diff --git a/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
index 6cf2bb9dbf90..a3356062eb0c 100644
--- a/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts
@@ -648,14 +648,16 @@ export default class Runtime {
     const isSourceTextModule = (module: unknown): module is SourceTextModule =>
       module instanceof SourceTextModule;
 
-    if (
+    invariant(
       isSourceTextModule(evaluatedModule) &&
-      evaluatedModule.namespace.default !== undefined
-    ) {
-      return {default: evaluatedModule.namespace.default};
-    }
+        evaluatedModule.namespace.default !== undefined,
+      `"${path.relative(
+        '',
+        evaluatedModule.identifier,
+      )}" must be a node module with default export.`,
+    );
 
-    throw new Error(`Module ${from} must have default export.`);
+    return {default: evaluatedModule.namespace.default};
   }
 
   private loadCjsAsEsm(