diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/Resources/Strings.resx b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/Resources/Strings.resx
index af1136a18e2f24..76086418dd536e 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/Resources/Strings.resx
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/Resources/Strings.resx
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
     <value>The requested operation requires an element of type '{0}', but the target element has type '{1}'.</value>
   </data>
   <data name="TypeInfoResolverImmutable" xml:space="preserve">
-    <value>Default TypeInfoResolver and custom TypeInfoResolver after first usage cannot be changed.</value>
+    <value>Default TypeInfoResolver and custom TypeInfoResolver cannot be changed after first usage.</value>
   </data>
   <data name="TypeInfoImmutable" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>JsonTypeInfo cannot be changed after first usage.</value>
@@ -662,4 +662,7 @@
   <data name="JsonPropertyInfoBoundToDifferentParent" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>JsonPropertyInfo with name '{0}' for type '{1}' is already bound to different JsonTypeInfo.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="JsonTypeInfoUsedButTypeInfoResolverNotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Using JsonTypeInfo for serialization is not possible when TypeInfoResolver has not been set.</value>
+  </data>
 </root>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/Serialization/JsonSerializerOptions.cs b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/Serialization/JsonSerializerOptions.cs
index 63c9afc8207b4c..e624b8db4c1103 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/Serialization/JsonSerializerOptions.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/Serialization/JsonSerializerOptions.cs
@@ -655,6 +655,12 @@ internal void InitializeForReflectionSerializer()
         private JsonTypeInfo? GetTypeInfoInternal(Type type)
         {
             IJsonTypeInfoResolver? resolver = _effectiveJsonTypeInfoResolver ?? _typeInfoResolver;
+
+            if (resolver == null)
+            {
+                ThrowHelper.ThrowInvalidOperationException_JsonTypeInfoUsedButTypeInfoResolverNotSet();
+            }
+
             JsonTypeInfo? info = resolver?.GetTypeInfo(type, this);
 
             if (info != null)
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/ThrowHelper.Serialization.cs b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/ThrowHelper.Serialization.cs
index c774aaad5bca75..0f08484bdc69a2 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/ThrowHelper.Serialization.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/ThrowHelper.Serialization.cs
@@ -116,6 +116,12 @@ public static void ThrowInvalidOperationException_ResolverTypeInfoOptionsNotComp
             throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.ResolverTypeInfoOptionsNotCompatible);
         }
 
+        [DoesNotReturn]
+        public static void ThrowInvalidOperationException_JsonTypeInfoUsedButTypeInfoResolverNotSet()
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.JsonTypeInfoUsedButTypeInfoResolverNotSet);
+        }
+
         [DoesNotReturn]
         public static void ThrowInvalidOperationException_SerializationConverterOnAttributeInvalid(Type classType, MemberInfo? memberInfo)
         {
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/tests/System.Text.Json.Tests/Serialization/MetadataTests/DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolverTests.cs b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/tests/System.Text.Json.Tests/Serialization/MetadataTests/DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolverTests.cs
index a1b1b3d2cc0389..97e7f2b6e67cd9 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/tests/System.Text.Json.Tests/Serialization/MetadataTests/DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolverTests.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Text.Json/tests/System.Text.Json.Tests/Serialization/MetadataTests/DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolverTests.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 using System.Text;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.DotNet.RemoteExecutor;
 using Xunit;
 
 namespace System.Text.Json.Serialization.Tests
@@ -178,6 +179,79 @@ public static void ModifiersAreCalledAndModifyTypeInfos()
             Assert.True(secondModifierCalled);
         }
 
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
+        public static void StaticInitialization_SerializationWithJsonTypeInfoWithoutSettingTypeInfoResolverThrows()
+        {
+            RemoteExecutor.Invoke(static () =>
+            {
+                JsonSerializerOptions o = new();
+                DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolver r = new();
+                // note: TypeInfoResolver not set
+                JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass> ti = (JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass>)r.GetTypeInfo(typeof(SomeClass), o);
+                SomeClass obj = new()
+                {
+                    ObjProp = "test",
+                    IntProp = 42,
+                };
+
+                // TODO: reasses if this is expected behavior
+                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => JsonSerializer.Serialize(obj, ti));
+            }).Dispose();
+        }
+
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
+        public static void StaticInitialization_DeserializationWithJsonTypeInfoWithoutSettingTypeInfoResolverThrows()
+        {
+            RemoteExecutor.Invoke(static () =>
+            {
+                JsonSerializerOptions o = new();
+                DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolver r = new();
+                // note: TypeInfoResolver not set
+                JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass> ti = (JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass>)r.GetTypeInfo(typeof(SomeClass), o);
+
+                // TODO: reasses if this is expected behavior
+                string json = """{"ObjProp":"test","IntProp":42}""";
+                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(json, ti));
+            }).Dispose();
+        }
+
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
+        public static void StaticInitialization_SerializationWithJsonTypeInfoWhenTypeInfoResolverSetIsPossible()
+        {
+            RemoteExecutor.Invoke(static () =>
+            {
+                JsonSerializerOptions o = new();
+                DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolver r = new();
+                o.TypeInfoResolver = r;
+                JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass> ti = (JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass>)r.GetTypeInfo(typeof(SomeClass), o);
+                SomeClass obj = new()
+                {
+                    ObjProp = "test",
+                    IntProp = 42,
+                };
+
+                string json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(obj, ti);
+                Assert.Equal("""{"ObjProp":"test","IntProp":42}""", json);
+            }).Dispose();
+        }
+
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
+        public static void StaticInitialization_DeserializationWithJsonTypeInfoWhenTypeInfoResolverSetIsPossible()
+        {
+            RemoteExecutor.Invoke(static () =>
+            {
+                JsonSerializerOptions o = new();
+                DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolver r = new();
+                o.TypeInfoResolver = r;
+                JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass> ti = (JsonTypeInfo<SomeClass>)r.GetTypeInfo(typeof(SomeClass), o);
+                string json = """{"ObjProp":"test","IntProp":42}""";
+                SomeClass deserialized = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(json, ti);
+                Assert.IsType<JsonElement>(deserialized.ObjProp);
+                Assert.Equal("test", ((JsonElement)deserialized.ObjProp).GetString());
+                Assert.Equal(42, deserialized.IntProp);
+            }).Dispose();
+        }
+
         private static void InvokeGeneric(Type type, string methodName, params object[] args)
         {
             typeof(DefaultJsonTypeInfoResolverTests)