der_snr.py

'''
A spectral Signal-to-Noise ratio calculator, as set forth by the 
 Spectral Container Working Group of ST-ECF, MAST and CADC.
'''
# =====================================================================================

def DER_SNR(flux):
   
# =====================================================================================
   """
   DESCRIPTION This function computes the signal to noise ratio DER_SNR following the
               definition set forth by the Spectral Container Working Group of ST-ECF,
	       MAST and CADC. 

               signal = median(flux)      
               noise  = 1.482602 / sqrt(6) median(abs(2 flux_i - flux_i-2 - flux_i+2))
	       snr    = signal / noise
               values with padded zeros are skipped

   USAGE       snr = DER_SNR(flux)
   PARAMETERS  none
   INPUT       flux (the computation is unit independent)
   OUTPUT      the estimated signal-to-noise ratio [dimensionless]
   USES        numpy      
   NOTES       The DER_SNR algorithm is an unbiased estimator describing the spectrum 
	       as a whole as long as
               * the noise is uncorrelated in wavelength bins spaced two pixels apart
               * the noise is Normal distributed
               * for large wavelength regions, the signal over the scale of 5 or
	         more pixels can be approximated by a straight line
 
               For most spectra, these conditions are met.

   REFERENCES  * ST-ECF Newsletter, Issue #42:
               www.spacetelescope.org/about/further_information/newsletters/html/newsletter_42.html
               * Software:
	       www.stecf.org/software/ASTROsoft/DER_SNR/
   AUTHOR      Felix Stoehr, ST-ECF
               24.05.2007, fst, initial import
               01.01.2007, fst, added more help text
               28.04.2010, fst, return value is a float now instead of a numpy.float64
   """
   from numpy import array, where, median, abs 

   flux = array(flux)

   # Values that are exactly zero (padded) are skipped
   flux = array(flux[where(flux != 0.0)])
   n    = len(flux)      

   # For spectra shorter than this, no value can be returned
   if (n>4):
      signal = median(flux)

      noise  = 0.6052697 * median(abs(2.0 * flux[2:n-2] - flux[0:n-4] - flux[4:n]))

      return float(signal / noise)  

   else:

      return 0.0

# end DER_SNR -------------------------------------------------------------------------