diff --git a/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_forwarding.py b/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_forwarding.py
index d93d84ee12f5..db5a9dc9359f 100644
--- a/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_forwarding.py
+++ b/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_forwarding.py
@@ -211,8 +211,11 @@ def _pjit_key_type_signature(eqn, args_consumed):
   jaxpr = eqn.params['jaxpr']
   forwarded_inputs = {i: eqn.invars.index(var) for i, var in enumerate(eqn.invars)
                       if var in eqn.invars[:i]}
-  return get_jaxpr_type_signature(jaxpr.jaxpr, consumed_inputs=args_consumed,
-                                  forwarded_inputs=forwarded_inputs)
+  sig = get_jaxpr_type_signature(jaxpr.jaxpr)
+  if args_consumed and any(np.any(args_consumed[s.idx] & s.mask) for s in sig.sinks):
+    # Double consumption detected: re-trace with context for better errors.
+    get_jaxpr_type_signature(jaxpr.jaxpr, args_consumed, forwarded_inputs)
+  return sig
 
 key_reuse_signatures_dynamic[pjit.pjit_p] = _pjit_key_type_signature
 
diff --git a/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_simple.py b/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_simple.py
index 62a43aa126a0..edc4f2a460db 100644
--- a/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_simple.py
+++ b/jax/experimental/key_reuse/_simple.py
@@ -183,7 +183,11 @@ def _pjit_key_type_signature(eqn, args_consumed):
   non_literal_invars = [v for v in eqn.invars if not isinstance(v, core.Literal)]
   if len(set(non_literal_invars)) != len(non_literal_invars):
     raise ValueError(f"pjit with duplicate inputs: {eqn.invars=}")
-  return get_jaxpr_type_signature(jaxpr.jaxpr, consumed_inputs=args_consumed)
+  sig = get_jaxpr_type_signature(jaxpr.jaxpr)
+  if args_consumed and any(np.any(args_consumed[s.idx] & s.mask) for s in sig.sinks):
+    # Double consumption detected: re-trace with context for better errors.
+    get_jaxpr_type_signature(jaxpr.jaxpr, args_consumed)
+  return sig
 
 key_reuse_signatures_dynamic[pjit.pjit_p] = _pjit_key_type_signature
 
diff --git a/tests/key_reuse_test.py b/tests/key_reuse_test.py
index 4877d2e5d1a8..5ebecf4d4e19 100644
--- a/tests/key_reuse_test.py
+++ b/tests/key_reuse_test.py
@@ -573,6 +573,7 @@ class KeyReuseIntegrationTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
   random_bits_error = "In random_bits, key values .+ are already consumed.*"
   random_split_error = "In random_split, key values .+ are already consumed.*"
   generic_error = ".*key values .+ are already consumed.*"
+  pjit_error = "In pjit, key values a are already consumed."
 
   def check_key_reuse(self, f, *args):
     if self.use_forwarding:
@@ -782,6 +783,18 @@ def body_fun(i):
     with self.assertRaisesRegex(KeyReuseError, "while_loop cond function leads to key reuse"):
       self.check_key_reuse(f, 0)
 
+  def test_pjit_consumed_input(self):
+    @jax.jit
+    def g(key, x):  # doesn't consume key
+      return x
+
+    def f(seed):
+      key = jax.random.key(seed)
+      x = jax.random.bits(key)
+      return g(key, x)
+
+    self.check_key_reuse(f, 0)
+
 
 class KeyReuseIntegrationTestSimple(KeyReuseIntegrationTest):
   use_forwarding = False