diff --git a/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestAdapter.ts b/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestAdapter.ts
index 51e6621e1347..79da4ab6f3ce 100644
--- a/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestAdapter.ts
@@ -72,10 +72,7 @@ const jestAdapter = async (
   });
 
   for (const path of config.setupFilesAfterEnv) {
-    const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
-      path,
-      config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
-    );
+    const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(path);
 
     if (esm) {
       await runtime.unstable_importModule(path);
@@ -83,10 +80,7 @@ const jestAdapter = async (
       runtime.requireModule(path);
     }
   }
-  const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
-    testPath,
-    config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
-  );
+  const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(testPath);
 
   if (esm) {
     await runtime.unstable_importModule(testPath);
diff --git a/packages/jest-jasmine2/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-jasmine2/src/index.ts
index 0ff9f58646f2..7929173509b1 100644
--- a/packages/jest-jasmine2/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-jasmine2/src/index.ts
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ export default async function jasmine2(
   for (const path of config.setupFilesAfterEnv) {
     const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
       path,
-      config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
     );
 
     if (esm) {
@@ -167,7 +166,6 @@ export default async function jasmine2(
   }
   const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
     testPath,
-    config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
   );
 
   if (esm) {
diff --git a/packages/jest-repl/src/cli/runtime-cli.ts b/packages/jest-repl/src/cli/runtime-cli.ts
index dc8557da20cf..1eae32cd1b17 100644
--- a/packages/jest-repl/src/cli/runtime-cli.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-repl/src/cli/runtime-cli.ts
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ export async function run(
     for (const path of config.setupFiles) {
       const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
         path,
-        config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
       );
 
       if (esm) {
@@ -110,7 +109,6 @@ export async function run(
     }
     const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
       filePath,
-      config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
     );
 
     if (esm) {
diff --git a/packages/jest-runner/src/runTest.ts b/packages/jest-runner/src/runTest.ts
index 4d1351f3691a..9e92c48e20c6 100644
--- a/packages/jest-runner/src/runTest.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-runner/src/runTest.ts
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ async function runTestInternal(
   for (const path of config.setupFiles) {
     const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
       path,
-      config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
     );
 
     if (esm) {
diff --git a/packages/jest-runtime/src/__mocks__/createRuntime.js b/packages/jest-runtime/src/__mocks__/createRuntime.js
index 3e371b859671..38dbc9c27df4 100644
--- a/packages/jest-runtime/src/__mocks__/createRuntime.js
+++ b/packages/jest-runtime/src/__mocks__/createRuntime.js
@@ -118,7 +118,6 @@ module.exports = async function createRuntime(filename, config) {
   for (const path of config.setupFiles) {
     const esm = runtime.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
       path,
-      config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
     );
 
     if (esm) {
diff --git a/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
index 1ea475c10406..5a03bd290b1a 100644
--- a/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
@@ -363,7 +363,12 @@ export default class Runtime {
   }
 
   // unstable as it should be replaced by https://github.com/nodejs/modules/issues/393, and we don't want people to use it
-  unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm = Resolver.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm;
+  unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(path: Config.Path): boolean {
+    return Resolver.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
+      path,
+      this._config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
+    );
+  }
 
   private async loadEsmModule(
     modulePath: Config.Path,
@@ -499,10 +504,7 @@ export default class Runtime {
 
     if (
       this._resolver.isCoreModule(resolved) ||
-      this.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(
-        resolved,
-        this._config.extensionsToTreatAsEsm,
-      )
+      this.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(resolved)
     ) {
       return this.loadEsmModule(resolved, query, isStaticImport);
     }