displays.py

# This file is part of pymadcad,  distributed under license LGPL v3

from math import log, exp, floor
from .mathutils import *
from .mesh import typedlist_to_numpy
from .rendering import Display, overrides, writeproperty
from .common import resourcedir
from . import settings
from . import primitives
from PIL import Image
import numpy.core as np
import moderngl as mgl

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QEvent


def shader_wire(scene):
	return scene.ctx.program(
				vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/wire.vert').read(),
				fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/wire.frag').read(),
				)
	
def shader_uniformcolor(scene):
	return scene.ctx.program(
				vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/uniformcolor.vert').read(),
				fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/uniformcolor.frag').read(),
				)


class PointDisplay(Display):
	def __init__(self, scene, position, size=10, color=None):
		self.position = fvec3(position)
		self.size = size
		self.selected = False
		self.color = fvec3(color or settings.colors['line'])
		
		def load(scene):
			img = Image.open(resourcedir+'/textures/point.png')
			texture = scene.ctx.texture(img.size, 1, img.convert('L').tobytes())
			#self.texture = scene.resource('pointtex', load)
			shader = scene.ctx.program(
						vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/pointhalo.vert').read(),
						fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/pointhalo.frag').read(),
						)
			shader['halotex'].value = 0
			ident_shader = scene.ctx.program(
						vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/pointhalo-ident.vert').read(),
						fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/ident.frag').read(),
						)
			#self.shader = scene.resource('pointhalo', load)
			vb = scene.ctx.buffer(np.array([(0,0), (0,1), (1,1), (0,0), (1,1), (1,0)], 'f4'))
			va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(shader, [(vb, '2f', 'v_uv')])
			va_ident = scene.ctx.vertex_array(ident_shader, [(vb, '2f', 'v_uv')])
			return texture, shader, va, ident_shader, va_ident
		
		(	self.texture, 
			self.shader, 
			self.va, 
			self.ident_shader, 
			self.va_ident	) = scene.resource('pointhalo', load)
			
	@property
	def box(self):
		return Box(center=self.position, width=fvec3(0))
	
	def render(self, view):
		self.shader['color'].write(fvec3(settings.display['select_color_line']) if self.selected else self.color)
		self.shader['position'].write(fvec3(self.world * fvec4(self.position,1)))
		self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'])
		self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		self.shader['ratio'] = (
				self.size / view.width(),
				self.size / view.height(),
				)
		self.texture.use(0)
		self.va.render(mgl.TRIANGLES)

	def identify(self, view):
		self.ident_shader['ident'] = view.identstep(1)
		self.ident_shader['position'].write(fvec3(self.world * fvec4(self.position,1)))
		self.ident_shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'])
		self.ident_shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		self.ident_shader['ratio'] = (
				1.5 * self.size / view.width(),
				1.5 * self.size / view.height(),
				)
		self.va_ident.render(mgl.TRIANGLES)
	
	def stack(self, scene):
		return ( ((), 'ident', 2, self.identify),
				 ((), 'screen', 2, self.render))


class AxisDisplay(Display):
	pattern = [0, 0.25, 0.45, 0.55, 0.75, 1]
	repetitions = 3
	def __init__(self, scene, axis, interval=None, color=None, pose=fmat4(1)):
		self.origin = fvec3(axis[0])
		self.direction = fvec3(axis[1])
		self.interval = interval
		self.color = fvec3(color or settings.colors['line'])
		self.selected = False
		self.box = Box(center=self.origin, width=fvec3(0))
		
		self.shader, self.va, self.ident_shader, self.va_ident = scene.resource('axis', self.load)
	
	def load(self, scene):
		shader = scene.ctx.program(
					vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/axis.vert').read(),
					fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/axis.frag').read(),
					)
		ident_shader = scene.ctx.program(
					vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/axis-ident.vert').read(),
					fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/ident.frag').read(),
					)
		pts = []
		for i in range(-1, self.repetitions+1):
			for pt in self.pattern:
				if i == -1:					alpha = pt
				elif i == self.repetitions:	alpha = 1-pt
				else:						alpha = 1
				pts.append(((pt+i)/self.repetitions, alpha))
		vb = scene.ctx.buffer(np.array(pts, 'f4'))
		va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(shader, [(vb, 'f f', 'v_absciss', 'v_alpha')])
		va_ident = scene.ctx.vertex_array(ident_shader, [(vb, 'f 12x', 'v_absciss')])
		return shader, va, ident_shader, va_ident
	
	def _disp_interval(self, view):
		if self.interval:	return self.interval
		else:
			size = -view.uniforms['view'][3][2]/6
			return (-0.5*size, size)
	
	def render(self, view):
		self.shader['projview'].write(view.uniforms['projview'])
		self.shader['world'].write(self.world)
		self.shader['origin'].write(self.origin)
		self.shader['direction'].write(self.direction)
		self.shader['interval'] = self._disp_interval(view)
		self.shader['color'].write(fvec3(settings.display['select_color_line']) if self.selected else self.color)
		self.va.render(mgl.LINES)
	
	def identify(self, view):
		self.ident_shader['projview'].write(view.uniforms['projview'])
		self.ident_shader['world'].write(self.world)
		self.ident_shader['origin'].write(self.origin)
		self.ident_shader['direction'].write(self.direction)
		self.ident_shader['interval'] = self._disp_interval(view)
		self.ident_shader['ident'] = view.identstep(1)
		self.va_ident.render(mgl.LINES)
	
	def stack(self, scene):
		return ( ((), 'ident', 2, self.identify),
				 ((), 'screen', 2, self.render))

def npboundingbox(points):
	''' boundingbox for numpy arrays of points on the 3 first components '''
	return Box(
				fvec3([float(np.min(points[:,i])) for i in range(3)]),
				fvec3([float(np.max(points[:,i])) for i in range(3)]),
				)

class AnnotationDisplay(Display):
	def __init__(self, scene, points, color):
		self.color = fvec3(color or settings.colors['annotation'])
		self.selected = False
		self.box = npboundingbox(points)
		# load shader
		def load(scene):
			return scene.ctx.program(
						vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/annotation.vert').read(),
						fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/annotation.frag').read(),
						)
		self.shader = scene.resource('shader_annotation', load)
		# allocate buffers
		self.vb_pts = scene.ctx.buffer(points)
		self.va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(self.shader, [(self.vb_pts, '3f f', 'v_position', 'v_alpha')])
		self.va_ident = scene.ctx.vertex_array(scene.resource('shader_ident'), [(self.vb_pts, '3f 4x', 'v_position')])
		
	def __del__(self):
		self.va.release()
		self.va_ident.release()
		self.vb_pts.release()
	
	@staticmethod
	def buff_ptsalpha(points, alpha):
		return np.hstack((
				np.array([tuple(p) for p in points], 'f4'), 
				np.array(alpha, 'f4', ndmin=2).transpose(),
				))

	def render(self, view):
		self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.world)
		self.shader['color'].write(self.color if not self.selected else fvec3(settings.display['select_color_line']))
		self.va.render(mgl.LINES)
	
	def identify(self, view):
		shader = view.scene.resource('shader_ident')
		shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.world)
		shader['ident'] = view.identstep(1)
		self.va_ident.render(mgl.LINES)
		
	def stack(self, scene):
		return ( ((), 'ident', 2, self.identify),
				 ((), 'screen', 2, self.render)) 


class BoxDisplay(AnnotationDisplay):
	def __init__(self, scene, box, color=None):
		# place points
		x,y,z = box.width
		c = 0.1*min(x,y,z)	# corner
		o = 0.4 # wire alpha
		pts = np.array([
			# corner
			(0,0,0,1),(c,0,0,1),
			(0,0,0,1),(0,c,0,1),
			(0,0,0,1),(0,0,2*c,1),
			
			# box wire
			(0,0,0,o),(x,0,0,o),
			(0,0,0,o),(0,y,0,o),
			(0,0,0,o),(0,0,z,o),
			
			(x,0,0,o),(x,y,0,o),
			(x,0,0,o),(x,0,z,o),
			(0,y,0,o),(x,y,0,o),
			(0,y,0,o),(0,y,z,o),
			(0,0,z,o),(x,0,z,o),
			(0,0,z,o),(0,y,z,o),
			
			(x,y,0,o),(x,y,z,o),
			(x,0,z,o),(x,y,z,o),
			(0,y,z,o),(x,y,z,o),
			], dtype='f4')
		pts += (*box.min, 0)
		self.textplace = box.min

		super().__init__(scene, pts, color)

from .mathutils import norminf, length2

class SolidDisplay(Display):
	''' Display render Meshes '''
	def __init__(self, scene, positions, normals, faces, lines, idents, color=None):
		self.box = npboundingbox(positions)
		self.options = scene.options
		
		color = fvec3(color or settings.colors['surface'])
		line = (	(length(settings.colors['line']) + dot(color-settings.colors['surface'], settings.colors['line']-settings.colors['surface']))
					* normalize(color + 1e-6)  )
		#if length(s['line_color']) > length(color)
		reflect = normalize(color + 1e-6) * settings.display['solid_reflectivity']
		
		self.vertices = Vertices(scene.ctx, positions, idents)
		self.disp_faces = FacesDisplay(scene, self.vertices, normals, faces, color=color, reflect=reflect, layer=0)
		self.disp_ghost = GhostDisplay(scene, self.vertices, normals, faces, color=line, layer=0)
		self.disp_groups = LinesDisplay(scene, self.vertices, lines, color=line, alpha=1, layer=-2e-6)
		self.disp_points = PointsDisplay(scene, self.vertices, range(len(positions)), layer=-3e-6)
		wire = []
		for f in faces:
			wire.append((f[0], f[1]))
			wire.append((f[1], f[2]))
			wire.append((f[2], f[0]))
		self.disp_wire = LinesDisplay(scene, self.vertices, wire, color=line, alpha=0.3, layer=-1e-6)
		
	def stack(self, scene):
		yield ((), 'screen', -1, self.vertices.prerender)
		if self.options['display_faces']:	
			yield ((), 'screen', 0, self.disp_faces.render)
			yield ((), 'ident', 0, self.disp_faces.identify)
		else:								
			yield ((), 'screen', 1, self.disp_ghost.render)
			yield ((), 'ident', 0, self.disp_ghost.identify)
		if self.options['display_groups']:	yield ((), 'screen', 1, self.disp_groups.render)
		if self.options['display_points']:	yield ((), 'screen', 2, self.disp_points.render)
		if self.options['display_wire']:	yield ((), 'screen', 2, self.disp_wire.render)
	
	@property
	def world(self):	return self.vertices.world
	@world.setter
	def world(self, value):	self.vertices.world = value

	#def control(self, view, key, sub, evt):
		#if evt.type() == QEvent.MouseButtonRelease and evt.button() == Qt.LeftButton:
			#sub = sub[0]
			#flags, idents = self.vertices.flags, self.vertices.idents
			#for i in range(len(idents)):
				#flags[i] ^= idents[i] == sub
			#self.vertices.flags_updated = True
			#view.update()
			#evt.accept()
	

class WebDisplay(Display):
	''' Display to render Webs '''
	def __init__(self, scene, positions, lines, points, idents, color=None):
		self.box = npboundingbox(positions)
		self.options = scene.options
		color = color or settings.colors['line']
		self.vertices = Vertices(scene.ctx, positions, idents)
		self.disp_edges = LinesDisplay(scene, self.vertices, lines, color=color, alpha=1, layer=-2e-6)
		self.disp_groups = PointsDisplay(scene, self.vertices, points, layer=-3e-6)
		self.disp_points = PointsDisplay(scene, self.vertices, range(len(positions)), layer=-1e-6)
		

	def stack(self, scene):
		yield ((), 'screen', -1, self.vertices.prerender)
		if self.options['display_groups']:		yield ((), 'screen', 2, self.disp_groups.render)
		if self.options['display_points']:		yield ((), 'screen', 2, self.disp_points.render)
		yield ((), 'screen', 1, self.disp_edges.render)
		yield ((), 'ident', 1, self.disp_edges.identify)
	
	@property
	def world(self):	return self.vertices.world
	@world.setter
	def world(self, value):	self.vertices.world = value

	#def control(self, view, key, sub, evt):
		#if evt.type() == QEvent.MouseButtonRelease and evt.button() == Qt.LeftButton:
			#sub = sub[0]
			#flags, idents = self.vertices.flags, self.vertices.idents
			#for i in range(len(idents)):
				#flags[i] ^= idents[i] == sub
			#self.vertices.flags_updated = True
			#view.update()
			#evt.accept()


class Vertices(object):
	''' convenient class to share vertices between SolidDisplay, WebDisplay, PointsDisplay '''
	def __init__(self, ctx, positions, idents):
		self.idents = idents
		self.nident = int(max(idents))+1
		self.flags = np.zeros(len(positions), dtype='u1')
		self.flags_updated = False
		assert len(idents) == len(positions)
		self.vb_positions = ctx.buffer(np.asarray(positions, dtype='f4', order='C'))
		self.vb_idents = ctx.buffer(np.asarray(idents, dtype='u2', order='C'))
		self.vb_flags = self.vb_flags = ctx.buffer(self.flags, dynamic=True)
		self.world = fmat4(1)
		
	def __del__(self):
		self.vb_positions.release()
		self.vb_idents.release()
		self.vb_flags.release()
		
	def prerender(self, view):
		if self.flags_updated:
			self.vb_flags.write(self.flags)
			self.flags_updated = False
	
	def selectsub(self, sub):
		for i,id in enumerate(self.idents):
			self.flags[i] ^= id == sub
		self.flags_updated = True
			


class FacesDisplay:
	def __init__(self, scene, vertices, normals, faces, color, reflect, layer=0):
		self.color = color
		self.layer = layer
		self.reflect = reflect
		self.vertices = vertices
	
		# load the skybox texture
		def load(scene):
			img = Image.open(resourcedir+'/textures/'+settings.display['solid_reflect'])
			return scene.ctx.texture(img.size, 3, img.tobytes())
		self.reflectmap = scene.resource('skybox', load)
		
		# load the shader
		def load(scene):
			shader = scene.ctx.program(
						vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/solid.vert').read(),
						fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/solid.frag').read(),
						)
			# setup some uniforms
			shader['reflectmap'] = 0
			return shader
		self.shader = scene.resource('shader_solid', load)
		self.ident_shader = scene.resource('shader_subident')
		# allocate buffers
		if faces is not None and len(faces) and vertices.vb_positions:
			self.vb_faces = scene.ctx.buffer(np.asarray(faces, 'u4', order='C'))
			self.vb_normals = scene.ctx.buffer(np.asarray(normals, 'f4', order='C'))
			self.va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
					self.shader, 
					[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'), 
						(self.vb_normals, '3f', 'v_normal'),
						(vertices.vb_flags, 'u1', 'v_flags')],
					self.vb_faces,
					)
			
			self.va_ident = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
					self.ident_shader, 
					[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'),
						(vertices.vb_idents, 'u2', 'item_ident')], 
					self.vb_faces,
					)
		else:
			self.va = None
			
	def __del__(self):
		if self.va:
			self.va.release()
			self.va_ident.release()
			self.vb_faces.release()
			self.vb_normals.release()
	
	def render(self, view):
		if self.va:
			# setup uniforms
			self.shader['select_color'].write(settings.display['select_color_face'])
			self.shader['min_color'].write(self.color * settings.display['solid_color_side'])
			self.shader['max_color'].write(self.color * settings.display['solid_color_front'])
			self.shader['refl_color'].write(self.reflect)
			self.shader['layer'] = self.layer
			self.shader['world'].write(self.vertices.world)
			self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'])
			self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			# render on self.context
			self.reflectmap.use(0)
			self.va.render(mgl.TRIANGLES)
	
	def identify(self, view):
		if self.va:
			self.ident_shader['layer'] = self.layer
			self.ident_shader['start_ident'] = view.identstep(self.vertices.nident)
			self.ident_shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.vertices.world)
			self.ident_shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			# render on self.context
			self.va_ident.render(mgl.TRIANGLES)

class GhostDisplay:
	def __init__(self, scene, vertices, normals, faces, color, layer=0):
		self.color = color
		self.layer = layer
		self.vertices = vertices
		
		# load the shader
		def load(scene):
			shader = scene.ctx.program(
						vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/solid.vert').read(),
						fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/ghost.frag').read(),
						)
			# setup some uniforms
			return shader
		self.shader = scene.resource('shader_ghost', load)
		self.ident_shader = scene.resource('shader_subident')
		# allocate buffers
		if faces is not None and len(faces) and vertices.vb_positions:
			self.vb_faces = scene.ctx.buffer(np.asarray(faces, 'u4', order='C'))
			self.vb_normals = scene.ctx.buffer(np.asarray(normals, 'f4', order='C'))
			self.va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
					self.shader, 
					[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'), 
						(self.vb_normals, '3f', 'v_normal'),
						(vertices.vb_flags, 'u1', 'v_flags')],
					self.vb_faces,
					)
			
			self.va_ident = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
					self.ident_shader, 
					[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'),
						(vertices.vb_idents, 'u2', 'item_ident')], 
					self.vb_faces,
					)
		else:
			self.va = None
			
	def __del__(self):
		if self.va:
			self.va.release()
			self.va_ident.release()
			self.vb_faces.release()
			self.vb_normals.release()
	
	def render(self, view):
		if self.va:
			# setup uniforms
			self.shader['select_color'].write(settings.display['select_color_line'])
			self.shader['normal_color'].write(self.color)
			self.shader['world'].write(self.vertices.world)
			self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'])
			self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			self.shader['layer'] = self.layer
			view.scene.ctx.disable(mgl.DEPTH_TEST)
			# render on self.context
			self.va.render(mgl.TRIANGLES)
			view.scene.ctx.enable(mgl.DEPTH_TEST)
	
	def identify(self, view):
		if self.va:
			self.ident_shader['start_ident'] = view.identstep(self.vertices.nident)
			self.ident_shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.vertices.world)
			self.ident_shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			self.ident_shader['layer'] = self.layer
			# render on self.context
			self.va_ident.render(mgl.TRIANGLES)
	
class LinesDisplay:
	def __init__(self, scene, vertices, lines, color, alpha=1, layer=0):
		self.layer = layer
		self.color = fvec4(fvec3(color), alpha)
		self.select_color = fvec4(settings.display['select_color_line'], alpha)
		self.vertices = vertices
		
		# load the line shader
		self.shader = scene.resource('shader_wire', shader_wire)
		self.ident_shader = scene.resource('shader_subident')
		if lines is not None and len(lines) and vertices.vb_positions:
			# allocate buffers
			self.vb_lines = scene.ctx.buffer(np.asarray(lines, dtype='u4', order='C'))
			self.va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
						self.shader,
						[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'),
							(vertices.vb_flags, 'u1', 'v_flags')],
						self.vb_lines,
						)
			self.va_ident = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
					self.ident_shader, 
					[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'),
						(vertices.vb_idents, 'u2', 'item_ident')], 
					self.vb_lines,
					)
		else:
			self.va = None
			
	def __del__(self):
		if self.va:
			self.va.release()
			self.va_ident.release()
			self.vb_lines.release()
	
	def render(self, view):
		if self.va:
			self.shader['color'].write(self.color)
			self.shader['select_color'].write(self.select_color)
			self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.vertices.world)
			self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			self.shader['layer'] = self.layer
			self.va.render(mgl.LINES)
		
	def identify(self, view):
		if self.va:
			self.ident_shader['start_ident'] = view.identstep(self.vertices.nident)
			self.ident_shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.vertices.world)
			self.ident_shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			self.ident_shader['layer'] = self.layer
			self.va_ident.render(mgl.LINES)
		
class PointsDisplay:
	def __init__(self, scene, vertices, indices=None, color=None, ptsize=3, layer=0):
		self.color = fvec4(color or settings.colors['point'], 1)
		self.select_color = fvec4(settings.display['select_color_line'], 1)
		self.ptsize = ptsize
		self.layer = layer
		self.vertices = vertices
		
		# load the line shader
		self.shader = scene.resource('shader_wire', shader_wire)
		self.ident_shader = scene.resource('shader_subident')
		# allocate GPU objects
		if indices is not None and len(indices) and vertices.vb_positions:
			self.vb_indices = scene.ctx.buffer(np.asarray(indices, dtype='u4', order='C'))
			self.va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
						self.shader,
						[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'),
							(vertices.vb_flags, 'u1', 'v_flags')],
						self.vb_indices,
						)
			self.va_ident = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
					self.ident_shader, 
					[	(vertices.vb_positions, '3f', 'v_position'),
						(vertices.vb_idents, 'u2', 'item_ident')], 
					self.vb_indices,
					)
		else:
			self.va = None
			
	def __del__(self):
		if self.va:
			self.va.release()
			self.va_ident.release()
			self.vb_indices.release()
	
	def render(self, view):
		if self.va:
			self.shader['layer'] = self.layer
			self.shader['color'].write(self.color)
			self.shader['select_color'].write(self.select_color)
			self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.vertices.world)
			self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			view.scene.ctx.point_size = self.ptsize
			self.va.render(mgl.POINTS)
	
	def identify(self, view):
		if self.va:
			scene.subident_shader['layer'] = self.layer
			scene.subident_shader['start_ident'] = view.identstep(self.vertices.nident)
			scene.subident_shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.vertices.world)
			scene.subident_shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
			view.ctx.point_size = self.ptsize
			self.va_ident.render(mgl.POINTS)

def digitfit(n):
	''' return the number of zeros in the digital representation of n '''
	s = 0
	while n:
		if not n%10:	s += 1
		n //=10
	return s

class GridDisplay(Display):
	''' display a grid clipped to the view, helping to appreciate distances
		The grid display distances in the plane of the `center` point
		
		:unit:      factor on the distance between dots
		:color:     base color of the grid, with an alpha channel
		:contrast:  contrast between the smallest division and the biggest
	'''
	def __init__(self, scene, center, unit=1, color=None, contrast=1.8):
		def load(scene):
			n = 101
			h = n//2
			pts = np.empty((n,n), dtype='f4, f4, f2')
			for i in range(n):
				for j in range(n):
					pts[i,j] = (i-h, j-h, (1+min(digitfit(i), digitfit(j))))
			
			shader = scene.ctx.program(
						vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/viewgrid.vert').read(),
						fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/viewgrid.frag').read(),
						)
			vb = scene.ctx.buffer(pts)
			va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(shader, [(vb, '2f4 f2', 'v_position', 'v_opacity')])
			return shader, va
		self.shader, self.va = scene.resource('viewgrid', load)
		self.unit = unit
		self.center = fvec3(center or 0)
		self.color = fvec4(color) if color else fvec4(settings.colors['point'],1)
		self.contrast = contrast
	
	def render(self, view):
		center = fvec3( view.uniforms['view'] * self.world * fvec4(self.center,1) )
		if not center.z < 0:	return
		zlog = log(-center.z)/log(10)
		sizelog = floor(zlog)
		
		view.scene.ctx.point_size = 1/400 * view.fb_screen.height
		self.shader['color'].write(fvec4(
				self.color.rgb, 
				self.color.a * exp(self.contrast*(-1+sizelog-zlog)),
				))
		self.shader['size'] = self.unit * 10**(sizelog-1)
		self.shader['centerdist'] = -center.z
		self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		self.shader['contrast'] = self.contrast
		self.va.render(mgl.POINTS)
	
	def stack(self, scene):
		return ((), 'screen', 3, self.render),
		

class SplineDisplay(Display):
	''' display for spline curve, with handles around'''
	def __init__(self, scene, handles, curve, color=None):
		self.color = color or fvec4(settings.colors['line'], 1)
		self.color_handles = fvec4(settings.colors['annotation'], 0.6)
		self.box = npboundingbox(handles)
		ctx = scene.ctx
		self.vb_handles = ctx.buffer(handles)
		self.vb_curve = ctx.buffer(curve)
		
		self.shader = scene.resource('shader_uniformcolor', shader_uniformcolor)
		self.va_handles = ctx.vertex_array(self.shader, [(self.vb_handles, '3f4', 'v_position')])
		self.va_curve = ctx.vertex_array(self.shader, [(self.vb_curve, '3f4', 'v_position')])
		
		self.shader_ident = scene.resource('shader_ident')
		self.va_ident = ctx.vertex_array(self.shader_ident, [(self.vb_curve, '3f4', 'v_position')])
		
	def __del__(self):
		self.va_handles.release()
		self.va_curve.release()
		self.va_ident.release()
		self.vb_handles.release()
		self.vb_curve.release()
		
	def render(self, view):
		self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.world)
		self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		view.scene.ctx.point_size = 4
		
		self.shader['layer'] = -2e-6
		self.shader['color'].write(self.color_handles if not self.selected else fvec4(settings.display['select_color_line'],self.color_handles[3]))
		self.va_handles.render(mgl.POINTS)
		self.va_handles.render(mgl.LINE_STRIP)
		
		self.shader['layer'] = -1e-6
		self.shader['color'].write(self.color if not self.selected else fvec4(settings.display['select_color_line'],self.color[3]))
		self.va_curve.render(mgl.LINE_STRIP)
		
	def identify(self, view):
		self.shader_ident['ident'] = view.identstep(1)
		self.shader_ident['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.world)
		self.shader_ident['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		self.va_ident.render(mgl.LINE_STRIP)
		
	def stack(self, scene):
		return (	((), 'screen', 1, self.render),
					((), 'ident', 1, self.identify)	)
					
					
					
class VoxelDisplay(Display):
	''' display a voxel as a scalar field.
		its opacity is computed using its density as absorbance.
		
		Parameters:
			
			voxel:	a numpy array with dimension 3, no specific value range is required
			
		Attributes:
		
			space:	transformation matrix from voxel normalized coordinates (position in the array as range 0-1) to local coordinates
			world:	transformation matrix from local to world coordinates
			value_range:	
				
				tuple `(min, max)`  giving the min and max values to display
				- values below min will be transparent
				- values above max will be fully opaq
				
			color_range:	tuple `(fvec4, fvec4)` of colors matching the value range bounds
		
		value examples:
		
			* value_range
			
				```
				(0.4, 0.9)  # erase the lower value and saturate the maxium ones
				```
				
			* color_range
			
				```
				(fvec4(0,0,1,1), fvec4(0,1,0,1))	 # blue-green
				(fvec4(0,0.5,1,1), fvec4(1,1,0,1))   # lightblue-yellow
				(fvec4(1,0,0.3,1), fvec4(1,1,0,1))   # red-yellow
				(fvec4(0,0,1,1), fvec4(1,0.5,0.1,1)) # blue-orange
				(fvec4(0,0,1,1), fvec4(1,0.1,0.1,1)) # blue-red
				(fvec4(0,0,0,1), fvec4(1,1,1,1))     # black-white
				(fvec4(1,1,1,1), fvec4(1,1,1,1))     # white-white
				```
	'''
	def __init__(self, scene, voxel: 'ndarray', space: 'fmat4', 
				value=(0, 1), 
				color=(fvec4(0,0,1,1), fvec4(0,1,0,1))):
		
		self.voxel = scene.ctx.texture3d(
			voxel.shape, 
			1, 
			voxel.transpose(2,1,0).copy().astype('f2'),  # axis permutation for opengl
			dtype='f2',
			)
		self.voxel.repeat_x = False
		self.voxel.repeat_y = False
		self.voxel.repeat_z = False
		self.space = space
		self.value_range = value
		self.color_range = color

		def load(scene):
			from . import generation
			
			# load shader
			shader = scene.ctx.program(
						vertex_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/voxel.vert').read(),
						fragment_shader=open(resourcedir+'/shaders/voxel.frag').read(),
						)
			# load vertex buffer for the brick
			brick = generation.brick(min=vec3(0), max=vec3(1)) .flip()
			pts = typedlist(vec3)
			for face in brick.faces:
				pts.extend(brick.facepoints(face))
			vb = scene.ctx.buffer(typedlist_to_numpy(pts, 'f4'))
			
			return shader, vb
		
		self.shader, self.vb = scene.resource('shader_voxel', load)
		self.va = scene.ctx.vertex_array(
				self.shader,
				[(self.vb, '3f', 'v_position')],
				)
				
	def __del__(self):
		self.va.release()
		self.voxel.release()

	def render(self, view):
		view.scene.ctx.enable(mgl.DEPTH_TEST | mgl.CULL_FACE)
		self.shader['value_min'] = self.value_range[0]
		self.shader['value_max'] = self.value_range[1]
		self.shader['color_min'].write(self.color_range[0])
		self.shader['color_max'].write(self.color_range[1])
		self.shader['view'].write(view.uniforms['view'] * self.world * self.space)
		self.shader['proj'].write(view.uniforms['proj'])
		self.voxel.use(0)
		self.va.render(mgl.TRIANGLES)
		
	def stack(self, scene):
		return ((), 'screen', 10, self.render),




def tupledisplay(scene, t):
	if primitives.isaxis(t):	return AxisDisplay(scene, t)
	# if not found: empty display
	return Display()

overrides.update({
	vec3:   PointDisplay,
	tuple:  tupledisplay,
	Box:    BoxDisplay,
	})