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Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the Sun's photosphere that appear as spots darker than the surrounding areas. They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection. Sunspots usually appear in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. Their number varies according to the approximately 11-year solar cycle[1].
In this project, I used LSTM for forecasting "Monthly Mean Total Sunspot Number". Model metrics; R-squared=0.9021072 and RMSE=23.87132.
[1] Dataset: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/robervalt/sunspots
[2] Royal Observatory of Belgium, https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/datafiles