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Overview.html
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"This document describes a formal model and a common representation for a Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description. A Thing Description describes the metadata and interfaces of Things, where a Thing is an abstraction of a physical or virtual entity that provides interactions to and participates in the Web of Things. Thing Descriptions provide a set of interactions based on a small vocabulary that makes it possible both to integrate diverse devices and to allow diverse applications to interoperate. Thing Descriptions, by default, are encoded in a JSON format that also allows JSON-LD processing. The latter provides a powerful foundation to represent knowledge about Things in a machine-understandable way. A Thing Description instance can be hosted by the Thing itself or hosted externally when a Thing has resource restrictions (e.g., limited memory space) or when a Web of Things-compatible legacy device is retrofitted with a Thing Description.">
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<div class="head">
<a href="https://www.w3.org/" class="logo"><img alt="W3C" src=
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height="48"></a>
<h1 id="title" class="title p-name">Web of Things (WoT) Thing
Description</h1>
<h2><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working
Draft <time class="dt-published" datetime="2018-10-21">21
October 2018</time></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd>
<a class="u-url" href=
"https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-wot-thing-description-20181021/">
https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-wot-thing-description-20181021/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Latest published version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href=
"https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-thing-description/">https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-thing-description/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
<dd>
<a href=
"https://w3c.github.io/wot-thing-description/">https://w3c.github.io/wot-thing-description/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
<dd>
<a class="u-url" href=
"https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-wot-thing-description-20180405/">
https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-wot-thing-description-20180405/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
<dd class="p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="43064">
<span class="p-name fn">Sebastian Kaebisch</span>
(<a class="p-org org h-org h-card" href=
"https://www.siemens.com/">Siemens AG</a>)
</dd>
<dd class="p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="29376">
<span class="p-name fn">Takuki Kamiya</span> (<a class=
"p-org org h-org h-card" href=
"https://www.fujitsu.com/">Fujitsu Laboratories of America,
Inc.</a>)
</dd>
<dt>Contributors:</dt>
<dd>
<a href=
"https://github.com/w3c/wot-thing-description/graphs/contributors">
In the GitHub repository</a>
</dd>
<dt>Repository:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/wot-thing-description/">We
are on GitHub</a>
</dd>
<dd>
<a href=
"https://github.com/w3c/wot-thing-description/issues">File
a bug</a>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="copyright"><a href=
"https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a>
© 2017-2018 <a href="https://www.w3.org/"><abbr title=
"World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>
(<a href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title=
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
<a href="https://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title=
"European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
<a href="https://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href=
"http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>). <abbr title=
"World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href=
"https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">
liability</a>, <a href=
"https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">
trademark</a> and <a rel="license" href=
"https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document">
permissive document license</a> rules apply.</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<div class="ednote" id="issue-container-generatedID">
<div role="heading" class="ednote-title marker" id="h-ednote"
aria-level="2">
<span>Editor's note</span><span style=
"text-transform: none">: First draft based on Simplified
TD</span>
</div>
<p class="">This is the first draft of the new simplified TD
approach based on JSON-LD 1.1. Some definitions are not
finished yet and are still in progress. A stable Thing
Description deliverable version based on JSON-LD 1.0 can be
found <a href=
"https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-wot-thing-description-20180405/">
here</a>.</p>
</div>
<section id="abstract" class="introductory">
<h2>Abstract</h2>
<p>This document describes a formal model and a common
representation for a Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description. A
Thing Description describes the metadata and interfaces of
Things, where a Thing is an abstraction of a physical or
virtual entity that provides interactions to and participates
in the Web of Things. Thing Descriptions provide a set of
interactions based on a small vocabulary that makes it possible
both to integrate diverse devices and to allow diverse
applications to interoperate. Thing Descriptions, by default,
are encoded in a JSON format that also allows JSON-LD
processing. The latter provides a powerful foundation to
represent knowledge about Things in a machine-understandable
way. A Thing Description instance can be hosted by the Thing
itself or hosted externally when a Thing has resource
restrictions (e.g., limited memory space) or when a Web of
Things-compatible legacy device is retrofitted with a Thing
Description.</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd" class="introductory">
<h2>Status of This Document</h2>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at
the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this
document. A list of current <abbr title=
"World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the
latest revision of this technical report can be found in the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title=
"World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports
index</a> at https://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
<p>Implementers need to be aware that this specification is
considered unstable. Vendors interested in implementing this
specification before it eventually reaches the Candidate
Recommendation phase should subscribe to the <a href=
"https://github.com/w3c/wot-thing-description">repository</a>
and take part in the discussions.</p>
<div class="ednote" id="issue-container-generatedID-0">
<div role="heading" class="ednote-title marker" id=
"h-ednote-0" aria-level="3">
<span>Editor's note</span><span style=
"text-transform: none">: The W3C WoT WG is asking for
feedback</span>
</div>
<p class="">Please contribute to this draft using the
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/wot-thing-description/issues">
GitHub Issue</a> feature of the <a href=
"https://github.com/w3c/wot-thing-description/">WoT Thing
Description</a> repository. For feedback on security and
privacy considerations, please use the <a href=
"https://github.com/w3c/wot-security/issues">WoT Security and
Privacy</a> Issues, as security and privacy is cross-cutting
over all our documents.</p>
</div>
<p>This document was published by the <a href=
"https://www.w3.org/WoT/WG/">Web of Things Working Group</a> as
a Working Draft. This document is intended to become a W3C
Recommendation.</p>
<p>Comments regarding this document are welcome. Please send
them to <a href=
"mailto:public-wot-wg@w3.org">public-wot-wg@w3.org</a>
(<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-wot-wg/">archives</a>).</p>
<p>Changes from the previous publication can be found in
<a href="#changes">Appendix B</a>. A <a href=
"diff.html">diff-marked version</a> of this document is also
available for comparison purposes.</p>
<p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by
the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>
Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated,
replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is
inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in
progress.</p>
<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the
<a href=
"https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/"><abbr title=
"World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a
<a rel="disclosure" href=
"https://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/95969/status">public list
of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the
deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions
for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge
of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href=
"https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with
<a href=
"https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#sec-Disclosure">section
6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>
Patent Policy</a>.</p>
<p>This document is governed by the <a id=
"w3c_process_revision" href=
"https://www.w3.org/2019/Process-20190301/">1 March 2019
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Process
Document</a>.</p>
<p>
<span class="at-risk">Text and table entries highlighted with a yellow background
indicates a feature associated with an at-risk assertion for which
insufficient implementation experience exists.</span>
When an entire section is at-risk the words
"<span class="at-risk">This section is at risk.</span>"
will be placed at the start of the section and highlighted with a yellow background.</span>
</p>
</section>
<nav id="toc">
<h2 class="introductory" id="table-of-contents">Table of
Contents</h2>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#introduction" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">1.</span> Introduction</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#terminology" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">2.</span> Terminology</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#namespaces" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">3.</span> Namespaces</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#conformance" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">4.</span> Conformance</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#sec-vocabulary-definition" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.</span> Information
Model</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#overview" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.1</span> Overview</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#sec-core-vocabulary-definition" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2</span> Core
Vocabulary Definition</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#thing" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.2.1</span> <code>Thing</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#interactionpattern" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2.2</span>
<code>InteractionPattern</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#property" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.2.3</span> <code>Property</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#action" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.2.4</span> <code>Action</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#event" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.2.5</span> <code>Event</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#form" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.2.6</span> <code>Form</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#link" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.2.7</span> <code>Link</code></a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#sec-data-schema-vocabulary-definition" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3</span> Data Schema
Vocabulary Definition</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#dataschema" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.3.1</span> <code>DataSchema</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#arrayschema" class="tocxref"><span class=
"secno">5.3.2</span> <code>ArraySchema</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#objectschema" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.3</span>
<code>ObjectSchema</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#booleanschema" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.4</span>
<code>BooleanSchema</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#numberschema" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.5</span>
<code>NumberSchema</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#stringschema" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.6</span>
<code>StringSchema</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#integerschema" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3.7</span>
<code>IntegerSchema</code></a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#sec-security-vocabulary-definition" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4</span> Security
Vocabulary Definition</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#securityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.1</span>
<code>SecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#nosecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.2</span>
<code>NoSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#basicsecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.3</span>
<code>BasicSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#certsecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.4</span>
<code>CertSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#digestsecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.5</span>
<code>DigestSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#bearersecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.6</span>
<code>BearerSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#psksecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.7</span>
<code>PSKSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#publicsecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.8</span>
<code>PublicSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#oauth2securityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.9</span>
<code>OAuth2SecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#apikeysecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.10</span>
<code>APIKeySecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#popsecurityscheme" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4.11</span>
<code>PoPSecurityScheme</code></a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#sec-td-serialization" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">6.</span> Thing Description
Serialization</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#json-serializiation-section" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">6.1</span> Representation
Format</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#sec-thing-as-a-whole-json" class=
"tocxref"><span class="secno">6.1.1</span> Thing as