From 26f15e16c631c62fed86ed762cabb87de8d7a255 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Youngone Lee <youngone.lee@accenture.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2021 12:25:56 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] refactor: typecast to adapt to typescript v4.4

Signed-off-by: Youngone Lee <youngone.lee@accenture.com>
---
 .../admin-enroll-v1-endpoint.test.ts          | 11 +--
 .../dao-token/get-allowance-endpoint.ts       |  2 +-
 .../enroll-admin-v1-endpoint.ts               |  2 +-
 .../insert-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts         |  2 +-
 .../web-services/insert-bookshelf-endpoint.ts |  2 +-
 .../web-services/insert-shipment-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../list-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts           |  2 +-
 .../web-services/list-bookshelf-endpoint.ts   |  2 +-
 .../web-services/list-shipment-endpoint.ts    |  2 +-
 .../typescript/plugin-object-store-ipfs.ts    | 14 +++-
 .../web-services/get-object-endpoint-v1.ts    |  2 +-
 .../web-services/has-object-endpoint-v1.ts    |  2 +-
 .../web-services/set-object-endpoint-v1.ts    |  2 +-
 package.json                                  |  2 +-
 .../typescript/default-consortium-provider.ts |  2 +-
 .../default-consortium-provider.test.ts       | 15 ++--
 .../src/main/typescript/api-server.ts         |  9 ++-
 .../main/typescript/config/config-service.ts  |  4 +-
 .../watch-healthcheck-v1-endpoint.ts          |  2 +-
 .../web-services/deploy-contract-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../unprotected-action-endpoint.ts            |  2 +-
 ...t-endpoint-authz-scope-enforcement.test.ts | 14 ++--
 .../src/main/typescript/servers.ts            |  2 +-
 .../register-web-service-endpoint.ts          |  2 +-
 .../get-consortium-jws-endpoint-v1.ts         |  4 +-
 .../consortium/get-node-jws-endpoint-v1.ts    |  4 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../get-single-status-endpoint.ts             |  2 +-
 .../web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts       |  2 +-
 .../web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts       |  2 +-
 .../web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts     |  2 +-
 .../web-services/refund-endpoint.ts           |  2 +-
 .../web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts         |  2 +-
 .../get-single-status-endpoint.ts             |  2 +-
 .../web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts       |  2 +-
 .../web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts       |  2 +-
 .../web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts     |  2 +-
 .../web-services/refund-endpoint.ts           |  2 +-
 .../web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts         |  2 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../main/typescript/plugin-keychain-vault.ts  |  4 +-
 .../delete-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts      |  2 +-
 .../get-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts         |  2 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../has-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts         |  2 +-
 .../set-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts         |  2 +-
 .../openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts        | 32 ++++-----
 ...loy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts |  2 +-
 .../web-services/get-balance-endpoint.ts      |  2 +-
 .../get-besu-record-endpoint-v1.ts            |  2 +-
 .../web-services/get-block-v1-endpoint-.ts    |  2 +-
 .../web-services/get-past-logs-endpoint.ts    |  2 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../web-services/get-transaction-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../sign-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts           |  4 +-
 .../deploy-contract-jars-endpoint.ts          |  4 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../invoke-contract-endpoint-v1.ts            |  4 +-
 .../deploy-contract-go-source-endpoint-v1.ts  |  4 +-
 .../deploy-contract-endpoint-v1.ts            |  4 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../plugin-ledger-connector-fabric.ts         | 12 ++--
 .../run-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts            |  4 +-
 .../plugin-ledger-connector-iroha.ts          | 68 +++++++++----------
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts  |  4 +-
 .../plugin-ledger-connector-quorum.ts         |  2 +-
 ...-solidity-bytecode-endpoint-json-object.ts |  2 +-
 ...loy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts |  2 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../invoke-contract-endpoint-json-object.ts   |  2 +-
 .../web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts        | 24 +++----
 ...loy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts |  2 +-
 ...prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts |  4 +-
 .../web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts  |  2 +-
 .../openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts        | 24 +++----
 .../openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts        |  8 +--
 .../initialize-endpoint.test.ts               |  2 +-
 .../new-contract-endpoint.test.ts             |  2 +-
 .../refund-endpoint.test.ts                   |  2 +-
 .../withdraw-endpoint.test.ts                 |  2 +-
 ...get-single-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts |  2 +-
 .../get-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts       |  2 +-
 .../new-contract-endpoint-invalid.test.ts     |  2 +-
 .../refund-endpoint-invalid.test.ts           |  2 +-
 .../withdraw-endpoint-invalid.test.ts         |  2 +-
 .../sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts         |  8 ++-
 .../v21-sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts     |  8 ++-
 .../src/main/typescript/common/containers.ts  |  9 ++-
 .../fabric/fabric-test-ledger-v1.ts           | 10 +--
 .../typescript/quorum/quorum-test-ledger.ts   |  4 +-
 .../integration/common/containers.test.ts     |  8 ++-
 yarn.lock                                     |  5 ++
 99 files changed, 269 insertions(+), 216 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-backend/src/test/typescript/integration/admin-enroll-v1-endpoint.test.ts b/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-backend/src/test/typescript/integration/admin-enroll-v1-endpoint.test.ts
index b6837462080..c00be6b4834 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-backend/src/test/typescript/integration/admin-enroll-v1-endpoint.test.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-backend/src/test/typescript/integration/admin-enroll-v1-endpoint.test.ts
@@ -157,14 +157,17 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
     t.fail("enroll admin response status === 403 FAIL");
   } catch (out) {
     t.ok(out, "error thrown for forbidden endpoint truthy OK");
-    t.ok(out.response, "enroll admin response truthy OK");
+    t.ok((out as any).response, "enroll admin response truthy OK");
     t.equal(
-      out.response.status,
+      (out as any).response.status,
       StatusCodes.FORBIDDEN,
       "enroll admin response status === 403 OK",
     );
-    t.notok(out.response.data.data, "out.response.data.data falsy OK");
-    t.notok(out.response.data.success, "out.response.data.success falsy OK");
+    t.notok((out as any).response.data.data, "out.response.data.data falsy OK");
+    t.notok(
+      (out as any).response.data.success,
+      "out.response.data.success falsy OK",
+    );
   }
 
   t.end();
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/dao-token/get-allowance-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/dao-token/get-allowance-endpoint.ts
index 9d4c468e641..bc95eb0bb8a 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/dao-token/get-allowance-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/dao-token/get-allowance-endpoint.ts
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export class GetAllowanceEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/utility-emissions-channel/enroll-admin-v1-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/utility-emissions-channel/enroll-admin-v1-endpoint.ts
index 7f5bb9dc987..42603fe41f3 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/utility-emissions-channel/enroll-admin-v1-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-carbon-accounting-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/utility-emissions-channel/enroll-admin-v1-endpoint.ts
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export class EnrollAdminV1Endpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts
index b398a17eac9..0cd8740d5e6 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export class InsertBambooHarvestEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bookshelf-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bookshelf-endpoint.ts
index 00bdc60c96c..24b2dc287e0 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bookshelf-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-bookshelf-endpoint.ts
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export class InsertBookshelfEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-shipment-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-shipment-endpoint.ts
index 24fe108860e..881b0bd8eb0 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-shipment-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/insert-shipment-endpoint.ts
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export class InsertShipmentEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts
index 246f9c6ce65..d750d040b1a 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bamboo-harvest-endpoint.ts
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ export class ListBambooHarvestEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bookshelf-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bookshelf-endpoint.ts
index 06d6323c84b..0d5d0c3dc54 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bookshelf-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-bookshelf-endpoint.ts
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export class ListBookshelfEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-shipment-endpoint.ts b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-shipment-endpoint.ts
index 0a08d7fc8b2..bf84ca09700 100644
--- a/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-shipment-endpoint.ts
+++ b/examples/cactus-example-supply-chain-business-logic-plugin/src/main/typescript/business-logic-plugin/web-services/list-shipment-endpoint.ts
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export class ListShipmentEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/plugin-object-store-ipfs.ts b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/plugin-object-store-ipfs.ts
index d28a32d1a17..0afa40b6514 100644
--- a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/plugin-object-store-ipfs.ts
+++ b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/plugin-object-store-ipfs.ts
@@ -156,12 +156,17 @@ export class PluginObjectStoreIpfs implements IPluginObjectStore {
       this.log.debug(`StatResult for ${req.key}: %o`, statResult);
       return { key: req.key, checkedAt, isPresent: true };
     } catch (ex) {
-      if (ex?.stack?.includes(K_IPFS_JS_HTTP_ERROR_FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST)) {
+      if (
+        (ex as Error)?.stack?.includes(K_IPFS_JS_HTTP_ERROR_FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST)
+      ) {
         const msg = `Stat ${req.key} failed with error message containing phrase "${K_IPFS_JS_HTTP_ERROR_FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST}" Returning isPresent=false ...`;
         this.log.debug(msg);
         return { key: req.key, checkedAt, isPresent: false };
       } else {
-        throw new RuntimeError(`Checking presence of ${req.key} crashed:`, ex);
+        throw new RuntimeError(
+          `Checking presence of ${req.key} crashed:`,
+          ex as Error,
+        );
       }
     }
   }
@@ -176,7 +181,10 @@ export class PluginObjectStoreIpfs implements IPluginObjectStore {
         parents: true,
       });
     } catch (ex) {
-      throw new RuntimeError(`Can't set object ${keyPath}. Write failed:`, ex);
+      throw new RuntimeError(
+        `Can't set object ${keyPath}. Write failed:`,
+        ex as Error,
+      );
     }
     return {
       key: req.key,
diff --git a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-object-endpoint-v1.ts b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-object-endpoint-v1.ts
index 6003ffef6e7..6bef5239db5 100644
--- a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-object-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-object-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export class GetObjectEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-object-endpoint-v1.ts b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-object-endpoint-v1.ts
index c7ba9589303..8124069c20a 100644
--- a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-object-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-object-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export class HasObjectEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-object-endpoint-v1.ts b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-object-endpoint-v1.ts
index 2abae0dd400..d8e1b07014c 100644
--- a/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-object-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/extensions/cactus-plugin-object-store-ipfs/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-object-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export class SetObjectEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 9bdc9ef6c6e..5e25d339735 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
     "tape-promise": "4.0.0",
     "ts-loader": "9.2.5",
     "ts-node": "10.2.0",
-    "typescript": "4.3.5",
+    "typescript": "4.4.3",
     "webpack": "5.50.0",
     "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "4.4.2",
     "webpack-cli": "4.7.2"
diff --git a/packages/cactus-api-client/src/main/typescript/default-consortium-provider.ts b/packages/cactus-api-client/src/main/typescript/default-consortium-provider.ts
index bc2819efd01..9db359fff54 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-api-client/src/main/typescript/default-consortium-provider.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-api-client/src/main/typescript/default-consortium-provider.ts
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export class DefaultConsortiumProvider
       const res = await this.options.apiClient.getConsortiumJwsV1();
       return this.parseConsortiumJws(res.data);
     } catch (ex) {
-      const innerException = (ex.toJSON && ex.toJSON()) || ex;
+      const innerException = ((ex as any).toJSON && (ex as any).toJSON()) || ex;
       this.log.error(`Request for Consortium JWS failed: `, innerException);
       throw ex;
     }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-api-client/src/test/typescript/integration/default-consortium-provider.test.ts b/packages/cactus-api-client/src/test/typescript/integration/default-consortium-provider.test.ts
index ba910ff1342..605fa89eebe 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-api-client/src/test/typescript/integration/default-consortium-provider.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-api-client/src/test/typescript/integration/default-consortium-provider.test.ts
@@ -33,13 +33,16 @@ test("Reports failures with meaningful information", async (t: Test) => {
       t2.fail("Provider.get() did not throw despite API errors.");
     } catch (ex) {
       t2.ok(ex, "Thrown error truthy OK");
-      t2.ok(ex.message, "Thrown error.message truthy OK");
+      t2.ok((ex as Error).message, "Thrown error.message truthy OK");
       t2.equal(
-        typeof ex.message,
+        typeof (ex as Error).message,
         "string",
         "Thrown error.message type string OK",
       );
-      t2.true(ex.message.includes("timeout"), "Has timeout in msg OK");
+      t2.true(
+        (ex as Error).message.includes("timeout"),
+        "Has timeout in msg OK",
+      );
     }
     t2.end();
   });
@@ -58,14 +61,14 @@ test("Reports failures with meaningful information", async (t: Test) => {
       t2.fail("Provider.get() did not throw despite API errors.");
     } catch (ex) {
       t2.ok(ex, "Thrown error truthy OK");
-      t2.ok(ex.message, "Thrown error.message truthy OK");
+      t2.ok((ex as Error).message, "Thrown error.message truthy OK");
       t2.equal(
-        typeof ex.message,
+        typeof (ex as Error).message,
         "string",
         "Thrown error.message type string OK",
       );
       t2.true(
-        ex.message.includes("status code 404"),
+        (ex as Error).message.includes("status code 404"),
         "Has Status Code in msg OK",
       );
     }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts
index 0757ada57b7..f4fcb12a754 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ export class ApiServer {
 
       return { addressInfoCockpit, addressInfoApi, addressInfoGrpc };
     } catch (ex) {
-      const errorMessage = `Failed to start ApiServer: ${ex.stack}`;
+      const errorMessage = `Failed to start ApiServer: ${(ex as Error).stack}`;
       this.log.error(errorMessage);
       this.log.error(`Attempting shutdown...`);
       try {
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ export class ApiServer {
     } catch (ex) {
       const errorMessage =
         "Could not create plugin installation directory, check the file-system permissions.";
-      throw new RuntimeError(errorMessage, ex);
+      throw new RuntimeError(errorMessage, ex as Error);
     }
     try {
       lmify.setPackageManager("npm");
@@ -355,7 +355,10 @@ export class ApiServer {
       }
       this.log.info(`Installed ${pkgName} OK`);
     } catch (ex) {
-      throw new RuntimeError(`${fnTag} plugin install fail: ${pkgName}`, ex);
+      throw new RuntimeError(
+        `${fnTag} plugin install fail: ${pkgName}`,
+        ex as Error,
+      );
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/config/config-service.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/config/config-service.ts
index 63e9fff734c..38b31056f9b 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/config/config-service.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/config/config-service.ts
@@ -624,7 +624,9 @@ export class ConfigService {
     try {
       JWS.verify(jws, keyPair);
     } catch (ex) {
-      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Invalid key pair PEM: ${ex && ex.stack}`);
+      throw new Error(
+        `${fnTag} Invalid key pair PEM: ${ex && (ex as Error).stack}`,
+      );
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/web-services/watch-healthcheck-v1-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/web-services/watch-healthcheck-v1-endpoint.ts
index c6db12eea01..db6f5bc3cee 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/web-services/watch-healthcheck-v1-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/web-services/watch-healthcheck-v1-endpoint.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export class WatchHealthcheckV1Endpoint {
         socket.emit(WatchHealthcheckV1.Next, next);
       } catch (ex) {
         log.error(`Failed to construct health check response:`, ex);
-        socket.emit(WatchHealthcheckV1.Error, ex);
+        socket.emit(WatchHealthcheckV1.Error, ex as Error);
         clearInterval(timerId);
       }
     }, 1000);
diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/deploy-contract-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/deploy-contract-endpoint.ts
index a635c6cc8e8..dab841b1404 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/deploy-contract-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/deploy-contract-endpoint.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export class DeployContractEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
index a65646909c3..372b3587edd 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/unprotected-action-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/unprotected-action-endpoint.ts
index 7b0b9d6b0bb..41a7699402b 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/unprotected-action-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/fixtures/plugin-ledger-connector-stub/web-services/unprotected-action-endpoint.ts
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ export class UnprotectedActionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/integration/jwt-endpoint-authz-scope-enforcement.test.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/integration/jwt-endpoint-authz-scope-enforcement.test.ts
index 1bb8aa70ce8..e2c4bff1165 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/integration/jwt-endpoint-authz-scope-enforcement.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/test/typescript/integration/jwt-endpoint-authz-scope-enforcement.test.ts
@@ -143,14 +143,20 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       t.fail("deploy contract response status === 403 FAIL");
     } catch (out) {
       t.ok(out, "error thrown for forbidden endpoint truthy OK");
-      t.ok(out.response, "deploy contract response truthy OK");
+      t.ok((out as any).response, "deploy contract response truthy OK");
       t.equal(
-        out.response.status,
+        (out as any).response.status,
         StatusCodes.FORBIDDEN,
         "deploy contract response status === 403 OK",
       );
-      t.notok(out.response.data.data, "out.response.data.data falsy OK");
-      t.notok(out.response.data.success, "out.response.data.success falsy OK");
+      t.notok(
+        (out as any).response.data.data,
+        "(out as any).response.data.data falsy OK",
+      );
+      t.notok(
+        (out as any).response.data.success,
+        "(out as any).response.data.success falsy OK",
+      );
     }
     t.end();
   } catch (ex) {
diff --git a/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/servers.ts b/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/servers.ts
index 21ba40b4f36..2919a0c9c9e 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/servers.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/servers.ts
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export class Servers {
         return server;
       } catch (ex) {
         // if something else went wrong we still want to just give up
-        if (!ex.message.includes("EADDRINUSE")) {
+        if (ex instanceof Error && !ex.message.includes("EADDRINUSE")) {
           throw ex;
         }
       }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-core/src/main/typescript/web-services/register-web-service-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-core/src/main/typescript/web-services/register-web-service-endpoint.ts
index b6f7693aecd..029e2fbe583 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-core/src/main/typescript/web-services/register-web-service-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-core/src/main/typescript/web-services/register-web-service-endpoint.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export async function registerWebServiceEndpoint(
   } catch (ex) {
     throw new Error(
       `${fnTag} Express verb method ${httpVerb} threw ` +
-        ` while registering endpoint: ${ex.message}`,
+        ` while registering endpoint: ${(ex as Error).message}`,
     );
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-consortium-jws-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-consortium-jws-endpoint-v1.ts
index ce630c1a7d5..db13f055d20 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-consortium-jws-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-consortium-jws-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ export class GetConsortiumEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-node-jws-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-node-jws-endpoint-v1.ts
index 0dc8bb71c18..06b540f307c 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-node-jws-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-node-jws-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ export class GetNodeJwsEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index 016a6f81c23..57ec073cd29 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-consortium-manual/src/main/typescript/consortium/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts
index b1a18c982ec..b78b1ad6e05 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ export class GetSingleStatusEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(400).json({
         message: "Bad request",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts
index 27e388a6de7..2bbc9262bfe 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ export class GetStatusEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(400).json({
         message: "Bad request",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts
index d874da9cbb3..a8a3eb156a3 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ export class InitializeEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(400).json({
         message: "Bad request",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts
index ec7a2731bb1..f3e729fdff3 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export class NewContractEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(400).json({
         message: "Bad request",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts
index a838285823a..0cb9d816156 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export class RefundEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(400).json({
         message: "Bad request",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts
index 2a0bad65605..c9a0c433c3f 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export class WithdrawEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(400).json({
         message: "Bad request",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts
index 38980472de6..7af32d6cc24 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-single-status-endpoint.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export class GetSingleStatusEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts
index df91fcdf3eb..f38b53e4e50 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-status-endpoint.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export class GetStatusEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts
index 0bd31291e84..cd02e9a6e33 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/initialize-endpoint.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ export class InitializeEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts
index 9503c6e3d22..f6a93abd83e 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/new-contract-endpoint.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export class NewContractEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts
index 42876a41d1f..e85d023d8e8 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/refund-endpoint.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export class RefundEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts
index ee443d4f25f..edf53ea741c 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/withdraw-endpoint.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export class WithdrawEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-memory/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-memory/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index 99be7a2e396..c13940b6642 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-memory/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-memory/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/plugin-keychain-vault.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/plugin-keychain-vault.ts
index b238d73ad33..9d99a346de1 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/plugin-keychain-vault.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/plugin-keychain-vault.ts
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ export class PluginKeychainVault implements IPluginWebService, IPluginKeychain {
       }
     } catch (ex) {
       // FIXME: Throw if not found, detect it in the endpoint code, status=404
-      if (ex?.response?.statusCode === HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND) {
+      if ((ex as any)?.response?.statusCode === HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND) {
         return (null as unknown) as string;
       } else {
         this.log.error(`Retrieval of "${key}" crashed:`, ex);
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ export class PluginKeychainVault implements IPluginWebService, IPluginKeychain {
       // else being an unexpected exception that we do not want to
       // handle nor suppress under any circumstances since doing so
       // would lead to silent failures or worse.
-      if (ex?.response?.statusCode === HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND) {
+      if ((ex as any)?.response?.statusCode === HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND) {
         return false;
       } else {
         this.log.error(`Presence check of "${key}" crashed:`, ex);
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/delete-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/delete-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
index 250a4fd2463..25dbfc9189c 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/delete-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/delete-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export class DeleteKeychainEntryEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
index 1d2f22d67ff..670f8a21ffd 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export class GetKeychainEntryEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index 65a68e5dac2..7150fd08667 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
index 2af9d33d2f2..d17d0dcbbc8 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/has-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export class HasKeychainEntryEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
index 2f4de99a243..0d4432371ae 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/main/typescript/web-services/set-keychain-entry-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export class SetKeychainEntryEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.debug(`${tag} Failed to serve request:`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
index 15f3456393f..598f4ad0219 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-keychain-vault/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       } as any) as SetKeychainEntryRequest);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fSet} without required key: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(fields.includes("key"), "Rejected because key is required");
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fHas} without required key: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(fields.includes("key"), "Rejected because key is required");
@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fGet} without required key: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(fields.includes("key"), "Rejected because key is required");
@@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fDelete} without required key: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(fields.includes("key"), "Rejected because key is required");
@@ -222,11 +222,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       } as any) as SetKeychainEntryRequest);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fSet} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -245,11 +245,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       } as any) as HasKeychainEntryRequestV1);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fHas} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -268,11 +268,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       } as any) as GetKeychainEntryRequest);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fGet} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -291,11 +291,11 @@ test(`${testCase}`, async (t: Test) => {
       } as any) as GetKeychainEntryRequest);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fDelete} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
index cfd4b68349f..1a2023025bc 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export class DeployContractSolidityBytecodeEndpoint
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-balance-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-balance-endpoint.ts
index 34664ba566e..44e674507a6 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-balance-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-balance-endpoint.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class GetBalanceEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-besu-record-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-besu-record-endpoint-v1.ts
index f40e93d2e91..47c658f69b4 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-besu-record-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-besu-record-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export class GetBesuRecordEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-block-v1-endpoint-.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-block-v1-endpoint-.ts
index 826723a7273..39653e060dc 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-block-v1-endpoint-.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-block-v1-endpoint-.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class GetBlockEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-past-logs-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-past-logs-endpoint.ts
index 2537152b27c..33061512d93 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-past-logs-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-past-logs-endpoint.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class GetPastLogsEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index 55541efa1dc..2990d6ebc97 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-transaction-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-transaction-endpoint.ts
index 5c7f8960945..505fc4c9367 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-transaction-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-transaction-endpoint.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class GetTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
index cf5e9aa3e1b..5829c39c164 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export class InvokeContractEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
index 6a5b05e20ac..3271ceefb3e 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/sign-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/sign-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts
index 7f9e0984c43..a1e5c442010 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/sign-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/main/typescript/web-services/sign-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ export class BesuSignTransactionEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-jars-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-jars-endpoint.ts
index 5a20a7479c2..be3040a9709 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-jars-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-jars-endpoint.ts
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ export class DeployContractJarsEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
       res.json({
-        error: ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.message,
         // FIXME do not include stack trace
-        errorStack: ex?.stack,
+        errorStack: (ex as Error)?.stack,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index e1ba119bdc8..a0a84bf79ca 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-v1.ts
index 24c5b3f77c8..da924875228 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-corda/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ export class InvokeContractEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract-go-source/deploy-contract-go-source-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract-go-source/deploy-contract-go-source-endpoint-v1.ts
index 18def8f1a5d..f475b7dac91 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract-go-source/deploy-contract-go-source-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract-go-source/deploy-contract-go-source-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ export class DeployContractGoSourceEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve contract deploy request`, ex);
       res.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract/deploy-contract-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract/deploy-contract-endpoint-v1.ts
index 7d2f554bf3a..3500cf2e1ea 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract/deploy-contract-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/deploy-contract/deploy-contract-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ export class DeployContractEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve contract deploy request`, ex);
       res.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index 4e6522d293a..7876ba8f7a0 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-fabric.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-fabric.ts
index 967031e5aac..5d9f658152c 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-fabric.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-fabric.ts
@@ -1014,7 +1014,9 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorFabric
           } catch (ex) {
             this.log.error(`Building transient map crashed: `, ex);
             throw new Error(
-              `${fnTag} Unable to build the transient map: ${ex.message}`,
+              `${fnTag} Unable to build the transient map: ${
+                (ex as Error).message
+              }`,
             );
           }
 
@@ -1047,7 +1049,9 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorFabric
       return res;
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`transact() crashed: `, ex);
-      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Unable to run transaction: ${ex.message}`);
+      throw new Error(
+        `${fnTag} Unable to run transaction: ${(ex as Error).message}`,
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -1072,7 +1076,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorFabric
       return new FabricCAServices(caUrl, tlsOptions, caName);
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`createCaClient() Failure:`, ex);
-      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Inner Exception: ${ex?.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Inner Exception: ${(ex as Error)?.message}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -1108,7 +1112,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorFabric
       return [x509Identity, wallet];
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`enrollAdmin() Failure:`, ex);
-      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Exception: ${ex?.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Exception: ${(ex as Error)?.message}`);
     }
   }
   /**
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/run-transaction/run-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/run-transaction/run-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts
index dcd016a6259..cafdc59ea0d 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/run-transaction/run-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-fabric/src/main/typescript/run-transaction/run-transaction-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpointV1 implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-iroha.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-iroha.ts
index df19e76c16e..c3379c02eb7 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-iroha.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-iroha.ts
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.SetAccountDetail: {
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.CompareAndSetAccountDetail: {
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           );
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.CreateAsset: {
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
             });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.CreateDomain: {
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.SetAccountQuorum: {
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.AddAssetQuantity: {
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.SubtractAssetQuantity: {
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           );
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.TransferAsset: {
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetSignatories: {
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: queryRes };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetAccount: {
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: queryRes };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetAccountDetail: {
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: queryRes };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetAssetInfo: {
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: queryRes };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetAccountAssets: {
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: queryRes };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.AddSignatory: {
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.RemoveSignatory: {
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetRoles: {
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           const response = await queries.getRoles(queryOptions);
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.CreateRole: {
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.AppendRole: {
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.DetachRole: {
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetRolePermissions: {
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.GrantPermission: {
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.RevokePermission: {
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.SetSettingValue: {
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetPendingTransactions: {
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetAccountTransactions: {
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetAccountAssetTransactions: {
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           );
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetBlock: {
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.CallEngine: {
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetEngineReceipts: {
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.FetchCommits: {
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           const response = await queries.fetchCommits(queryOptions);
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.AddPeer: {
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaCommand.RemovePeer: {
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           });
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       case IrohaQuery.GetPeers: {
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorIroha
           const response = await queries.getPeers(queryOptions);
           return { transactionReceipt: response };
         } catch (err) {
-          throw new RuntimeError(err);
+          throw new RuntimeError(err as string);
         }
       }
       default: {
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index f1cbeb82661..c11dd17eda0 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
index 53519852c42..10087eba459 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-iroha/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
        * "Error: Error: Command response error: expected=COMMITTED, actual=REJECTED"
        * @see https://iroha.readthedocs.io/en/main/develop/api/commands.html?highlight=CallEngine#id18
        */
-      if (ex.message.includes("Error: Command response error")) {
+      if ((ex as Error).message.includes("Error: Command response error")) {
         this.log.debug("Sending back HTTP400 Bad Request error.");
         res.status(400);
         res.json(ex);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum.ts
index 3c078f67fdf..c908ab54ae2 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum.ts
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ export class PluginLedgerConnectorQuorum
     } catch (ex) {
       throw new Error(
         `${fnTag} Failed to invoke web3.eth.personal.sendTransaction(). ` +
-          `InnerException: ${ex.stack}`,
+          `InnerException: ${(ex as Error).stack}`,
       );
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint-json-object.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint-json-object.ts
index 9b0e72c7d54..33d8dddf60f 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint-json-object.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint-json-object.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export class DeployContractSolidityBytecodeJsonObjectEndpoint
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
index 14d348fffb8..d5217b8386a 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export class DeployContractSolidityBytecodeEndpoint
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index 88b1eca0348..22b54ddd4c7 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-json-object.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-json-object.ts
index 00af8359ff4..4f6a80fd1bb 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-json-object.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint-json-object.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ export class InvokeContractJsonObjectEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
index a15ea9a8ef6..6bbf528e8dc 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export class InvokeContractEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
index b26134087a8..efc70c366d1 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/deploy-contract/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/deploy-contract/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
index d8088b88452..953b60df71f 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/deploy-contract/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-ledger-connector-quorum/deploy-contract/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fDeploy} without required contractName and bytecode: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fDeploy} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -274,11 +274,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.invokeContractV1(parameters as InvokeContractV1Request);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fInvoke} without required contractName and methodName: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -315,11 +315,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.invokeContractV1(parameters as InvokeContractV1Request);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fInvoke} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -366,11 +366,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.runTransactionV1(parameters as RunTransactionRequest);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fRun} without required transactionConfig: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -401,11 +401,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.runTransactionV1(parameters as RunTransactionRequest);
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fRun} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
index 70e94a8f392..fd48271d692 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export class DeployContractSolidityBytecodeEndpoint
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index ccac3b7803e..ca39a6e916d 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
       res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      res.statusMessage = (ex as Error).message;
+      res.json({ error: (ex as Error).stack });
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
index ef93f648d34..08969e0f389 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class InvokeContractEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
index d25d2e35fea..7b3c66a4a16 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
       res.status(500).json({
         message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
+        error: (ex as Error)?.stack || (ex as Error)?.message,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
index 4bd1c5c5f03..aa096959160 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fDeploy} without required keychainId: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -208,11 +208,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fDeploy} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -267,11 +267,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fInvoke} without required contractName: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -303,11 +303,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fInvoke} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -366,11 +366,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fRun} without required consistencyStrategy: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -408,11 +408,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       );
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fRun} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-consortium-manual/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-consortium-manual/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-consortium-manual/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-consortium-manual/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
index 88d76570610..34c2ddfbfb3 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-consortium-manual/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-consortium-manual/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-consortium-manual/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-consortium-manual/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
@@ -283,11 +283,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await api.getNodeJwsV1({ fake: 4 });
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fGetNodeJwt} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
@@ -306,11 +306,11 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await api.getConsortiumJwsV1({ fake: 4 });
     } catch (e) {
       t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
+        (e as any).response.status,
         400,
         `Endpoint ${fGetConsortiumJws} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
       );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
+      const fields = (e as any).response.data.map((param: any) =>
         param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
       );
       t2.ok(
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/initialize-endpoint.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/initialize-endpoint.test.ts
index a3531f34bf2..9811452b847 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/initialize-endpoint.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/initialize-endpoint.test.ts
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ test("Test initialize function with invalid params", async (t: Test) => {
     const res = await api.initializeV1(request);
     t.equal(res.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
+    t.equal((error as any).response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   }
   t.end();
 });
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/new-contract-endpoint.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/new-contract-endpoint.test.ts
index dfde2bb4c37..61ad6f585cb 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/new-contract-endpoint.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/new-contract-endpoint.test.ts
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ test("Test new invalid contract with 0 inputAmount token for HTLC", async (t: Te
     const res = await api.newContractV1(request);
     t.equal(res.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
+    t.equal((error as any).response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   }
   t.end();
 });
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/refund-endpoint.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/refund-endpoint.test.ts
index 2fc29594c0d..5d6b83bc950 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/refund-endpoint.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/refund-endpoint.test.ts
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ test("Test invalid refund with invalid time", async (t: Test) => {
     const resRefund = await api.refundV1(refundRequest);
     t.equal(resRefund.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
+    t.equal((error as any).response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   }
 
   t.comment("Get balance of account");
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/withdraw-endpoint.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/withdraw-endpoint.test.ts
index e50cec948a4..644e0d0f52c 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/withdraw-endpoint.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu-erc20/withdraw-endpoint.test.ts
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ test("Test invalid withdraw with invalid id", async (t: Test) => {
     const resWithdraw = await api.withdrawV1(withdrawRequest);
     t.equal(resWithdraw.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
+    t.equal((error as any).response.status, 400, "response status is 400");
   }
   t.comment("Get balance of receiver account");
   const responseFinalBalance = await connector.invokeContract({
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-single-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-single-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
index b68dda96f54..11dd5788237 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-single-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-single-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
     );
     t.equal(res.status, 500, "response status is 500");
   } catch (e) {
-    t.equal(e.response.status, 500);
+    t.equal((e as any).response.status, 500);
   }
   t.end();
 });
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
index c34a227dc60..9ae30655270 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/get-status-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
     );
     t.equal(res.status, 500, "response status is 500");
   } catch (e) {
-    t.equal(e.response.status, 500);
+    t.equal((e as any).response.status, 500);
   }
   t.end();
 });
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/new-contract-endpoint-invalid.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/new-contract-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
index 91a4ed60680..3d9572a2ff3 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/new-contract-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/new-contract-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
     t.ok(resp, "response newContract is OK");
     t.equal(resp.status, 200, "response status newContract is OK");
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 500, "response status is 500");
+    t.equal((error as any).response.status, 500, "response status is 500");
   }
   t.end();
 });
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/refund-endpoint-invalid.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/refund-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
index c0ac9dbca78..b3ef950998c 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/refund-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/refund-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
     const refundResponse = await api.refundV1(refundRequest);
     t.equal(refundResponse.status, 200);
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 500, "response status is 500");
+    t.equal((error as any).response.status, 500, "response status is 500");
   }
   t.end();
 });
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/withdraw-endpoint-invalid.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/withdraw-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
index f9f6720ff27..240e39db317 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/withdraw-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-htlc-eth-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-htlc-eth-besu/withdraw-endpoint-invalid.test.ts
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
 
     t.equal(res.status, 200, "response status is 200 OK");
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 500, "response status is 500");
+    t.equal((error as any).response.status, 500, "response status is 500");
   }
   t.end();
 });
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts
index 8fd57b4ff67..6f144ab0cef 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts
@@ -186,9 +186,13 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
     };
     await api.signTransactionV1(notFoundRequest);
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 404, "HTTP response status are equal");
     t.equal(
-      error.response.statusText,
+      (error as any).response.status,
+      404,
+      "HTTP response status are equal",
+    );
+    t.equal(
+      (error as any).response.statusText,
       "Transaction not found",
       "Response text are equal",
     );
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/v21-sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/v21-sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts
index 81049557f65..cece3c40207 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/v21-sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-plugin-ledger-connector-besu/src/test/typescript/integration/plugin-validator-besu/v21-sign-transaction-endpoint.test.ts
@@ -189,9 +189,13 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
     };
     await api.signTransactionV1(notFoundRequest);
   } catch (error) {
-    t.equal(error.response.status, 404, "HTTP response status are equal");
     t.equal(
-      error.response.statusText,
+      (error as any).response.status,
+      404,
+      "HTTP response status are equal",
+    );
+    t.equal(
+      (error as any).response.statusText,
       "Transaction not found",
       "Response text are equal",
     );
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/common/containers.ts b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/common/containers.ts
index 2bda34099b6..798f88400aa 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/common/containers.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/common/containers.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,10 @@ export class Containers {
       return response;
     } catch (ex) {
       log.error("Failed to get diagnostics of Docker daemon", ex);
-      throw new RuntimeError("Failed to get diagnostics of Docker daemon", ex);
+      throw new RuntimeError(
+        "Failed to get diagnostics of Docker daemon",
+        ex as Error,
+      );
     }
   }
   /**
@@ -530,7 +533,9 @@ export class Containers {
         //   );
         // }
         if (Date.now() >= startedAt + timeoutMs) {
-          throw new Error(`${fnTag} timed out (${timeoutMs}ms) -> ${ex.stack}`);
+          throw new Error(
+            `${fnTag} timed out (${timeoutMs}ms) -> ${(ex as Error).stack}`,
+          );
         }
         reachable = false;
       }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/fabric/fabric-test-ledger-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/fabric/fabric-test-ledger-v1.ts
index 6dcd732a084..04a0b393642 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/fabric/fabric-test-ledger-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/fabric/fabric-test-ledger-v1.ts
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export class FabricTestLedgerV1 implements ITestLedger {
       return new FabricCAServices(caUrl, tlsOptions, caName);
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`createCaClient() Failure:`, ex);
-      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Inner Exception: ${ex?.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Inner Exception: ${(ex as Error)?.message}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ export class FabricTestLedgerV1 implements ITestLedger {
       return [x509Identity, wallet];
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`enrollUser() Failure:`, ex);
-      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Exception: ${ex?.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Exception: ${(ex as Error)?.message}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ export class FabricTestLedgerV1 implements ITestLedger {
       return [x509Identity, wallet];
     } catch (ex) {
       this.log.error(`enrollAdmin() Failure:`, ex);
-      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Exception: ${ex?.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`${fnTag} Exception: ${(ex as Error)?.message}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -472,7 +472,9 @@ export class FabricTestLedgerV1 implements ITestLedger {
       } catch (ex) {
         reachable = false;
         if (Date.now() >= startedAt + timeoutMs) {
-          throw new Error(`${fnTag} timed out (${timeoutMs}ms) -> ${ex.stack}`);
+          throw new Error(
+            `${fnTag} timed out (${timeoutMs}ms) -> ${(ex as Error).stack}`,
+          );
         }
       }
       await new Promise((resolve2) => setTimeout(resolve2, 1000));
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/quorum/quorum-test-ledger.ts b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/quorum/quorum-test-ledger.ts
index 3b0bbae70fe..3416e6c939c 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/quorum/quorum-test-ledger.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/main/typescript/quorum/quorum-test-ledger.ts
@@ -272,7 +272,9 @@ export class QuorumTestLedger implements ITestLedger {
       } catch (ex) {
         reachable = false;
         if (Date.now() >= startedAt + timeoutMs) {
-          throw new Error(`${fnTag} timed out (${timeoutMs}ms) -> ${ex.stack}`);
+          throw new Error(
+            `${fnTag} timed out (${timeoutMs}ms) -> ${(ex as Error).stack}`,
+          );
         }
       }
       await new Promise((resolve2) => setTimeout(resolve2, 100));
diff --git a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/test/typescript/integration/common/containers.test.ts b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/test/typescript/integration/common/containers.test.ts
index f35cd4d7a09..5d0c3a985c1 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/test/typescript/integration/common/containers.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-test-tooling/src/test/typescript/integration/common/containers.test.ts
@@ -116,9 +116,11 @@ test("Can report error if docker daemon is not accessable", async (t: Test) => {
     t.fail("Containers.getDiagnostics was supposed to fail but did not.");
   } catch (ex) {
     t.ok(ex, "exception thrown is truthy OK");
-    t.ok(ex.cause, "ex.cause truthy OK");
-    t.ok(ex.cause.message, "ex.cause.message truthy OK");
-    const causeMsgIsInformative = ex.cause.message.includes(badSocketPath);
+    t.ok((ex as any).cause, "ex.cause truthy OK");
+    t.ok((ex as any).cause.message, "ex.cause.message truthy OK");
+    const causeMsgIsInformative = (ex as any).cause.message.includes(
+      badSocketPath,
+    );
     t.true(causeMsgIsInformative, "causeMsgIsInformative");
   }
   t.end();
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index f43ed506c9b..505d37c9867 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -22404,6 +22404,11 @@ typescript@4.3.5:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/typescript/-/typescript-4.3.5.tgz#4d1c37cc16e893973c45a06886b7113234f119f4"
   integrity sha512-DqQgihaQ9cUrskJo9kIyW/+g0Vxsk8cDtZ52a3NGh0YNTfpUSArXSohyUGnvbPazEPLu398C0UxmKSOrPumUzA==
 
+typescript@4.4.3:
+  version "4.4.3"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/typescript/-/typescript-4.4.3.tgz#bdc5407caa2b109efd4f82fe130656f977a29324"
+  integrity sha512-4xfscpisVgqqDfPaJo5vkd+Qd/ItkoagnHpufr+i2QCHBsNYp+G7UAoyFl8aPtx879u38wPV65rZ8qbGZijalA==
+
 typescript@^3.9.3:
   version "3.9.10"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/typescript/-/typescript-3.9.10.tgz#70f3910ac7a51ed6bef79da7800690b19bf778b8"