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ecrm_110404.owl
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:xsp="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#"
xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#"
xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:ecrm="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/"
xml:base="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
<owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>ECRM 110404 / CIDOC-CRM 5.0.2 January 2010 Edition</owl:versionInfo>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Erlangen CRM / OWL</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Changelog: http://erlangen-crm.org/changelog#v110404</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Erlangen CRM / OWL - An OWL DL 1.0 implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, based on: Nick Crofts, Martin Doerr, Tony Gill, Stephen Stead, Matthew Stiff (eds.): Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (http://cidoc-crm.org/).
This implementation has been originally created by Bernhard Schiemann, Martin Oischinger and Günther Görz at the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Computer Science 8 (Artificial Intelligence) in cooperation with the Department of Museum Informatics of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg and the Department of Biodiversity Informatics of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn.
The Erlangen CRM / OWL implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Ontology>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E90_Symbolic_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E28_Conceptual_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E72_Legal_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E90_Symbolic_Object"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P106_is_composed_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters,
identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects,
computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable
structure and that are documented as single units.
It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to
communicate some propositional content.
An instance of E90 Symbolic Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can
include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. An instance
of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary
character string.
Examples:
- ‘ecognizabl’
- The “no-smoking” sign (E36)
- “BM000038850.JPG” (E75)
- image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E38)
- The distribution of form, tone and colour found on Leonardo da Vinci’s painting named
“Mona Lisa” (E38)
- The Italian text of Dante’s “Divina Commedia” as found in the authoritative critical
edition La Commedia secondo l’antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi, Milano:
Mondadori, 1966-67 (= Le Opere di Dante Alighieri, Edizione Nazionale a cura della
Società Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (E33)</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E49_Time_Appellation">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all forms of names or codes, such as historical periods, and dates, which are characteristically used to refer to a specific E52 Time-Span.
The instances of E49 Time Appellation may vary in their degree of precision, and they may be relative to other time frames, “Before Christ” for example. Instances of E52 Time-Span are often defined by reference to a cultural period or an event e.g. ‘the duration of the Ming Dynasty’.
Examples:
- "Meiji" [Japanese term for a specific time-span]
- "1st half of the XX century"
- "Quaternary"
- "1215 Hegira" [a date in the Islamic calendar]
- "Last century"</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E34_Inscription">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E33_Linguistic_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E37_Mark"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises recognisable, short texts attached to instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3_has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2_has type: E55 Type. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CRM as E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E84 Information Carrier. P1_8 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object.
Examples:
- "keep of the grass" on a sign stuck in the lawn of the quad of Balliol College
- Kilroy was here
- the text published in Corpus Inscriptionum LatinarumV 895</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E86_Leaving">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E7_Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P146_separated_from"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P145_separated"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party.
Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.
Examples:
- the end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702; George Washington’s leaving office in 1797</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E3_Condition_State">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the states of objects characterised by a certain condition over a time-span.
An instance of this class describes the prevailing physical condition of any material object or
feature during a specific E52 Time Span. In general, the time-span for which a certain
condition can be asserted may be shorter than the real time-span, for which this condition held.
The nature of that condition can be described using P2_has type. For example, the E3
Condition State “condition of the SS Great Britain between 22 September 1846 and 27 August
1847” can be characterized as E55 Type “wrecked”.
Examples:
- the "Amber Room" in Tsarskoje Selo being completely reconstructed from summer 2003 until now
- the Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg being in ruins from 1944 – 1946
- the state of my turkey in the oven at 14:30 on 25 December, 2002 (P2_has type: E55 Type "still not cooked")</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E2_Temporal_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E18_Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P44i_is_condition_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P5i_forms_part_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E17_Type_Assignment">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E13_Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P41_classified"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E55_Type"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P42_assigned"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions and concepts.
This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of "determination," i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.
Examples:
- the first classification of object GE34604 as Lament Cloth, October 2nd;
the determination of a cactus in Martin Doerr’s garden as 'Cereus hildmannianus K.Schumann', July 2003</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E50_Date">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E49_Time_Appellation"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises specific forms of E49 Time Appellation.
Dates may vary in their degree of precision.
Examples:
- "1900"
- "4-4-1959"
- "19-MAR-1922"
- "19640604"</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E20_Biological_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E19_Physical_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived or are natural products of or from living organisms.
Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Man-Made Object.
Examples:
me
- Tut-Ankh-Amun
- Boukephalas [Horse of Alexander the Great]
- petrified dinosaur excrement PA1906-344</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E27_Site">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E26_Physical_Feature"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises pieces of land or sea floor. In contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings and maps. Instances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location.
Examples the Amazon river basin; Knossos; the Apollo 11 landing site; Heathrow Airport; the submerged harbour of the Minoan settlement of Gournia, Crete</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E6_Destruction">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P13_destroyed"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E18_Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E64_End_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation.
Some destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction may be documented by classifying the event as both an E6 Destruction and E7 Activity.
The decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed or modified is context sensitive:
1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as E6 Destruction.
2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not.
3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as E11 Modification.
Examples:
the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD
- the destruction of Nineveh (E6, E7)</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E48_Place_Name">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises particular and common forms of E44 Place Appellation.
Place Names may change their application over time: the name of an E53 Place may change, and a name may be reused for a different E53 Place. Instances of E48 Place Name are typically subject to place name gazetteers.
Examples:
- “Greece”
- “Athens”
- “Geneva”
- “Lac Léman”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E44_Place_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E75_Conceptual_Object_Appellation">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all appellations specific to intellectual products or standardized patterns.
Examples:
- “ISBN 3-7913-1418-1”
- “ISO 2788-1986 (F)”</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E46_Section_Definition">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises areas of objects referred to in terms specific to the general geometry or structure of its kind.
The 'prow' of the boat, the 'frame' of the picture, the 'front' of the building are all instances of E46 Section Definition. The class highlights the fact that parts of objects can be treated as locations. This holds in particular for features without natural boundaries, such as the “head” of a marble statue made out of one block (cf. E53 Place). In answer to the question 'where is the signature?' one might reply 'on the lower left corner'. (Section Definition is closely related to the term “segment” in Gerstl, P.& Pribbenow, S, 1996 “ A conceptual theory of part – whole relations and its applications”, Data & Knowledge Engineering 20 305-322, North Holland- Elsevier ).
Examples:
- “the entrance lobby to the Ripley Center”
- “the poop deck of H.M.S Victory”
- “the Venus de Milo’s left buttock”
- “left inner side of my box”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E44_Place_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P58i_defines_section"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E84_Information_Carrier">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all instances of E22 Man-Made Object that are explicitly designed to act as persistent physical carriers for instances of E73 Information Object.
This allows a relationship to be asserted between an E19 Physical Object and its immaterial information contents. An E84 Information Carrier may or may not contain information, e.g., a diskette. Note that any E18 Physical Thing may carry information, such as an E34 Inscription. However, unless it was specifically designed for this purpose, it is not an Information Carrier. Therefore the property P1_8 carries (is carried by) applies to E18 Physical Thing in general.
Examples:
- the Rosetta Stone
- my paperpack copy of Crime & Punishment
- the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E22_Man-Made_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E7_Activity">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E5_Event"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P14_carried_out_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E39_Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented.
This notion includes complex, composite and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.
Examples:
- the Battle of Stalingrad
- the Yalta Conference
- my birthday celebration 28-6-1995
- the writing of “Faust” by Goethe (E65)
- the formation of the Bauhaus 1919 (E66)
- calling the place identified by TGN ‘7017998’ ‘Quyunjig’ by the people of Iraq</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E5_Event">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E4_Period"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P12_occurred_in_the_presence_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises changes of states in cultural, social or physical systems, regardless of scale, brought about by a series or group of coherent physical, cultural, technological or legal phenomena. Such changes of state will affect instances of E77 Persistent Item or its subclasses.
The distinction between an E5 Event and an E4 Period is partly a question of the scale of observation. Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an E5 Event is an ‘instantaneous’ change of state. At a fine level, the E5 Event can be analysed into its component phenomena within a space and time frame, and as such can be seen as an E4 Period. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy change of state.
Examples:
- the birth of Cleopatra (E67)
- the destruction of Lisbon by earthquake in 1755 (E6)
- World War II (E7)
- the Battle of Stalingrad (E7)
- the Yalta Conference (E7)
- my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 (E7)
- the falling of a tile from my roof last Sunday
- the CIDOC Conference 2003 (E7)</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E78_Collection">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E39_Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P109_has_current_or_former_curator"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained (“curated” and “preserved,” in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan.
Items may be added or removed from an E78 Collection in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Collection often referred to with the name of the E78 Collection (e.g. “The Wallace Collection decided…”).
Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Collection. This is because they form wholes either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality.
Examples:
- The John Clayton Herbarium
- the Wallace Collection
- Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium at Museum of Natural History
and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E54_Dimension">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means and can be approximated by values, i.e. points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values etc.
An instance of E54 Dimension represents the true quantity, independent from its numerical approximation, e.g. in inches or in cm. The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for expressing the numerical approximation of the values of an instance of E54 Dimension. If the true values belong to a non-discrete space, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the precision of the respective observation. Note, that interoperability of values described in different units depends critically on the representation as value regions.
Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension as appropriate.
Examples:
- currency: £26.00
- length: 3.9-4.1 cm
- diameter: 26 mm
- weight: 150 lbs
- density: 0.85 gm/cc
- luminescence: 56 ISO lumens
- tin content: 0.46 %
- taille au garot: 5 hands
- calibrated C14 date: 2460-2720 years, etc</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E1_CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P91_has_unit"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E12_Production">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items.
It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one.
This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event.
An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.
Examples:
the construction of the SS Great Britain
- the first casting from the Little Mermaid at the harbour of Copenhagen
- Rembrandt’s creating of the seventh state of his etching "Woman sitting half dressed beside a stove",
1658, identified by Bartsch Number 197 (E12,E65,E81)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E11_Modification"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P108_has_produced"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E63_Beginning_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E57_Material">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials.
Instances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P4_ is composed of).
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g.: “instances of gold”.
It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used.
Examples:
- brick
- gold
- aluminium
- polycarbonate
- resin</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E55_Type"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E44_Place_Appellation">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises any sort of identifier characteristically used to refer to an E53 Place.
Instances of E44 Place Appellation may vary in their degree of precision and their meaning may vary over time - the same instance of E44 Place Appellation may be used to refer to several places, either because of cultural shifts, or because objects used as reference points have moved around. Instances of E44 Place Appellation can be extremely varied in form: postal addresses, instances of E47 Spatial Coordinate, and parts of buildings can all be considered as instances of E44 Place Appellation.
Examples:
- “Vienna”
- “CH-1211, Genève”
- “Aquae Sulis Minerva”
- “Bath”
- “Cambridge”
- “the Other Place”
- “the City”</rdfs:comment>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E49_Time_Appellation"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E53_Place">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises extents in space, in particular on the surface of the earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter.
The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of “immobile” objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame. It may be identified by one or more instances of E44 Place Appellation.
It is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise. In particular, we are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object – H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance.
Any object can serve as a frame of reference for E53 Place determination. The model foresees the notion of a "section" of an E19 Physical Object as a valid E53 Place determination.
Examples:
- the extent of the UK in the year 2003
- the position of the hallmark on the inside of my wedding ring
- the place referred to in the phrase: "Fish collected at three miles north of the confluence of the Arve and the Rhone"
- Here -> <-</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E1_CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P59i_is_located_on_or_within"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E47_Spatial_Coordinates">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the textual or numeric information required to locate specific instances of E53 Place within schemes of spatial identification.
Coordinates are a specific form of E44 Place Appellation, that is, a means of referring to a particular E53 Place. Coordinates are not restricted to longitude, latitude and altitude. Any regular system of reference that maps onto an E19 Physical Object can be used to generate coordinates.
Examples:
- “6°5’29”N 45°12’13”W”
- “Black queen’s bishop 4” [chess coordinate].
Funtional Units:
14. Location Information
- 26. Person Nationality Information</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E44_Place_Appellation"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E15_Identifier_Assignment">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E13_Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P37_assigned"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E42_Identifier"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure.
Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item.
The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P4_ has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment via the P2_has type property.
Examples:
- replacement of the inventory number TA959a by GE34604 for a 17th century lament cloth at the Museum Benaki, Athens;
assigning the author-uniform title heading "Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832.Faust. 1. Theil." for a work (E28);
on June 1, 2001 assigning the personal name heading "Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377" (E42,E82) to Guillaume de Machaut (E21)</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E51_Contact_Point">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises identifiers employed, or understood, by communication services to direct communications to an instance of E39 Actor. These include E-mail addresses, telephone numbers, post office boxes, Fax numbers, etc. Most postal addresses can be considered both as instances of E44 Place Appellation and E51 Contact Point. In such cases the subclass E45 Address should be used.
Examples:
- “+41 22 418 5571”
- “weasel@paveprime.com”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E39_Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P76i_provides_access_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E63_Beginning_of_Existence">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E5_Event"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P92_brought_into_existence"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that bring into existence any E77 Persistent Item.
It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus post quem and ante quem.
Examples:
- the birth of my child
- the birth of Snoopy, my dog
- the calving of the iceberg that sank the Titanic
- the construction of the Eiffel Tower</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E66_Formation">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E63_Beginning_of_Existence"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E74_Group"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P95_has_formed"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E7_Activity"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation or nation.
E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective.
The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not mean that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.
Examples:
- the formation of the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group
- the formation of the Soviet Union
- the conspiring of the murderers of Caesar</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E35_Title">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the names assigned to works, such as texts, artworks or pieces of music.
Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting” or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group.
This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.
Examples:
- “The Merchant of Venice”
- “Mona Lisa”
- “La Pie or The Magpie”
- “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E33_Linguistic_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E41_Appellation">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E90_Symbolic_Object"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all sequences of signs of any nature, either meaningful or not, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class within a certain context.
Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e., other instances of E41 Appellation that are always regarded as equivalent independent from the thing it denotes.
Specific subclasses of E41 Appellation should be used when instances of E41 Appellation of a characteristic form are used for particular objects. Instances of E49 Time Appellation, for example, which take the form of instances of E50 Date, can be easily recognised.
E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment
Examples:
- "Martin"
- "the Forth Bridge"
- "the Merchant of Venice" (E35)
- "Spigelia marilandica (L.) L." [not the species, just the name]
- "information science" [not the science itself, but the name through which we refer to it in an English-speaking context]</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E32_Authority_Document">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use.
Examples:
- Webster's Dictionary
- Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus
- CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E31_Document"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E80_Part_Removal">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part.
Typical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated E78 Collection. If the E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be regarded as both E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewelry, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan.
Examples:
- the removal of the engine from my car
- the disposal of object number 1976:234 from the collection</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E11_Modification"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P112_diminished"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E18_Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P113_removed"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E21_Person">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E20_Biological_Object"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P98i_was_born"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E39_Actor"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived.
Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity.
Examples:
- Tut-Ankh-Amun
- Nelson Mandela</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E40_Legal_Body">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises institutions or groups of people that have obtained a legal recognition as a group and can act collectively as agents.
This means that they can perform actions, own property, create or destroy things and can be held collectively responsible for their actions like individual people. The term 'personne morale' is often used for this in French.
Examples:
- Greenpeace
- Paveprime Ltd
- the National Museum of Denmark</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P75_possesses"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E30_Right"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E74_Group"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E70_Thing">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This general class comprises usable discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units.
They can be either intellectual products or physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may for instance either have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concept or structure.
Examples:
- my photograph collection (E78 Collection)
- the bottle of milk in my refrigerator (E22)
- the plan of the Strassburger Muenster (E29)
- the thing on the top of Otto Hahn's desk (E19)
- the form of the non-smoking sign (E36)
- the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (E27)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E36_Visual_Item">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E73_Information_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images.
This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support.
The class E36 Visual Item provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks or images etc. The property P6_ depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Man-Made Thing and depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a short-cut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P6_ shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P1_8 represents (has representation) to E1CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.
Examples:
- the visual appearance of Monet's "La Pie" (E38)
- the Coca-Cola logo (E34)
- the Chi-Rho (E37)
- the communist red star (E37)</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E29_Design_or_Procedure">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E73_Information_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form or contents. In particular it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in the modification or production of instances of E24 Physical Thing.
Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P6_is associated with.
Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following:
1. A schema for the activities it describes
2. A schema of the products that result from their application.
3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines.
Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.
Examples:
- the ISO standardatisation procedure
- the musical notation of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy"
- the architectal drawings for the Kölner Dom in Cologne, Germany
- the drawing on the folio 860 of the Codex Atlanticus from Leonardo da Vinci, 1486-1490, kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E1_CRM_Entity">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties:
1. Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifier
2. Classification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass an instance belongs to
3. Attachment of free text for the expression of anything not captured by formal properties
With the exception of E59 Primitive Value, all other classes within the CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity.
Examples:
- the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P48_has_preferred_identifier"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E30_Right">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives.
These include reproduction and property rights.
Examples:
- Copyright held by ISO on ISO/CD 21127
- ownership of the "Mona Lisa" by the Louvre</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E72_Legal_Object"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P104i_applies_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E89_Propositional_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E11_Modification">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all instances of E7 Activity that create, alter or change E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
This class includes the production of an item from raw materials, and other so far undocumented objects, and the preventive treatment or restoration of an object for conservation.
Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in a Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities.
If the instance of the E29 Design or Procedure utilised for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using properties of the design or procedure, rather than via P1_6 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.
Examples:
- the construction of the SS Great Britain (E12)
- the impregnation of the Vasa warship in Stockholm for preservation after 1956
- the transformation of the Enola Gay into a museum exhibit by the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC between 1993 and 1995 (E12, E81)
- the last renewal of the gold coating of the Toshogu shrine in Nikko, Japan</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P31_has_modified"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E7_Activity"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E64_End_of_Existence">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that end the existence of any E77 Persistent Item.
It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus postquem and antequem. In cases where substance from a Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented by E81 Transformation.
Examples:
- the death of Snoopy, my dog
- the melting of the snowman
- the burning of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesos by Herostratos in 356BC</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E5_Event"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P93_took_out_of_existence"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E72_Legal_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E70_Thing"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P105_right_held_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E39_Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E30_Right"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P104_is_subject_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises those material or immaterial items to which instances of E30 Right, such as the right of ownership or use, can be applied.
This is true for all E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E28 Conceptual Object, however, the identity of the E28 Conceptual Object or the method of its use may be too ambiguous to reliably establish instances of E30 Right, as in the case of taxa and inspirations. Ownership of corporations is currently regarded as out of scope of the CRM.
Examples:
- the Cullinan diamond (E19)
- definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Version 2.1 (E73).</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E89_Propositional_Object">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or mental things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse.
This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.
Examples:
- Maxwell’s Equations
- the ideational contents of Aristotle’s book entitled ‘Metaphysics’ as rendered in the
Greek texts translated in … Oxford edition…
- the underlying prototype of any “no-smoking” sign (E36)
- the common ideas of the plots of the movie "The Seven Samurai" by Akira Kurosawa and
the movie “The Magnificent Seven” by John Sturges
- the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta 1945 (E38)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E28_Conceptual_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P129i_is_subject_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E1_CRM_Entity"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E89_Propositional_Object"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P148_has_component"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E1_CRM_Entity"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P67i_is_referred_to_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E87_Curation_Activity">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E7_Activity"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E78_Collection"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P147_curated"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the activities that result in the continuity of management and the preservation and evolution of instances of E78 Collection, following an implicit or explicit curation plan.
It specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded.
Items are accumulated and organized following criteria like subject, chronological period, material type, style of art etc. and can be added or removed from an E78 Collection for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items of a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event while the activity of evolving, preserving and promoting a collection is regarded as an instance of E87 Curation Activity.
Examples:
- the curation of Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium 1876 – 1909 (when Foslie died), now at Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norway</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E77_Persistent_Item">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E1_CRM_Entity"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises items that have a persistent identity, sometimes known as “endurants” in philosophy.
They can be repeatedly recognized within the duration of their existence by identity criteria rather than by continuity or observation. Persistent Items can be either physical entities, such as people, animals or things, or conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or common names.
The criteria that determine the identity of an item are often difficult to establish -; the decision depends largely on the judgement of the observer. For example, a building is regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. The class E77 Persistent Item does not take any position about the nature of the applicable identity criteria and if actual knowledge about identity of an instance of this class exists. There may be cases, where the identity of an E77 Persistent Item is not decidable by a certain state of knowledge.
The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties.
Examples:
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Stonehenge
- the hole in the ozone layer
- the First Law of Thermodynamics
- the Bermuda Triangle</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E68_Dissolution">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E64_End_of_Existence"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/P99_dissolved"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E74_Group"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the events that result in the formal or informal termination of an E74 Group of people.
If the dissolution was deliberate, the Dissolution event should also be instantiated as an E7 Activity.
Examples:
- the fall of the Roman Empire
- the liquidation of Enron Corporation</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E81_Transformation">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E63_Beginning_of_Existence"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E64_End_of_Existence"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/110404/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
<owl:onProperty>