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index.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.9" />
<title>Lightweight JSON Parsing in C</title>
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Lightweight JSON Parsing in C</h1>
<span id="author">Bob Krzaczek</span><br />
<span id="email"><code><<a href="mailto:krz@cis.rit.edu">krz@cis.rit.edu</a>></code></span><br />
<span id="revnumber">version 1.0.8,</span>
<span id="revdate">2014-Dec-03</span>
<br /><span id="revremark">“What does that even mean?”</span>
<div id="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_what">What</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_a_very_lightweight_json_parser">A Very Lightweight JSON Parser</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>json.h</strong> defines a simple interface and parse tree in simple C that
can be used to represent data received in JSON format.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>json.c</strong> is a lightweight implementation of that interface.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_a_json_parser_for_the_korn_shell">A JSON Parser for the Korn shell</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>jsoncvt</strong> is a program built on that parser that can convert JSON into
Korn shell expressions. It also supports output in XML, in the event
you have an XML parser but no JSON parser available in your
environment.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Primarily, this is for people who need to read JSON in ksh93, but
don’t want to mess with shared libraries (“builtins”) and the like.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_why">Why</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The parser exists because, as I looked through some of the existing
parsers advertised for C at <a href="http://json.org/">http://json.org/</a> I was surprised at how
large some of them were. JSON is an intentionally small and simple
format; a parser for it should be equally small and simple.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The entire specification for the parser is just 32 lines of code, and
its implementation comes in at under 500 lines of code. This is
strictly written to C99 and POSIX.1-2001; it should compile nearly
anywhere that’s reasonable.</p></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<img alt="Note" src="data:image/png;base64,
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PAr9L8j/96+U/w3yCoCXW14B8HLLvwDd67nwZIEPdgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" />
</td>
<td class="content">Later, I learned I had overlooked
<a href="https://github.com/udp/json-parser">json-parser</a>, which is very similar
in spirit to this one. If I had looked closer and evaluated every C
implementation out there, I might have found and selected this one
instead of writing my own.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>I needed a JSON parser because I wanted to work with JSON data in some
Korn shell programming, which is how <strong>jsoncvt</strong> came to be. As recent
versions of ksh93 (neé ksh) are pretty rich in their supported types
(compound variables, booleans and integers and reals (oh my), and
arrays of those types), I wanted something that would yield <em>native</em>
and <em>rich</em> structures in ksh93.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_how">How</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_source_overview">Source Overview</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The sources to <strong>jsoncvt</strong> are written assuming only C99 and
POSIX.1-2001. They should compile just about anywhere reasonable
without modification, without any warnings or other diagnostics.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<strong><a href="jsonh.html">json.h</a>, json.c</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The heart of the software, a fast and lightweight JSON parser.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<strong>ksh.h, ksh.c</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Emits a parsed JSON tree in ksh93 syntax.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<strong>xml.h, xml.c</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Emits a parsed JSON tree in XML syntax. A DTD describing the
emitted XML is available <a href="jsoncvt.dtd">here</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<strong>twine.h, twine.c</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A set of functions for building simple C strings.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<strong>ptrvec.h, ptrvec.c</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A set of functions for building vectors of pointers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<strong>sanity.h, sanity.c</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Functions that help maintain my sanity.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_building">Building</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Primarily, <strong>json.h</strong> and <strong>json.c</strong> are the files of interest. You
wouldn’t install those; instead, you can just include them into your
own project. The parser is small enough to fit in just those files for
exactly that reason. As provided, they use <strong>ptrvec</strong> and <strong>twine</strong> which
shouldn’t conflict with anything your project, but feel free to rename
them as necessary. Porting to use your own replacements for <strong>ptrvec</strong>,
<strong>sanity</strong>, and <strong>twine</strong> should be a piece of cake; there is nothing
elaborate in there.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>But <strong>jsoncvt</strong> is a useful utility, and you might want to make that
generally available on your system. Easy peasy:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
Use <strong>make</strong> to build. Supply CFLAGS and maybe even CC if you need
to, but straight out the box, it should be okay. There’s no need for
autoconf, iffe, or anything like that. Standards are good that way.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Place the resulting <strong>jsoncvt</strong> into a <strong>…/bin</strong> directory of your
choice.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Place <strong>jsoncvt.1</strong> into a <strong>…/man/man1</strong> directory of your choice.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
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</td>
<td class="content">Some installations of C compilers support the C99 standard, but
aren’t compliant by default. That’s no problem. In those cases, you
just need to pass an appropriate CFLAGS setting on the command line.
For example, to coax some GNU cc installations along, you might want
to run <strong>make</strong> like this<br />
<br />
<code>$ make CFLAGS=-std=c99</code><br />
<br />
Thanks to Jukka Inkeri for this tip.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">