diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClient.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClient.js
index 036fd846a47ba..3837f322a53ca 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClient.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClient.js
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ import ReactVersion from 'shared/ReactVersion';
 import {getClosestInstanceFromNode} from 'react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactDOMComponentTree';
 import Internals from 'shared/ReactDOMSharedInternals';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 if (__DEV__) {
   if (
     typeof Map !== 'function' ||
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClientFB.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClientFB.js
index 1f918e3cf68c0..a3985860728e6 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClientFB.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMClientFB.js
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ import {createPortal as createPortalImpl} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactPortal
 import {canUseDOM} from 'shared/ExecutionEnvironment';
 import ReactVersion from 'shared/ReactVersion';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 import {
   getClosestInstanceFromNode,
   getInstanceFromNode,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser.js
index 14c4a597922ee..8879a511d3fa0 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser.js
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ import {
   createRootFormatContext,
 } from 'react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 type Options = {
   identifierPrefix?: string,
   namespaceURI?: string,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBun.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBun.js
index 4cceb66e7cdf7..750c3133c4518 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBun.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBun.js
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ import {
   createRootFormatContext,
 } from 'react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 type Options = {
   identifierPrefix?: string,
   namespaceURI?: string,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerEdge.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerEdge.js
index 14c4a597922ee..8879a511d3fa0 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerEdge.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerEdge.js
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ import {
   createRootFormatContext,
 } from 'react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 type Options = {
   identifierPrefix?: string,
   namespaceURI?: string,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerNode.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerNode.js
index 049849a664559..f0c9d75fc7107 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerNode.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerNode.js
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ import {
   createRootFormatContext,
 } from 'react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 function createDrainHandler(destination: Destination, request: Request) {
   return () => startFlowing(request, destination);
 }
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser.js
index cbc5cd4044361..f5d6a45a18c8c 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser.js
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ import {
   createRootFormatContext,
 } from 'react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 type Options = {
   identifierPrefix?: string,
   namespaceURI?: string,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticEdge.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticEdge.js
index e1fc514b7da5b..1a2eb1e599afe 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticEdge.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticEdge.js
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ import {
   createRootFormatContext,
 } from 'react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 type Options = {
   identifierPrefix?: string,
   namespaceURI?: string,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode.js
index 3c3c4116a5e54..fc25aa75c190a 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode.js
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ import {
   createRootFormatContext,
 } from 'react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM';
 
+import {ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion} from '../shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion';
+ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion();
+
 type Options = {
   identifierPrefix?: string,
   namespaceURI?: string,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion.js b/packages/react-dom/src/shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c5ebb810ff30a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/shared/ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @flow
+ */
+
+import reactDOMPackageVersion from 'shared/ReactVersion';
+import * as IsomorphicReactPackage from 'react';
+
+export function ensureCorrectIsomorphicReactVersion() {
+  const isomorphicReactPackageVersion = IsomorphicReactPackage.version;
+  if (isomorphicReactPackageVersion !== reactDOMPackageVersion) {
+    // TODO: Do we have a canoncical documentation page for this?
+    throw new Error(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages must ' +
+        'have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        `  - react:      ${isomorphicReactPackageVersion}\n` +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${reactDOMPackageVersion}`,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/__tests__/ReactMismatchedVersions-test.js b/packages/react/src/__tests__/ReactMismatchedVersions-test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4a20f490e410f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react/src/__tests__/ReactMismatchedVersions-test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @emails react-core
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+describe('ReactMismatchedVersions-test', () => {
+  // Polyfills for test environment
+  global.ReadableStream =
+    require('web-streams-polyfill/ponyfill/es6').ReadableStream;
+  global.TextEncoder = require('util').TextEncoder;
+
+  jest.mock('react', () => {
+    const actualReact = jest.requireActual('react');
+    return {
+      ...actualReact,
+      version: '18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react',
+      __actualVersion: actualReact.version,
+    };
+  });
+  const React = require('react');
+  const actualReactVersion = React.__actualVersion;
+
+  test('importing "react-dom/client" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/client')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  // When running in source mode, we lazily require the implementation to
+  // simulate the static config dependency injection we do at build time. So it
+  // only errors once you call something and trigger the require. Running the
+  // test in build mode is sufficient.
+  // @gate !source
+  test('importing "react-dom/server" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/server')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  // @gate !source
+  test('importing "react-dom/server.node" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/server.node')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  // @gate !source
+  test('importing "react-dom/server.browser" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/server.browser')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  // @gate !source
+  test('importing "react-dom/server.bun" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/server.bun')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  // @gate !source
+  test('importing "react-dom/server.edge" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/server.edge')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  // @gate !source
+  test('importing "react-dom/static" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/static')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('importing "react-dom/static.node" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/static.node')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('importing "react-dom/static.browser" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/static.browser')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('importing "react-dom/static.edge" throws if version does not match React version', async () => {
+    expect(() => require('react-dom/static.edge')).toThrow(
+      'Incompatible React versions: The "react" and "react-dom" packages ' +
+        'must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n' +
+        '  - react:      18.0.0-whoa-this-aint-the-right-react\n' +
+        `  - react-dom:  ${actualReactVersion}`,
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/scripts/error-codes/codes.json b/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
index f0e73bd6fb4f3..eba4a6715d3fd 100644
--- a/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
+++ b/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
@@ -511,5 +511,6 @@
   "523": "The render was aborted due to being postponed.",
   "524": "Values cannot be passed to next() of AsyncIterables passed to Client Components.",
   "525": "A React Element from an older version of React was rendered. This is not supported. It can happen if:\n- Multiple copies of the \"react\" package is used.\n- A library pre-bundled an old copy of \"react\" or \"react/jsx-runtime\".\n- A compiler tries to \"inline\" JSX instead of using the runtime.",
-  "526": "Could not reference an opaque temporary reference. This is likely due to misconfiguring the temporaryReferences options on the server."
+  "526": "Could not reference an opaque temporary reference. This is likely due to misconfiguring the temporaryReferences options on the server.",
+  "527": "Incompatible React versions: The \"react\" and \"react-dom\" packages must have the exact same version. Instead got:\n  - react:      %s\n  - react-dom:  %s"
 }