feat(Linux): switch from temurin base images to temurin installer

[lemeurherve]

This PR switches from temurin base images to the temurin installer in Linux images.

Benefits:

• Less layers to pull
• Faster availability as we don't need to wait for every kind of images (OS/architecture) to be released
• Simpler updatecli manifests

Notes:

• Reuse the jdk-download scripts introduced in chore(linux): Switch from Temurin base images to Temurin JDK binaries docker#1847
• The JDK21 preview build failed with the jdk download scripts, kept as is since it's already a bit different than the other Linux Dockerfiles.
• Extracted in chore: jlink improvements from jenkinsci/docker #799:
  • Removed the TARGETPLATFORM check in Alpine images as we're not publishing any arm/v7 image of this kind
  • Integrate jlink improvements from chore: keep only one Dockerfile per Linux image variant docker#1857

Ref:

• Release of jenkins/* container images on DockerHub errors with HTTP/429 jenkins-infra/helpdesk#4029 (comment)

Testing done

Local builds + CI

Submitter checklist

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1. Make sure you are opening from a topic/feature/bugfix branch (right side) and not your main branch!
2. Ensure that the pull request title represents the desired changelog entry
3. Please describe what you did
4. Link to relevant issues in GitHub or Jira
5. Link to relevant pull requests, esp. upstream and downstream changes
6. Ensure you have provided tests - that demonstrates feature works or fixes the issue

[dduportal]

Given the size of the PR (which will make it a nightmare to review), how do you feel about splitting Linux/Windows into 2 distinct PRs so we can focus on 1 paltform then on the other?

[lemeurherve]

Given the size of the PR (which will make it a nightmare to review), how do you feel about splitting Linux/Windows into 2 distinct PRs so we can focus on 1 paltform then on the other?

You were the one saying that all images should be done at once, as you want ^^
EDIT: misheard you, you were speaking about coordinate releases.

For the record, all images have been switched, with the Windows ones using the "happy path" of Adoptium API.

[lemeurherve]

Note that splitting this PR in two parts will result in updatecli failing until both will be merged: I'm using the original version containing +, not converted to _.

Also, that PR is (IMO) not that much complicated:

• All Linux image changes are more or less the same, with a code already present elsewhere and in this repo history.
• The Windows images needed a new parameter passed at test time, the JAVA_VERSION

Happy to do an interactive review if needed, can also split the PR anyway, your call 🙂

[dduportal]

#787 has been merged: you can proceed with this one (gotta spend some time on it to ensure it is delivered soon).