--- title: Research on Cultural Values --- _with a focus on Shalom Schwartz's work._ ## Ten Values * **Power**: Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources. (social power, authority, wealth, preserving my public image) * **Achievement**: Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards. (successful, capable, ambitious, influential) * **Hedonism**: Pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself. (pleasure, enjoying life, self-indulgence) * **Stimulation**: Excitement, novelty, and challenge in life. (daring, a varied life, an exciting life) * **Self-direction**: Independent thought and action-choosing, creating, exploring. (creativity, freedom, independent, curious, choosing own goals) * **Universalism**: Understanding, appreciation, tolerance and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature. (broadminded, wisdom, social justice, equality, a world at peace, a world of beauty, unity with nature, protecting the environment) * **Benevolence**: Preservation and enhancement of the welfare of people with whom one is in frequent personal contact. (helpful, honest, forgiving, loyal, responsible) * **Tradition**: Respect, commitment and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion provide the self. (humble, accepting my portion in life, devout, respect for tradition, moderate) * **Conformity**: Restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms. (politeness, obedient, self-discipline, honoring parents and elders) * **Security**: Safety, harmony and stability of society, of relationships, and of self. (family security, national security, social order, clean, reciprocation of favors) ![[../assets/notes/motivational_types_of_values.png]] ## Futher Reading (In Zotero) * [Cultural Value Orientations: Nature & Implications of National Differences _by Schwartz, Shalom H._](https://www.zotero.org/groups/1488090/life-itself/collections/F74GMKPG/items/GB3L7TVF/collection) * [Draft Users Manual: Proper Use of the Schwartz Value Survey _by Schwartz, Shalom H._](https://www.zotero.org/groups/1488090/life-itself/collections/F74GMKPG/items/YL9C5UIE/collection)