
 include ':smoke-tests:apps:CustomDimensions'
-//include ':smoke-tests:apps:CustomInstrumentation'
+include ':smoke-tests:apps:CustomInstrumentation'
 include ':smoke-tests:apps:gRPC'
 include ':smoke-tests:apps:HeartBeat'
 include ':smoke-tests:apps:HttpClients'
diff --git a/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/build.gradle.kts b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..14b4e8ad249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+plugins {
+  id("ai.smoke-test-jar")
+}
+
+dependencies {
+  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:2.1.7.RELEASE")
+}
diff --git a/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketestapp/SpringBootApp.java b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketestapp/SpringBootApp.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..46901a996c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketestapp/SpringBootApp.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * ApplicationInsights-Java
+ * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * MIT License
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
+ * software and associated documentation files (the ""Software""), to deal in the Software
+ * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+ * persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
+ * substantial portions of the Software.
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+ * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+ * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketestapp;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class SpringBootApp {
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    SpringApplication.run(SpringBootApp.class, args);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketestapp/TestController.java b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketestapp/TestController.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e7113f0677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/main/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketestapp/TestController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * ApplicationInsights-Java
+ * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * MIT License
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
+ * software and associated documentation files (the ""Software""), to deal in the Software
+ * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+ * persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
+ * substantial portions of the Software.
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+ * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+ * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketestapp;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+
+@RestController
+public class TestController {
+
+  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("smoketestapp");
+
+  @GetMapping("/")
+  public String root() {
+    return "OK";
+  }
+
+  @GetMapping("/test")
+  public String test() {
+    // spin off separate thread to simulate a top-level (request) instrumentation captured on the
+    // run() method
+    new Thread(this::run).start();
+    return "OK!";
+  }
+
+  private void run() {
+    logger.info("hello");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketest/CustomInstrumentationTest.java b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketest/CustomInstrumentationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25ffd965f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/java/com/microsoft/applicationinsights/smoketest/CustomInstrumentationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest;
+
+import static com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.WarEnvironmentValue.JAVA_11;
+import static com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.WarEnvironmentValue.JAVA_17;
+import static com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.WarEnvironmentValue.JAVA_8;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.schemav2.Data;
+import com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.schemav2.Envelope;
+import com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.schemav2.MessageData;
+import com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.schemav2.RequestData;
+import com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketest.schemav2.SeverityLevel;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
+
+@UseAgent
+public abstract class CustomInstrumentationTest {
+
+  @RegisterExtension static final SmokeTestExtension testing = new SmokeTestExtension();
+
+  @Test
+  @TargetUri("/test")
+  void test() throws Exception {
+    List<Envelope> rdList = testing.mockedIngestion.waitForItems("RequestData", 2);
+
+    Envelope rdEnvelope1 = getRequestEnvelope(rdList, "GET /test");
+    Envelope rdEnvelope2 = getRequestEnvelope(rdList, "TestController.run");
+
+    RequestData rd1 = (RequestData) ((Data<?>) rdEnvelope1.getData()).getBaseData();
+
+    assertThat(rd1.getName()).isEqualTo("GET /test");
+    assertThat(rd1.getResponseCode()).isEqualTo("200");
+    assertThat(rd1.getProperties()).isEmpty();
+    assertThat(rd1.getSuccess()).isTrue();
+
+    RequestData rd2 = (RequestData) ((Data<?>) rdEnvelope2.getData()).getBaseData();
+
+    assertThat(rd2.getName()).isEqualTo("TestController.run");
+    assertThat(rd2.getResponseCode()).isEqualTo("0");
+    assertThat(rd2.getProperties()).isEmpty();
+    assertThat(rd2.getSuccess()).isTrue();
+
+    String operationId = rdEnvelope2.getTags().get("ai.operation.id");
+    List<Envelope> mdList = testing.mockedIngestion.waitForMessageItemsInRequest(1, operationId);
+
+    Envelope mdEnvelope = mdList.get(0);
+    MessageData md = (MessageData) ((Data<?>) mdEnvelope.getData()).getBaseData();
+
+    assertThat(md.getMessage()).isEqualTo("hello");
+    assertThat(md.getSeverityLevel()).isEqualTo(SeverityLevel.INFORMATION);
+    assertThat(md.getProperties()).containsEntry("SourceType", "Logger");
+    assertThat(md.getProperties()).containsEntry("LoggerName", "smoketestapp");
+    assertThat(md.getProperties()).containsKey("ThreadName");
+    assertThat(md.getProperties()).hasSize(3);
+  }
+
+  private static Envelope getRequestEnvelope(List<Envelope> envelopes, String name) {
+    for (Envelope envelope : envelopes) {
+      RequestData rd = (RequestData) ((Data<?>) envelope.getData()).getBaseData();
+      if (rd.getName().equals(name)) {
+        return envelope;
+      }
+    }
+    throw new IllegalStateException("Could not find request with name: " + name);
+  }
+
+  @Environment(JAVA_8)
+  static class Java8Test extends CustomInstrumentationTest {}
+
+  @Environment(JAVA_11)
+  static class Java11Test extends CustomInstrumentationTest {}
+
+  @Environment(JAVA_17)
+  static class Java17Test extends CustomInstrumentationTest {}
+}
diff --git a/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/resources/applicationinsights.json b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/resources/applicationinsights.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ac2a331504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/resources/applicationinsights.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "preview": {
+    "customInstrumentation": [
+      {
+        "className": "com.microsoft.applicationinsights.smoketestapp.TestController",
+        "methodName": "run"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/resources/logback-test.xml b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/resources/logback-test.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0cbbecd57ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-tests/apps/CustomInstrumentation/src/smokeTest/resources/logback-test.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<configuration>
+  <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+  <root level="warn">
+    <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
+  </root>
+</configuration>