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<title> Backup completo de un guest Linux mediante tar
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<a href="https://frommelmak.com/backup-completo-de-un-guest-linux-mediante-tar.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Backup completo de un guest Linux mediante tar">Backup completo de un guest Linux mediante tar</a>
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<p>Clonar una mquina virtual mediante <em>VMWare Converter</em> suele ser un proceso lento, especialmente si la máquina tiene un disco grande, este el espacio ocupado o no. En ocasiones, ya no es que sea lento, sino que directamente el <em>VMWare Converter</em> falla inexplicablemente. En estos caso tenemos dos opciones. O bien copiar el disco de la máquina mediante <span class="caps">SSH</span> (si tenemos acceso <code>ssh</code> al <em>ESXi</em>) o bien hacer un <em>tarball</em> de todo el sistema y extraerlo en una nueva máquina.</p>
<p>A continuacóin detallo los pasos para realizar este último procedimiento.</p>
<p>En primer lugar hay que crear el <code>tar.gz</code> de la máquina origen. Para ello, conectamos por <span class="caps">SSH</span> y nos aseguramos de que disponemos de espacio. Luego ejecutamos el comando que vuelca toda la raiz del sistema a un <em>tarball</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight pygments-style-monokai rounded shadow-sm mb-3"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cd /</span>
<span class="go">tar cvlz --exclude=./tmp/* --exclude=./var/tmp/* --exclude=./proc/* --exclude=./sys/* --exclude=./mnt/* -f /var/tmp/guest_backup.tar.gz .</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>En primer lugar necesitamos una <span class="caps">ISO</span> bootable de un sistema Linux con las herramientas necesarias para hacer la extracción y restauración del <em>tarball</em>. Una buena distro para estos menesteres es <span class="caps">RIP</span> Linux.</p>
<p><a href="http://rip.7bf.de/current/RIPLinux-9.3-non-X.iso"><span class="caps">RIP</span> Linux Image</a></p>
<p>Copiaremos esta <span class="caps">ISO</span> al datastore del ESXi de destino.</p>
<p>Ahora creamos una máquina en el ESXi de destino con un disco de igual tamao al que queremos copiar y configuraremos esta máquina para que arranque con la <span class="caps">ISO</span> de <span class="caps">RIP</span> Linux.</p>
<p>Particionamos el disco <code>sda</code> de la máquina y lo formateamos.</p>
<div class="highlight pygments-style-monokai rounded shadow-sm mb-3"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">fdisk /dev/sda</span>
<span class="go">mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1</span>
<span class="go">mkswap /dev/sda2</span>
<span class="go">mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Nos asignamos una <span class="caps">IP</span> y copiamos el <code>tar.gz</code> a la via <code>scp</code> y extraemos el <em>tarball</em>.</p>
<div class="highlight pygments-style-monokai rounded shadow-sm mb-3"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">ifconfig eth0 x.x.x.x</span>
<span class="go">cd /mnt/sda1</span>
<span class="go">scp user@host:/guest_backup.tar.gz .</span>
<span class="go">tar zxvf guest_backup.tar.gz</span>
<span class="go">chroot /mnt/sda1</span>
<span class="go">grub-mkconfig /boot/grub/grub.cfg</span>
<span class="go">grub-install /dev/sda</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Ahora ya podemos reiniciar el equipo.</p>
<p>Si teniamos <em>mysql</em> corriendo, deberemos restablecer el owner de los siguientes directorios, ya que el <span class="caps">UID</span> de mysql en diferente en Debian al de <span class="caps">RIP</span> Linux.</p>
<div class="highlight pygments-style-monokai rounded shadow-sm mb-3"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">chown -R mysql /var/run/mysqld</span>
<span class="go">chown -R mysql /var/log/mysql</span>
<span class="go">chown -R mysql /var/log/mysql.*</span>
<span class="go">chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Es posible que tengamos que repetir el mismo procedimiento si utilizabamos servicios que corran bajo un usuario cuyo <span class="caps">UID</span> difiera del que utiliza <span class="caps">RIP</span> Linux.</p>
<p>Finalmente, si nuestro <code>fstab</code> hacia referencia a UUIDs en lugar de a devices, lo mejor es modificarlo y asegurarnos que utiliza los devices que toca.</p>
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