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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<title>Resolving Alternative Text</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/normalization.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/base.css" />
<style>
col {
width: 10%;
}
input {
width: 75% !important;
}
.pseudo:before {
content: "Default Text";
}
.results,
.results th {
font-style: italic;
font-size: .75em;
color: #22872f;
}
button {
width: 100%;
height: 3em;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<a href="#main" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>
<div class="page-wrapper" id="main" role="main" tabindex="-1">
<h1>How Screen-readers Resolve Alternative Text</h1>
<p><a href="http://haltersweb.github.io/Accessibility/">View the full library of accessibility solutions.</a></p>
<table>
<caption>
<h2>Alternative Text Screen Reader Resolution Test</h2>
<p><strong>KEY: "Default Text"</strong> is the default text node, label element text, or pseudo content. <strong>"Labelled By"</strong> is the aria-labelledby text. <strong>"Label"</strong> is the aria-label text.</p>
</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="col-1">
<col class="col-2">
<col class="col-3">
<col class="col-4">
<col class="col-5">
<col class="col-6">
<col class="col-7">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th scope="col">with text node (our control)</th>
<th scope="col">with text node + aria-labelledby</th>
<th scope="col">with text node + aria-labelledby + aria-label</th>
<th scope="col">with text node + aria-label</th>
<th scope="col">no text + aria-labelledby</th>
<th scope="col">no text + aria-labelledby + aria-label</th>
<th scope="col">no text + aria-label</th>
<th scope="col">pseudo element + aria-label</th>
<th scope="col">label elem with display: none</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
using a span
</th>
<td>
<span>Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="foo1" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span aria-labelledby="foo1">Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="foo2" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span aria-labelledby="foo2" aria-label="Label">Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="foo3" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span aria-label="Label">Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="foo4" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span aria-labelledby="foo4"></span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="foo5" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span aria-labelledby="foo5" aria-label="Label"></span>
</td>
<td>
<span aria-label="Label"></span>
</td>
<td>
<span aria-label="Label" class="pseudo"></span>
</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
span results JAWS+IE
</th>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label"</td>
<td>"Label"</td>
<td>"Label"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
span results NVDA+FF
</th>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>"Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label"</td>
<td>"Default Text"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
span with tabindex
</th>
<td>
<span tabindex="0">Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="zoo1" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="zoo1">Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="zoo2" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="zoo2" aria-label="Label">Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="zoo3" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span tabindex="0" aria-label="Label">Default Text</span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="zoo4" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="zoo4"></span>
</td>
<td>
<span id="zoo5" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<span tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="zoo5" aria-label="Label"></span>
</td>
<td>
<span tabindex="0" aria-label="Label"></span>
</td>
<td>
<span tabindex="0" aria-label="Label" class="pseudo"></span>
</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
span with tabindex results JAWS+IE<br />
(browse mode / focus mode)
</th>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
span with tabindex results NVDA+FF<br />
(browse mode / focus mode)
</th>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
using a button
</th>
<td>
<button>Default Text</button>
</td>
<td>
<span id="bar1" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<button aria-labelledby="bar1">Default Text</button>
</td>
<td>
<span id="bar2" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<button aria-labelledby="bar2" aria-label="Label">Default Text</button>
</td>
<td>
<span id="bar3" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<button aria-label="Label">Default Text</button>
</td>
<td>
<span id="bar4" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<button aria-labelledby="bar4"></button>
</td>
<td>
<span id="bar5" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<button aria-label="Label" aria-labelledby="bar5"></button>
</td>
<td>
<button aria-label="Label"></button>
</td>
<td>
<button aria-label="Label" class="pseudo"></button>
</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
button results JAWS+IE<br />
(browse mode / focus mode)
</th>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
button results NVDA+FF<br />
(browse mode / focus mode)
</th>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Labelled By" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
with input field (default text is in a label elem)
</th>
<td>
<label for="Default Text0">Default Text</label>
<span id="Labelled By1" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<input type="text" id="Default Text0" />
</td>
<td>
<label for="Default Text1">Default Text</label>
<span id="Labelled By1" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<input type="text" id="Default Text1" aria-labelledby="Labelled By1" />
</td>
<td>
<label for="Default Text2">Default Text</label>
<span id="Labelled By2" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<input type="text" id="Default Text2" aria-label="Label" aria-labelledby="Labelled By2" />
</td>
<td>
<label for="Default Text3">Default Text</label>
<span id="Labelled By3" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<input type="text" id="Default Text3" aria-label="Label" />
</td>
<td>
<span id="Labelled By4" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<input type="text" id="Default Text4" aria-labelledby="Labelled By4" />
</td>
<td>
<span id="Labelled By5" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<input type="text" id="Default Text5" aria-label="Label" aria-labelledby="Labelled By5" />
</td>
<td>
<span id="Labelled By6" style="display: none;">Labelled By</span>
<input type="text" id="Default Text6" aria-label="Label" />
</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>
<label for="Default Text7" style="display: none;">Default Text</label>
<input type="text" id="Default Text7" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
input field results JAWS+IE<br />
(browse mode / focus mode)
</th>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Label"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Label"</td>
<td>" " / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>" " / "Label"</td>
<td>"Label" / "Label"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>" " / " "</td>
</tr>
<tr class="results">
<th scope="row">
input field results NVDA+FF<br />
(browse mode / focus mode)
</th>
<td>"Default Text" / "Default Text"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>"Default Text" / "Label"</td>
<td>" " / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>" " / "Labelled By"</td>
<td>" " / "Label"</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>" " / " "</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Observations</h2>
<h3>aria-labelledby vs aria-label</h3>
<p>I assumed all browser/screen-reader combinations would follow the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#namecalculation">W3C Accessible Name Calculation guidelines</a>, but this was not the case. In IE + JAWS aria-label trumps aria-labelledby which is not the W3C standard.</p>
<h3>Form elements with browse mode vs focus mode</h3>
<p>Button elements read the same in both browse and focus mode.</p>
<p>Other form elements usually<strong>*</strong> announce differently if the element is being read in browse mode vs. focus mode.</p>
<p><strong>*</strong> the only consistency between browse vs focus mode is when:</p>
<ul class="bullet singletons">
<li>The input field solely relies on the label element. (Expected behavior)</li>
<li>In IE the input field solely relies on aria-label.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="overlay"></div>
<div class="block-screen"></div>
<div aria-live="polite" class="screen-reader-text"></div>
<div role="alert" class="screen-reader-text"></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/namespacing.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/accessibility-helpers.js"></script>
</body>
</html>